Allogreffes de langue, de trachée, de paroi abdominale, d'utérus, de pénis. Précisions sur d'autres applications de l'allotransplantation de tissus composites vascularisés chez l'homme

The Synergistic Effect of Full-Spectrum Light Therapy and Transient Immunosuppressants Prolonged Allotransplant Survival

BACKGROUND

The lifelong administration of immunosuppressants remains the largest drawback in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Therefore, developing alternative strategies to minimize the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents is crucial. This study investigated whether full-spectrum bright light therapy (FBLT) combined with short-term immunosuppressant therapy could prolong VCA survival in a rodent hindlimb model.

METHODS

Hindlimb allotransplantation was conducted from Brown-Norway to Lewis rats, and the rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 did not receive treatment as a rejection control. Group 2 received FBLT alone. Group 3 was treated with short-term antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and cyclosporine A (CsA). Group 4 was administered short-term ALS/CsA combined with FBLT for 8 weeks. Peripheral blood and transplanted tissues were collected for analysis.

RESULTS

The results revealed median survival time of FBLT alone (group 2) did not increase allograft survival compared with the control (group 1). However, in group 4, FBLT combined with short-term ALS/CsA, median composite tissue allograft survival time (266 days) was significantly prolonged compared with groups 1 (11 days), 2 (10 days), and 3 (41 days) ( P < 0.01). Group 4 also showed a significant increase in regulatory T cells ( P = 0.04) and transforming growth factor-β1 levels ( P = 0.02), and a trend toward a decrease in interleukin-1β levels ( P = 0.03) at 16 weeks after transplantation as compared with control (group 1).

CONCLUSIONS

FBLT combined with short-term immunosuppressants prolonged allotransplant survival by modulating T-cell regulatory functions and antiinflammatory cytokine expression. This approach could be a potential strategy to increase VCA survival.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT

Full-spectrum light therapy could be a potential strategy to increase vascularized composite allotransplant survival.

[From the first face replants operations to the first total face transplant: the history of surgical prowess]

Composite tissue allografts of the face were considered as science-fiction just a decade ago. They have become wonderful realities in our hospitals. Face transplantation is one of the great scientific adventures of the 21(th) century that history will remember. Physicians dreamed to give a new face to disfigured patients. Allografts of the face have become a reality thanks to breakthroughs in anatomy and plastic surgery, HLA system research, microsurgery, neurology, and immunosuppressive molecules. In 2010, two teams performed the first total face transplants in the world. They represent technical milestones in the history of transplantation. These face transplants, which have raised a lot of controversy and ethical questions, open the way for other surgical perspectives, allowing medicine to write new history, and show that progress is also made through transgression.

[Uterine transplantation: animal and human studies]

Many cases of not life saving transplanted organs were described with the aim of improving quality of life. Uterus graft could be an alternative solution to adoption or surrogacy for women who have uterine factor infertility. Different animals' studies with mouse, sheep or monkey showed feasibility of the surgical technique with large vessels patch. One case of human uterine transplant has been reported but failed. Cold storage of the uterus in protective solution has been explored with mouse, sheep and human. Only pregnancy after uterus graft by syngenic mouse has been published. Results about pregnancy after allograft with sheep or monkey are necessary before pregnancy after human uterus graft becomes a reality.