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De Castro F, De Luca E, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Platinum compounds as potential antiviral agents. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N. Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Triazine Scaffold and Their Biological Significance: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:4-28. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a six-membered hydrocarbon ring system and if three carbon-hydrogen units of benzene ring are replaced by nitrogen atoms then triazine is formed. Triazines are present in three isomeric forms 1,2,3- triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine according to the position of the nitrogen atom. These are weak bases having weaker resonance energy than benzene, so nucleophilic substitution is preferred than electrophilic substitution. Triazine is an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry. Numerous synthetic derivatives of triazine have been prepared and evaluated for a wide spectrum of biological activities in different models with desired findings such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, insecticidal and herbicidal agents. Triazine analogs have exposed potent pharmacological activity. So, triazine nucleus may be considered as an interesting core moiety for researchers for the development of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab, India
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Sulfonated Copper-Triazine Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:2530851. [PMID: 30245707 PMCID: PMC6136538 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2530851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallotriazine complexes possess interesting biological and medicinal properties, and the present study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of four novel copper-triazine derivatives in search of potent antibacterial and antifungal drug leads. In this study, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4,4′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt (L1, ferrozine) and 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-di(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazine-5,5′-disulfonic acid disodium salt (L2, ferene) have been used as ligands to study the complexation towards copper(II). The synthesized complexes, [CuCl2(ferrozine)]·7H2O·MeOH (1), [CuCl2(ferrozine)2]·5H2O·MeOH (2), [CuCl2(ferene)]·H2O·MeOH (3), and [CuCl2(ferene)2]·H2O·MeOH (4), have been characterized spectroscopically, and preliminary bioassays have been carried out. FTIR spectroscopic data have shown that N=N and C=N stretching frequencies of complexes have been shifted towards lower frequencies in comparison with that of the ligands, confirming new bond formation between Cu and N, which in turn lowers the strength of N=N and C=N bonds. In addition, a bathochromic shift has been observed for UV-visible spectra of complexes (1), (2), (3), and (4). Furthermore, elemental analysis data have been useful to obtain empirical formulas of these complexes and to establish the purity of each complex. Complexes (1) and (2) have shown antibacterial activity for both S. aureus (ATCC® 25923) and E. coli (ATCC® 25922) at 1 mg/disc concentration, and ferrozine has shown a larger inhibition zone against the clinical sample of C. albicans at 1 mg/disc concentration in comparison with the positive control, fluconazole.
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Synthesis, Characterization, and BSA-Binding Studies of Novel Sulfonated Zinc-Triazine Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:7563820. [PMID: 29670646 PMCID: PMC5835287 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7563820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four Zn(II) complexes containing a pyridyl triazine core (L1 = 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-di(2-furyl)-1,2,4-triazine-5′,5″-disulfonic acid disodium salt and L2 = 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4′,4″-disulfonic acid sodium salt) were synthesized, and their chemical formulas were finalized as [Zn(L1)Cl2]·5H2O·ZnCl2 (1), [Zn(L1)2Cl2]·4H2O·2CH3OH (2), [Zn(L2)Cl2]·3H2O·CH3OH (3), and [Zn(L2)2Cl2] (4). The synthesized complexes are water soluble, making them good candidates for biological applications. All four complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and 1H NMR, IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The IR stretching frequency of N=N and C=N bonds of complexes 1–4 have shifted to lower frequencies in comparison with free ligands, and a bathochromic shift was observed in UV-Vis spectra of all four complexes. The binding studies of ligands and complexes 1–4 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) resulted binding constants (Kb) of 3.09 × 104 M−1, 12.30 × 104 M−1, and 16.84 × 104 M−1 for ferene, complex 1, and complex 2, respectively, indicating potent serum distribution via albumins.
