Evaluación del desarrollo psicomotor hasta los 3 años de edad de niños españoles concebidos por técnicas de reproducción asistida (FIV/ICSI): estudio prospectivo de cohorte controlado

Correction system effectiveness of the children physical development of early and younger preschool age with psychomotor disorders (on the example of posture)

Purpose: to reveal the reliability of the effectiveness of the developed author's system for correcting the physical development of young and preschool children with psychomotor disorders. Material and methods. A total of 208 children of early (2-3 years) and younger preschool (3-4 years) age with psychomotor disorders took part in the study. Specially organized studies of the effectiveness of the system of corrective physical education for children of early and younger preschool age with psychomotor disorders were conducted during 2019 - 2021. They took place in specialized preschool education institutions, as well as kindergartens of the combined type in the city of Odesa, Odesa region, as well as in the cities of Kramatorsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv, Balaklia (Kharkiv region). I also summarized my own long-term (over 25 years) experience of individual rehabilitation activities with the specified contingent of children in the Odessa Movement Rehabilitation Center. All children were divided into two groups: 108 from experimental groups and 100 from control groups. Results. Summarizing the analysis of the results of the dynamics of physical development indicators of children with psychomotor disorders (on the example of the study of their posture), we should conclude that almost all the indicators of children from the experimental groups had a marked improvement in results, which in the absolute majority of cases was confirmed statistically (P<0,01‒0,05). Children from control groups also demonstrated some improvement of physical development indicators, but it was by no means confirmed by the methods of mathematical statistics (P>0,05). Conclusions: the conducted formative pedagogical experiment confirmed the reliability of the effectiveness of the developed author's system of correction of physical development of children of early and early preschool age with psychomotor disorders in comparison with the traditional system of their education.

[Ethical and legal questions of anonymity and confidentiality in gamete donation]

Spain is the European country where more assisted reproduction techniques (ART) are performed, reaching 9% of newborns. The objective of this article is to introduce the legal framework and to analyze some ethical questions, not without controversy, in relation to the anonymity of gamete donors and the concealment of origin by ART from their children. Spanish legislation establishes the relative anonymity of donors: both gamete recipients and born children have the right to obtain general information about them as long as their identity is not included, but in situations of risk to the life and health of the children allows your bankruptcy. Likewise, an unequivocal right to privacy and confidentiality of submission to the ART is established. The movement aimed at introducing in our country a legislative amendment that ends the anonymity of gamete donors is based on the right of those children to know their biological origin. Along with legal changes, the attitude of parents and professionals must gradually change towards more transparent and responsible communication, based on the experiences of adults conceived by these techniques, and those adopted. Building values such as trust and truth in the family relationships from responsibility requires placing the children, largely forgotten and the most vulnerable part, at the center of the debate.

Preconception Risk Factors for Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Pilot Study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of multifactorial etiology. Preconception risk factors are still poorly understood. A survey on preconception risk factors for ASD was conducted among parents of 121 ASD patients aged 3-12 years and parents of 100 healthy children aged 3-12 years. The exclusion criteria were as follows: the presence of associated problems such as intellectual disability, epilepsy or other genetic and neurological diseases. Thirteen parameters were considered, a few among which were conception problems, conception with assisted reproductive techniques, the use and duration of oral contraception, the number of previous pregnancies and miscarriages, time since the previous pregnancy (in months), the history of mental illness in the family (including ASD), other chronic diseases in the mother or father and maternal and paternal treatment in specialist outpatient clinics. Three factors statistically significantly increased the risk of developing ASD: mental illness in the mother/mother's family (35.54% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.0002), maternal thyroid disease (16.67% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.009) and maternal oral contraception (46.28% vs. 29.0%, p = 0.01). Children of mothers with thyroid disorders or with mental illness in relatives should be closely monitored for ASD. Further studies are warranted to assess a potential effect of oral contraception on the development of offspring.