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Huang N, Zhou J, Lu W, Luo L, Yuan H, Pan L, Ding S, Yang B, Liu Y. Characteristics and clinical evaluation of X chromosome translocations. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:36. [PMID: 38129867 PMCID: PMC10740294 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with X chromosomal translocations, variable phenotypes, and a high risk of live birth defects are of interest for scientific study. These characteristics are related to differential breakpoints and various types of chromosomal abnormalities. To investigate the effects of X chromosome translocation on clinical phenotype, a retrospective analysis of clinical data for patients with X chromosome translocation was conducted. Karyotype analysis plus endocrine evaluation was utilized for all the patients. Additional semen analysis and Y chromosome microdeletions were assessed in male patients. RESULTS X chromosome translocations were detected in ten cases, including seven females and three males. Infantile uterus and no ovaries were detected in case 1 (FSH: 114 IU/L, LH: 30.90 mIU/mL, E2: < 5.00 pg/ml), and the karyotype was confirmed as 46,X,t(X;22)(q25;q11.2) in case 1. Infantile uterus and small ovaries were both visible in two cases (FSH: 34.80 IU/L, LH: 17.06 mIU/mL, E2: 15.37 pg/ml in case 2; FISH: 6.60 IU/L, LH: 1.69 mIU/mL, E2: 23.70 pg/ml in case 3). The karyotype was detected as 46,X,t(X;8)(q13;q11.2) in case 2 and 46,X,der(X)t(X;5)(q21;q31) in case 3. Normal reproductive hormone levels and fertility abilities were found for cases 4, 6 and 7. The karyotype were detected as 46,X,t(X;5)(p22.3;q22) in case 4 and 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.3;q11.2) in cases 6 and 7. These patients exhibited unremarkable clinical manifestations but experienced a history of abnormal chromosomal pregnancy. Normal phenotype and a complex reciprocal translocation as 46,X,t(X;14;4)(q24;q22;q33) were observed in case 5 with a history of spontaneous abortions. In the three male patients, multiple semen analyses confirmed the absence of sperm. Y chromosome microdeletion and hormonal analyses were normal. The karyotypes were detected as 46,Y,t(X;8)(q26;q22), 46,Y,t(X;1)(q26;q23), 46,Y,t(X;3)(q26;p24), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into individuals with X chromosome translocations. The clinical phenotypes are variable and unpredictable due to differences in breakpoints and X chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns. Our results suggest that physicians should focus on the characteristics of the X chromosome translocations and provide personalized clinical evaluations in genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jihui Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wan Lu
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Laipeng Luo
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huizhen Yuan
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shujun Ding
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bicheng Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Medical Genetics Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Ferfouri F, Bernicot I, Schneider A, Haquet E, Hédon B, Anahory T. Is the resulting phenotype of an embryo with balanced X-autosome translocation, obtained by means of preimplantation genetic diagnosis, linked to the X inactivation pattern? Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1035-46. [PMID: 26772789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if a balanced female embryo with X-autosome translocation could, during its subsequent development, express an abnormal phenotype. DESIGN Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) analysis on two female carriers with maternal inherited X-autosome translocations. SETTING Infertility center and genetic laboratory in a public hospital. PATIENT(S) Two female patients carriers undergoing PGD for a balanced X-autosome translocations: patient 1 with 46,X,t(X;2)(q27;p15) and patient 2 with 46,X,t(X;22)(q28;q12.3). INTERVENTION(S) PGD for balanced X-autosome translocations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) PGD outcomes, fluorescence in situ hybridization in biopsied embryos and meiotic segregation patterns analysis of embryos providing from X-autosome translocation carriers. RESULT(S) Controlled ovarian stimulation facilitated retrieval of a correct number of oocytes. One balanced embryo per patient was transferred and one developed, but the patient miscarried after 6 weeks of amenorrhea. In X-autosome translocation carriers, balanced Y-bearing embryos are most often phenotypically normal and viable. An ambiguous phenotype exists in balanced X-bearing embryos owing to the X inactivation mechanism. In 46,XX embryos issued from an alternate segregation, der(X) may be inactivated and partially spread transcriptional silencing into a translocated autosomal segment. Thus, the structural unbalanced genotype could be turned into a viable functional balanced one. It is relevant that a discontinuous silencing is observed with a partial and unpredictable inactivation of autosomal regions. Consequently, the resulting phenotype remains a mystery and is considered to be at risk of being an abnormal phenotype in the field of PGD. CONCLUSION(S) It is necessary to be cautious regarding to PGD management for this type of translocation, particularly in transferred female embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ferfouri
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Izabel Bernicot
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Anouck Schneider
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Haquet
- ART-PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Hédon
- ART-PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Tal Anahory
- Cytogenetic PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; ART-PGD Department, CHU Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; INSERM U487, Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France.