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Zvirzdinaite M, Garbe S, Arefyeva N, Krause M, von der Stück R, Klein A. Palladium(II) Complexes of Ambidentate and Potentially Cyclometalating 5-Aryl-3-(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryte Zvirzdinaite
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Simon Garbe
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Natalia Arefyeva
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Maren Krause
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - René von der Stück
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department of Chemistry; Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; University of Cologne; Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
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Liu Y, Chen C. Role of nanotechnology in HIV/AIDS vaccine development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:76-89. [PMID: 26952542 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is one of the worst crises affecting global health and influencing economic development and social stability. Preventing and treating HIV infection is a crucial task. However, there is still no effective HIV vaccine for clinical application. Nanotechnology has the potential to solve the problems associated with traditional HIV vaccines. At present, various nano-architectures and nanomaterials can function as potential HIV vaccine carriers or adjuvants, including inorganic nanomaterials, liposomes, micelles and polymer nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the use of nanotechnology for the development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine and discuss its potential to greatly improve the solubility, permeability, stability and pharmacokinetics of HIV vaccines. Although nanotechnology holds great promise for applications in HIV/AIDS vaccines, there are still many inadequacies that result in a variety of risks and challenges. The potential hazards to the human body and environment associated with some nano-carriers, and their underlying mechanisms require in-depth study. Non-toxic or low-toxic nanomaterials with adjuvant activity have been identified. However, studying the confluence of factors that affect the adjuvant activity of nanomaterials may be more important for the optimization of the dosage and immunization strategy and investigations into the exact mechanism of action. Moreover, there are no uniform standards for investigations of nanomaterials as potential vaccine adjuvants. These limitations make it harder to analyze and deduce rules from the existing data. Developing vaccine nano-carriers or adjuvants with high benefit-cost ratios is important to ensure their broad usage. Despite some shortcomings, nanomaterials have great potential and application prospects in the fields of AIDS treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
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Ghanim AM, Knight DW, Osman NA, Abdel-Fattah HA, Kadry AM. New methods for the selective alkylation of 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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HIV-1 antiviral behavior of anionic PPI metallo-dendrimers with EDA core. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Rubino S, Di Stefano V, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Girasolo M, Nicolò F, Bruno G, Orecchio S, Stocco G. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antiproliferative activity of two platinum(II) complexes containing N-donor heterocycles. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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C-H-Functionalization of 1,2,4-triazines: oxidation and elimination pathways of aromatization of σH-adducts. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Polovkovych SV, Karkhut AI, Marintsova NG, Lesyk RB, Zimenkovsky BS, Novikov VP. Synthesis of New Schiff Bases and Polycyclic Fused Thiopyranothiazoles Containing 4,6-Dichloro-1,3,5-Triazine Moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav V. Polovkovych
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Andrew I. Karkhut
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Natalia G. Marintsova
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Roman B. Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska 69 Lviv 79010 Ukraine
| | - Borys S. Zimenkovsky
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska 69 Lviv 79010 Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P. Novikov
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
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García-Gallego S, Serramía MJ, Arnaiz E, Díaz L, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Gómez-Sal P, Ottaviani MF, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ. Transition-Metal Complexes Based on a Sulfonate-Containing N-Donor Ligand and Their Use as HIV Antiviral Agents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Man BYW, Chan HM, Leung CH, Chan DSH, Bai LP, Jiang ZH, Li HW, Ma DL. Group 9 metal-based inhibitors of β-amyloid (1–40) fibrillation as potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00636j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Prokhorov AM, Slepukhin PA, Kozhevnikov DN. CuCl2 induced reactions of 6-ethynyl- and 6-cyano-5-aryl-2,2′-bipyridines with various N- and O-nucleophiles in comparison with the reactions of relative 1,2,4-triazines. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Strukl JV, de Paula QA, Yang X, Qu Y, Farrell NP. Comparison of cis and trans-Platinum Mononucleobase Compounds with DNA and Protein Models. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP) and N-acetylmethionine (N-ac-l-Met) with the mononucleobase compounds, cis-[PtCl(L)n(9-EtGH)]+ (L = NH3, 4-pic, n = 2; L = en, n = 1) in a 1:1 molar ratio have been studied in aqueous solutions at pH 7.3 using 1H and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy. There is a high kinetic preference for sulfur over nitrogen binding. These results are compared with the trans isomers. Based on low cytotoxicity and a high sulfur/nitrogen preference the cis isomers may also present suitable features for antiviral activity through interaction with specific proteins.
