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Xu MM, Wu B, Huang GG, Feng CL, Wang XH, Wang HY, Wu YW, Tang W. Hemin protects against Zika virus infection by disrupting virus-endosome fusion. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Romeo A, Iacovelli F, Falconi M. Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein prefusion conformation: virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations applied to the identification of potential fusion inhibitors. Virus Res 2020; 286:198068. [PMID: 32565126 PMCID: PMC7301794 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, there are no specific vaccines or drugs approved against COVID-19. Drug repurposing is a valuable method to identify small-molecule viral inhibitors. 8770 FDA compounds have been screened using molecular docking and MD simulations. A selected set of drugs has been suggested as SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors.
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a renewed interest in studying the role of the spike S glycoprotein in regulating coronavirus infections in the natural host. Taking advantage of the cryo-electron microscopy structure of SARS-CoV-2 S trimer in the prefusion conformation, we performed a virtual screening simulation with the aim to identify novel molecules that could be used as fusion inhibitors. The spike glycoprotein structure has been completed using modeling techniques and its inner cavity, needful for the postfusion transition of the trimer, has been scanned for the identification of strongly interacting available drugs. Finally, the stability of the protein-drug top complexes has been tested using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The free energy of interaction of the molecules to the spike protein has been evaluated through the MM/GBSA method and per-residue decomposition analysis. Results have been critically discussed considering previous scientific knowledge concerning the selected compounds and sequence alignments have been carried out to evaluate the spike glycoprotein similarity among the betacoronavirus family members. Finally, a cocktail of drugs that may be used as SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Romeo
- Department of Biology, Structural Bioinformatics Group, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Iacovelli
- Department of Biology, Structural Bioinformatics Group, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Falconi
- Department of Biology, Structural Bioinformatics Group, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Wiehe A, O'Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2565-2612. [PMID: 31397467 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment option in the treatment of certain cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Though best-known for its application in tumor therapy, historically the photodynamic effect was first demonstrated against bacteria at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in light of spreading antibiotic resistance and the rise of new infections, this photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is gaining considerable attention. This review focuses on the PDI of viruses as an alternative treatment in antiviral therapy, but also as a means of viral decontamination, covering mainly the literature of the last decade. The PDI of viruses shares the general action mechanism of photodynamic applications: the irradiation of a dye with light and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the effective phototoxic agents damaging virus targets by reacting with viral nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Interestingly, a light-independent antiviral activity has also been found for some of these dyes. This review covers the compound classes employed in the PDI of viruses and their various areas of use. In the medical area, currently two fields stand out in which the PDI of viruses has found broader application: the purification of blood products and the treatment of human papilloma virus manifestations. However, the PDI of viruses has also found interest in such diverse areas as water and surface decontamination, and biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica M O'Brien
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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In vitro antiretroviral activity and in vivo toxicity of the potential topical microbicide copper phthalocyanine sulfate. Virol J 2015; 12:132. [PMID: 26319137 PMCID: PMC4552998 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copper has antimicrobial properties and has been studied for its activity against viruses, including HIV. Copper complexed within a phthalocyanine ring, forming copper (II) phthalocyanine sulfate (CuPcS), may have a role in microbicide development when used intravaginally. Methods CuPcS toxicity was tested against cervical epithelial cells, TZM-BL cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and cervical explant tissues using cell viability assays. In vivo toxicity was assessed following intravaginal administration of CuPcS in female BALB/C mice and measured using a standardized histology grading system on reproductive tract tissues. Efficacy studies for preventing infection with HIV in the presence of various non-toxic concentrations of CuPcS were carried out in TZM-BL, PBMC, and cervical explant cultures using HIV-1BAL and various pseudovirus subtypes. Non-linear regression was applied to the data to determine the EC50/90 and CC50/90. Results CuPcS demonstrated inhibition of HIV infection in PBMCs at concentrations that were non-toxic in cervical epithelial cells and PBMCs with EC50 values of approximately 50 μg/mL. Reproductive tract tissue analysis revealed no toxicity at 100 mg/mL. Human cervical explant tissues challenged with HIV in the presence of CuPcS also revealed a dose–response effect at preventing HIV infection at non-toxic concentrations with an EC50 value of 65 μg/mL. Conclusion These results suggest that CuPcS may be useful as a topical microbicide in concentrations that can be achieved in the female genital tract. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0358-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonates bind to multiple sites on natively-folded prion protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:826-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen Y, Cao L, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Han C, Li Q, Yang J, Zhou D, Shi W, He B, Liu F, Yu J, Sun Y, Cao Y, Li Y, Li W, Guo D, Cao Z, Yan H. Anti-HIV-1 activity of a new scorpion venom peptide derivative Kn2-7. