Influencia del índice de masa corporal en la autoestima de niños y niñas de 12-14 años

Research Review: Effectiveness of universal eating disorder prevention interventions in improving body image among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Increasingly, children are at risk of developing eating disorders. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to examine the effectiveness of universal eating disorder prevention interventions in improving body image, internalization of appearance ideals, and self-esteem among children aged 5-17 years old.

METHODS

Nine electronic databases were systematically searched from each database's point of inception to March 2019. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool assessed each study's risk of bias, while the GRADE approach judged the overall evidence for each review outcome. A meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effect model to obtain standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals under the inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistic and Cochran's Q chi-squared test. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots.

RESULTS

A total of 24 studies (22 trials) were included in this review. Universal interventions were found to be effective in improving children's body esteem, self-esteem, and internalization of appearance ideals at postintervention and at follow-up timepoints. Subgroup analyses found that girls benefited more from these interventions than boys. Multisessional interventions with an optimal duration of approximately one month were found to be more effective.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings encourage the incorporation of universal preventive interventions into school curricula to benefit most children. Laypeople such as teachers can deliver these interventions, but content experts should address topics on body dissatisfaction. Due to the low quality of evidence, as accorded by the GRADE approach, current findings should be validated by future research.

Obesidad, autoestima y condición física en escolares

Introducción. La obesidad infantil es un problema grave de salud pública, ya que genera resultados adversos para la salud física y mental.Objetivo. Relacionar el estado nutricional con los niveles de autoestima y rendimiento físico en escolares de 8 a 10 años de edad.Materiales y métodos. Participaron 236 escolares: 117 hombres y 119 mujeres, de entre 8 y 10 años de edad, pertenecientes a dos colegios del municipio de Temuco con carácter estatal-municipal. Se evaluó peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de masa/grasa, contorno cintura, condición física, horas de ejercicio físico a la semana y autoestima.Resultados. El 43.6% de los escolares presentó malnutrición por exceso. Los categorizados como obesos (19%) presentaron niveles superiores en masa grasa y contorno cintura (p<0.001), además obtuvieron un rendimiento físico menor (p<0.05). Las horas realizadas de ejercicio físico a la semana y el nivel de autoestima fueron menores en lo escolares obesos, pero estos no alcanzaron significancia (p≥ 0.05).Conclusiones. La obesidad en edad escolar pone de manifiesto alteraciones asociadas con el rendimiento físico, la masa grasa y las tendencias negativas sobre la autoestima. A pesar de ser una etapa temprana, se pueden apreciar las consecuencias asociadas a esta condición.