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Vzorov AN, Weidmann A, Kozyr NL, Khaoustov V, Yoffe B, Compans RW. Role of the long cytoplasmic domain of the SIV Env glycoprotein in early and late stages of infection. Retrovirology 2007; 4:94. [PMID: 18081926 PMCID: PMC2242802 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Env glycoproteins of retroviruses play an important role in the initial steps of infection involving the binding to cell surface receptors and entry by membrane fusion. The Env glycoprotein also plays an important role in viral assembly at a late step of infection. Although the Env glycoprotein interacts with viral matrix proteins and cellular proteins associated with lipid rafts, its possible role during the early replication events remains unclear. Truncation of the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the Env glycoprotein is acquired by SIV in the course of adaptation to human cells, and is known to be a determinant of SIV pathogenicity. Results We compared SIV viruses with full length or truncated (T) Env glycoproteins to analyze possible differences in entry and post-entry events, and assembly of virions. We observed that early steps in replication of SIV with full length or T Env were similar in dividing and non-dividing cells. However, the proviral DNA of the pathogenic virus clone SIVmac239 with full length Env was imported to the nucleus about 20-fold more efficiently than proviral DNA of SIVmac239T with T Env, and 100-fold more efficiently than an SIVmac18T variant with a single mutation A239T in the SU subunit and with a truncated cytoplasmic tail (CT). In contrast, proviral DNA of SIVmac18 with a full length CT and with a single mutation A239T in the SU subunit was imported to the nucleus about 50-fold more efficiently than SIVmac18T. SIV particles with full length Env were released from rhesus monkey PBMC, whereas a restriction of release of virus particles was observed from human 293T, CEMx174, HUT78 or macrophages. In contrast, SIV with T Envs were able to overcome the inhibition of release in human HUT78, CEMx174, 293T or growth-arrested CEMx174 cells and macrophages resulting in production of infectious particles. We found that the long CT of the Env glycoprotein was required for association of Env with lipid rafts. An Env mutant C787S which eliminated palmitoylation did not abolish Env incorporation into lipid rafts, but prevented virus assembly. Conclusion The results indicate that the long cytoplasmic tail of the SIV Env glycoprotein may govern post-entry replication events and plays a role in the assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei N Vzorov
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Bromley WJ, Gibson M, Lang S, Raw SA, Whitwood AC, Taylor RJ. Tandem inverse electron demand Diels–Alder, retro-Diels–Alder and intramolecular Diels–Alder sequences: one-pot synthesis of diaza-polycycles. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bergamini P, Bertolasi V, Marvelli L, Canella A, Gavioli R, Mantovani N, Mañas S, Romerosa A. Phosphinic Platinum Complexes with 8-Thiotheophylline Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antiproliferative Activity. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:4267-76. [PMID: 17444631 DOI: 10.1021/ic062133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The platinum mixed-phosphine complexes (SP-4,2)-[PtCl(8-MTT)(PPh3)(PTA)] (2) and cis-[Pt(8-MTT)2(PPh3)(PTA)] (3) (MTTH2 = 8-(methylthio)theophylline, PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) have been prepared from the precursor cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)(PTA)] (1), which has been fully characterized by X-ray diffraction determination. Antiproliferative activity tests indicated that the presence of one lipophilic PPh3 and one hydrophilic PTA makes 1-3 more active than the analogues bearing two PPh3 or two PTA. The reactivity of cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)2], cis-[PtCl2(PTA)2], and cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)(PTA)] with the bis(thiopurines) bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)methane (MBTTH2), 1,2-bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)ethane (EBTTH2), and 1,3-bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)propane (PBTTH2) has also been investigated. New binuclear complexes have been prepared and identified by spectroscopic techniques and their antiproliferative activities on T2 and SKOV3 cell lines evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica dell'Università di Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Maheshwari V, Bhattacharyya D, Fronczek FR, Marzilli PA, Marzilli LG. Chemistry of HIV-1 Virucidal Pt Complexes Having Neglected Bidentate sp2 N-Donor Carrier Ligands with Linked Triazine and Pyridine Rings. Synthesis, NMR Spectral Features, Structure, and Reaction with Guanosine. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:7182-90. [PMID: 16933918 DOI: 10.1021/ic060605h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the types LPtCl2 and [L2Pt]X2 [L = substituted 3-(pyridin-2'-yl)-1,2,4-triazine] were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and, for the first time, by X-ray crystallography in an effort to determine the coordination properties of this novel class of inorganic medicinal agents possessing HIV-1 virucidal activity. The agents containing either one or two sp2 N-donor bidentate ligands are referred to as ptt (platinum triazine) agents. The X-ray structures of three LPtCl2 compounds revealed the expected pseudo-square-planar geometry. The X-ray structure of [(pyPh2t)2Pt](BF4)2 [pyPh2t = 3-(pyridin-2'-yl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine] has the expected trans relationship of the unsymmetrical L and is essentially planar, an unusual property for a Pt(II) complex with two bidentate sp2 N donors. HIV-1 is an RNA virus; the guanosine ribonucleoside (Guo) binds (MepyMe2t)PtCl2 at both (inequivalent) available coordination sites to form [(MepyMe2t)Pt(Guo)2]2+ [MepyMe2t = 3-(4'-methylpyridin-2'-yl)-5,6-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazine]. This adduct has four nearly equally intense Guo H8 signals attributed to two pairs of head-to-tail (HT) and head-to-head (HH) conformers, which interchange rapidly within each pair. However, equilibration between pairs requires rotation of the Guo cis to the MepyMe2t pyridyl ring, and the H6' proton on this ring projects toward the Guo and hinders Guo rotation about the Pt-N7 bond. Thus, the HT/HH pairs do not interchange; such behavior is rare. Guo did not add to [(MepyMe2t)2Pt]2+, a result suggesting the possibility that the virucidal activity of LPtCl2 and [L2Pt]2+ ptt agents arises respectively from covalent and noncovalent (possibly intercalative interactions favored by [L2Pt]2+ planarity) binding to biomolecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Maheshwari
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Christoforou AM, Marzilli PA, Marzilli LG. The Neglected Pt−N(sulfonamido) Bond in Pt Chemistry. New Fluorophore-Containing Pt(II) Complexes Useful for Assessing Pt(II) Interactions with Biomolecules. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:6771-81. [PMID: 16903734 DOI: 10.1021/ic0606375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cis-Pt(Me2SO)2Cl2 with DNSH-tren afforded [Pt(DNSH-tren)Cl]Cl and with DNSH-dienH, under increasingly more basic conditions, led to Pt(DNSH-dienH)Cl(2), Pt(DNSH-dien)Cl, and Pt(DNS-dien). (DNSH = 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl, linked via a sulfonamide group to tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (DNSH-tren) and diethylenetriamine (DNSH-dienH); the H's in DNSH-dienH designate protons sometimes lost upon Pt binding, i.e., sulfonamide NH for the dienH moiety and H8 for the DNSH moiety). Respectively, the three neutral DNSH-dienH-derived complexes are difunctional, monofunctional, and nonfunctional and exhibit decreasing fluorescence in this order as the dansyl group distance to Pt decreases. 2D NMR data establish that Pt(DNS-dien) has a Pt-C8 bond and a Pt-N(sulfonamido) bond. Pt(DNSH-dien)Cl and [Pt(DNSH-tren)Cl]Cl bind to N7 of 6-oxopurines (e.g., 5'-GMP, 3'-IMP, and 9-ethylguanine) and sulfur of methionine (met). Competition and challenge reactions for Pt(II) with met and 5'-GMP typically reveal that met binding is favored kinetically but that 5'-GMP binding is favored thermodynamically. This common type of behavior was found for [Pt(DNSH-tren)Cl]Cl. In contrast, Pt(DNSH-dien)Cl had reduced kinetic selectivity for met. This unusual behavior undoubtedly arises as a consequence of the bound Pt-N(sulfonamido) group, which donates strongly to Pt (as indicated by relatively upfield dien NH signals) and which places the bulky DNSH moiety close to the monofunctional reaction site. The decrease in the relatively upfield shifts of the DNSH group signals indicates that this group stacks with the purine. This stacking could explain the unprecedented, relatively low reactivity of a Pt complex bearing a dien-type ligand toward met vs 5'-GMP.
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Tandem oxidation processes for the regioselective preparation of 5-substituted and 6-substituted 1,2,4-triazines. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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