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34947. [PMID: 22536342 PMCID: PMC3334916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 30 years, HIV/AIDS has wreaked havoc in the world. In the absence of an effective vaccine for HIV, development of new anti-HIV agents is urgently needed. We previously identified the antiviral activities of the scorpion-venom-peptide-derived mucroporin-M1 for three RNA viruses (measles viruses, SARS-CoV, and H5N1). In this investigation, a panel of scorpion venom peptides and their derivatives were designed and chosen for assessment of their anti-HIV activities. A new scorpion venom peptide derivative Kn2-7 was identified as the most potent anti-HIV-1 peptide by screening assays with an EC50 value of 2.76 µg/ml (1.65 µM) and showed low cytotoxicity to host cells with a selective index (SI) of 13.93. Kn2-7 could inhibit all members of a standard reference panel of HIV-1 subtype B pseudotyped virus (PV) with CCR5-tropic and CXCR4-tropic NL4-3 PV strain. Furthermore, it also inhibited a CXCR4-tropic replication-competent strain of HIV-1 subtype B virus. Binding assay of Kn2-7 to HIV-1 PV by Octet Red system suggested the anti-HIV-1 activity was correlated with a direct interaction between Kn2-7 and HIV-1 envelope. These results demonstrated that peptide Kn2-7 could inhibit HIV-1 by direct interaction with viral particle and may become a promising candidate compound for further development of microbicide against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Benxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Deying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (HY)
| | - Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (HY)
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Said J, Trybala E, Andersson E, Johnstone K, Liu L, Wimmer N, Ferro V, Bergström T. Lipophile-conjugated sulfated oligosaccharides as novel microbicides against HIV-1. Antiviral Res 2010; 86:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Watanabe K, Negi S, Sugiura Y, Kiriyama A, Honbo A, Iga K, Kodama E, Naitoh T, Matsuoka M, Kano K. Binding of Multivalent Anionic Porphyrins to V3 Loop Fragments of an HIV-1 Envelope and Their Antiviral Activity. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:825-34. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Proteoglycans in host-pathogen interactions: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2010; 12:e5. [PMID: 20113533 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399409001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Many microbial pathogens subvert proteoglycans for their adhesion to host tissues, invasion of host cells, infection of neighbouring cells, dissemination into the systemic circulation, and evasion of host defence mechanisms. Where studied, specific virulence factors mediate these proteoglycan-pathogen interactions, which are thus thought to affect the onset, progression and outcome of infection. Proteoglycans are composites of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached covalently to specific core proteins. Proteoglycans are expressed ubiquitously on the cell surface, in intracellular compartments, and in the extracellular matrix. GAGs mediate the majority of ligand-binding activities of proteoglycans, and many microbial pathogens elaborate cell-surface and secreted factors that interact with GAGs. Some pathogens also modulate the expression and function of proteoglycans through known virulence factors. Several GAG-binding pathogens can no longer attach to and invade host cells whose GAG expression has been reduced by mutagenesis or enzymatic treatment. Furthermore, GAG antagonists have been shown to inhibit microbial attachment and host cell entry in vitro and reduce virulence in vivo. Together, these observations underscore the biological significance of proteoglycan-pathogen interactions in infectious diseases.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight promising areas of research and preview future generations of microbicides, this review will focus on reports that described new cellular or viral targets, drug substances, or strategies that are specifically intended for topical microbicides. Those reports that dealt with the design, discovery, and synthesis of anti-HIV agents for use in oral or parenteral formulations, while important for the microbicide field, are beyond the scope of this review. RECENT FINDINGS Drug substances intended for topical microbicides are becoming increasingly target specific and, structurally, more complex. New production methods might reduce the cost of microbicides that contain these complex molecules. Genetically engineered probiotic vaginal bacteria express an even wider range of antiviral compounds, perhaps resulting in uninterrupted, coitally independent protection. Combination microbicides that contain two or more drug substances frequently act synergistically. The discovery of new cellular targets such as syndecan-3 might lead to more effective microbicides. SUMMARY Future generations of microbicides will likely contain one or more complex or highly specific drug substances, resulting in safer and more effective products. Since compliance issues continue to confound HIV and herpes simplex virus trials, efforts to bring practical, coitally independent microbicides to developing countries will become a top priority.
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Sulfated K5 Escherichia coli polysaccharide derivatives: A novel class of candidate antiviral microbicides. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 123:310-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cao Y, Gill AF, Dixon DW. Synthesis and characterization of a water-soluble porphyrin with a cyclic sulfone. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Polyanionic drugs and viral oncogenesis: a novel approach to control infection, tumor-associated inflammation and angiogenesis. Molecules 2008; 13:2758-85. [PMID: 19002078 PMCID: PMC6245429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyanionic macromolecules are extremely abundant both in the extracellular environment and inside the cell, where they are readily accessible to many proteins for interactions that play a variety of biological roles. Among polyanions, heparin, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are widely distributed in biological fluids, at the cell membrane and inside the cell, where they are implicated in several physiological and/or pathological processes such as infectious diseases, angiogenesis and tumor growth. At a molecular level, these processes are mainly mediated by microbial proteins, cytokines and receptors that exert their functions by binding to HSPGs and/or GSLs, suggesting the possibility to use polyanionic antagonists as efficient drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Polysulfated (PS) or polysulfonated (PSN) compounds are a heterogeneous group of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic molecules whose prototypes are heparin and suramin. Different structural features confer to PS/PSN compounds the capacity to bind and inhibit the biological activities of those same heparin-binding proteins implicated in infectious diseases and cancer. In this review we will discuss the state of the art and the possible future development of polyanionic drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer.
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