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Sisdelli L, Vidi AC, Moysés-Oliveira M, Di Battista A, Bortolai A, Moretti-Ferreira D, da Silva MRD, Melaragno MI, Carvalheira G. Incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) as a novel strategy for identification of the skewed X inactivation pattern in balanced and unbalanced X-rearrangements. Hum Genet 2015; 135:185-92. [PMID: 26670424 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation occurs randomly in normal female cells. However, the inactivation can be skewed in patients with alterations in X-chromosome. In balanced X-autosome translocations, normal X is preferentially inactivated, while in unbalanced X alterations, the aberrant X is usually inactivated. Here, we present a novel strategy to verify the skewed X inactivation pattern through the incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) into cells, in 11 patients: five carriers of balanced X-autosome translocations and six of unbalanced X-chromosome alterations. Since EdU is a labeled nucleoside analog of thymidine, its incorporation during DNA synthesis can reveal late replication regions and the inactive X-chromosome. All EdU findings were validated by the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) assay. The late replication regions were easily and quickly visualized in all cells, where inactive Xs are marked with strong green fluorescence. It was observed that the normal X-chromosome was preferentially inactivated in patients with balanced X-autosome translocations; while the aberrant X-chromosome was inactivated in most cells from patients with unbalanced alterations. By performing the fluorescence-based EdU assay, the differences between the active and inactive X-chromosomes are more easily recognizable than by classic cytogenetic methods. Furthermore, EdU incorporation allows the observation of the late replication regions in autosomal segments present in X derivatives from X-autosome translocations. Therefore, EdU assay permits an accurate and efficient cytogenetic evaluation of the X inactivation pattern with a low-cost, easy to perform and highly reproducible technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Sisdelli
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Angela Cristina Vidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Moysés-Oliveira
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Di Battista
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bortolai
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo Moretti-Ferreira
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Magnus R Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Gianna Carvalheira
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 04023-900, Brazil.
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Midro AT, Panasiuk B, Stasiewicz-Jarocka B, Olszewska M, Wiland E, Myśliwiec M, Kurpisz M, Shaffer LG, Gajecka M. Recurrence risks for different pregnancy outcomes and meiotic segregation analysis of spermatozoa in carriers of t(1;11)(p36.22;q12.2). J Hum Genet 2014; 59:667-74. [PMID: 25319850 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative data obtained from two relatively large pedigrees of a unique reciprocal chromosomal translocation (RCT) t(1;11)(p36.22;q12.2) ascertained by three miscarriages (pedigree 1) and the birth of newborn with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele (pedigree 2) were used to estimate recurrence risks for different pregnancy outcomes. Submicroscopic molecular characterization by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of RCT break points in representative carriers showed similar rearrangements in both families. Meiotic segregation patterns after sperm analysis by three-color FISH of one male carrier showed all possible outcomes resulting from 2:2 and 3:1 segregations. On the basis of empirical survival data, we suggest that only one form of chromosome imbalance resulting in monosomy 1p36.22→pter with trisomy 11q12.2→qter may be observed in progeny at birth. Segregation analysis of these pedigrees was performed by the indirect method of Stengel-Rutkowski and showed that probability rate for malformed child at birth due to an unbalanced karyotype was 3/48 (6.2±3.5%) after ascertainment correction. The risk for stillbirths/early neonatal deaths was -/48 (<1.1%) and for miscarriages was 17/48 (35.4±6.9%). However, the probability rate for children with a normal phenotype at birth was 28/48 (58.3±7.1%). The results obtained from this study may be used to determine the risks for the various pregnancy outcomes for carriers of t(1;11)(p36.22;q12.2) and can be used for genetic counseling of carriers of this rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Teresa Midro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Panasiuk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Marta Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Wiland
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Myśliwiec
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lisa G Shaffer
- Paw Print Genetics, Genetic Veterinary Sciences, Inc., Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- 1] Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland [2] Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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X;7 Translocation in an Indian Woman with Hypergonadotropic Amenorrhea—A Case Report. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:533-6. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Meiotic segregation of X-autosome translocation in two carriers and implications for assisted reproduction. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:850-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Yu S, Barbouth D, Benke PJ, Warburton PE, Fan YS. Characterization of a neocentric supernumerary marker chromosome originating from the Xp distal region by FISH, CENP-C staining, and array CGH. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 116:141-5. [PMID: 17268194 DOI: 10.1159/000097434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A small supernumerary marker chromosome (SMC) was observed in a girl with severe developmental delay. Her dysmorphism included prominent forehead, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, low-set/large ears, and flat nasal bridge with anteverted nares. This case also presented hypotonia, hypermobility of joints, congenital heart defect, umbilical hernia, failure to thrive, and seizures. The SMC originated from the distal region of Xp as identified by FISH with multiple DNA probes. Staining with antibodies to Centromere Protein C (CENP-C) demonstrated a neocentromere, while FISH with an alpha-satellite DNA probe showed no hybridization to the SMC. A karyotype was described as 47,XX,+neo(X)(pter-->p22.31::p22.31-->pter), indicating a partial tetrasomy of Xp22.31-->pter. This karyotype represents a functional trisomy for Xp22.31-->pter and a functional tetrasomy for the pseudoautosomal region given that there is no X-inactivation center in the marker chromosome. The SMC was further characterized by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) as a duplicated DNA fragment of approximately 13 megabase pairs containing about 100 genes. We have described here a new neocentromere with discussion of its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yu
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Center for Medical Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Hwang SH, Lee SM, Seo EJ, Choi KU, Park HJ, Park NC, Choi J, Lee EY. A Case of Male Infertility with a Reciprocal Translocation t(X;14)(p11.4;p12). Ann Lab Med 2007; 27:139-42. [DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2007.27.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun-Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eul Ju Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Un Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Cheol Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Eun-Yup Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Melichar VO, Guth S, Hellebrand H, Meindl A, von der Hardt K, Kraus C, Trautmann U, Rascher W, Rauch A, Zenker M. A male infant with a 9.6 Mb terminal Xp deletion including theOA1 locus: Limit of viability of Xp deletions in males. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:135-41. [PMID: 17163525 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Males with deletions of or within Xp22.3-pter display variable contiguous gene syndromes including manifestations of Léri-Weill syndrome, chondrodysplasia punctata, mental retardation, ichthyosis, Kallmann syndrome, and ocular albinism. Herein, we report on a male infant with a large, cytogenetically visible, terminal Xp deletion defined by extensive FISH and STS marker analysis to encompass 9.6 Mb, and findings of all of the disorders mentioned above. His deletion approximates the largest Xp terminal deletion ever reported in a male individual. Since the extent of terminal Xp deletions viable in males is limited by the position of male lethal genes in Xp22.2 at about 10-11 Mb from the telomere, this patient falls into the category of the most severe male terminal Xp deletion phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker O Melichar
- Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Stankiewicz P, Kuechler A, Eller CD, Sahoo T, Baldermann C, Lieser U, Hesse M, Gläser C, Hagemann M, Yatsenko SA, Liehr T, Horsthemke B, Claussen U, Marahrens Y, Lupski JR, Hansmann I. Minimal phenotype in a girl with trisomy 15q due to t(X;15)(q22.3;q11.2) translocation. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:442-52. [PMID: 16470732 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Few cases of de novo unbalanced X;autosome translocations associated with a normal or mild dysmorphic phenotype have been described. We report a 3-year-old dizygotic female twin with prenatally ascertained increased nuchal translucency. Prenatal chromosome studies revealed nearly complete trisomy 15 due to a de novo unbalanced translocation t(X;15)(q22;q11.2) confirmed postnatally. A mild phenotype was observed with normal birth measurements, minor facial dysmorphic features (hypertelorism, short broad nose, and a relatively long philtrum), and moderate developmental delay at the age of 3 years in comparison to her male fraternal twin. Replication timing utilizing BrdU and acridine-orange staining showed that the der(X) chromosome was late-replicating with variable spreading of inactivation into the translocated 15q segment. The der(X) was determined to be of paternal origin by analyses of polymorphic markers and CGG-repeat at FMR1. Methylation analysis at the SNRPN locus and analysis of microsatellites on 15q revealed paternal isodisomy with double dosage for all markers and the unmethylated SNRPN gene. The Xq breakpoint was mapped within two overlapping BAC clones RP11-575K24 and RP13-483F6 at Xq22.3 and the 15q breakpoint to 15q11.2, within overlapping clones RP11-509A17 and RP11-382A4 that are all significantly enriched for LINE-1 elements (36.6%, 43.0%, 26.6%, 22.0%, respectively). We speculate that the attenuated phenotype may be due to inactivation spreading into 15q, potentially facilitated by the enrichment of LINE-1 elements at the breakpoints. In silico analysis of breakpoint regions revealed the presence of highly identical low-copy repeats (LCRs) at both breakpoints, potentially involved in generating the translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Stankiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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