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Chao W, Qiu L, Gao L, Feng J, Liu Y, Yan L, Jiang Y, Lv Q. Antifungal Tetrahydrocarbazole Compound CAR-8 Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Candida albicans. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 38989983 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of new effective antifungal agents is essential to combat fungal infections. Tetrahydrocarbazole has been exploited as a promising skeleton against various pathogenic microorganisms and is used to search for novel active antifungal compounds. In this study, a library composed of small tetrahydrocarbazole compounds was screened, and a potent antifungal agent, CAR-8, was identified with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2-4 μg/mL against Candida albicans. CAR-8 showed strong fungicidal activities and killed almost all C. albicans within 3 h at a concentration of 16 μg/mL. At concentrations of 2 and 8 μg/mL, CAR-8 significantly inhibited the formation of hyphae and biofilms. Moreover, CAR-8 at 10 and 20 mg/kg reduced the fungal load and improved the survival in the C. albicans infection model in the invertebrate Galleria mellonella. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER-associated degradation, and unfolded protein response (UPR), which suggested that CAR-8 treatment induced ER stress. Moreover, CAR-8 treatment resulted in various phenotypes similar to tunicamycin, a classical ER stress inducer. These included nonconventional splicing of HAC1 mRNA, the fragmented morphology of ER, the distribution changes of GFP-Snc1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and cell apoptosis probably caused by ER stress. More importantly, the disruption of IRE1 or HAC1 increased the sensitivity of C. albicans to CAR-8, confirming that the UPR signaling pathway was critical for CAR-8 resistance. Overall, our study identifies a potent ER stress-induced antifungal compound that will help the discovery of new antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Quanzhen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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2
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Maes A, Botzki A, Mathys J, Impens F, Saelens X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of genome-wide pooled CRISPR screens to identify host factors involved in influenza A virus infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0185723. [PMID: 38567969 PMCID: PMC11257101 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01857-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The host-virus interactome is increasingly recognized as an important research field to discover new therapeutic targets to treat influenza. Multiple pooled genome-wide CRISPR-Cas screens have been reported to identify new pro- and antiviral host factors of the influenza A virus. However, at present, a comprehensive summary of the results is lacking. We performed a systematic review of all reported CRISPR studies in this field in combination with a meta-analysis using the algorithm of meta-analysis by information content (MAIC). Two ranked gene lists were generated based on evidence in 15 proviral and 4 antiviral screens. Enriched pathways in the proviral MAIC results were compared to those of a prior array-based RNA interference (RNAi) meta-analysis. The top 50 proviral MAIC list contained genes whose role requires further elucidation, such as the endosomal ion channel TPCN1 and the kinase WEE1. Moreover, MAIC indicated that ALYREF, a component of the transcription export complex, has antiviral properties, whereas former knockdown experiments attributed a proviral role to this host factor. CRISPR-Cas-pooled screens displayed a bias toward early-replication events, whereas the prior RNAi meta-analysis covered early and late-stage events. RNAi screens led to the identification of a larger fraction of essential genes than CRISPR screens. In summary, the MAIC algorithm points toward the importance of several less well-known pathways in host-influenza virus interactions that merit further investigation. The results from this meta-analysis of CRISPR screens in influenza A virus infection may help guide future research efforts to develop host-directed anti-influenza drugs. IMPORTANCE Viruses rely on host factors for their replication, whereas the host cell has evolved virus restriction factors. These factors represent potential targets for host-oriented antiviral therapies. Multiple pooled genome-wide CRISPR-Cas screens have been reported to identify pro- and antiviral host factors in the context of influenza virus infection. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the outcome of these screens based on the publicly available gene lists, using the recently developed algorithm meta-analysis by information content (MAIC). MAIC allows the systematic integration of ranked and unranked gene lists into a final ranked gene list. This approach highlighted poorly characterized host factors and pathways with evidence from multiple screens, such as the vesicle docking and lipid metabolism pathways, which merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Maes
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Francis Impens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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4
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Ding YY, Zhou H, Peng-Deng, Zhang BQ, Zhang ZJ, Wang GH, Zhang SY, Wu ZR, Wang YR, Liu YQ. Antimicrobial activity of natural and semi-synthetic carbazole alkaloids. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115627. [PMID: 37467619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the first natural carbazole alkaloid, murrayanine, was isolated from Mwraya Spreng, carbazole alkaloid derivatives have been widely concerned for their anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-bacterial activities. In recent decades, a growing body of data suggest that carbazole alkaloids and their derivatives have different biological activities. This is the first comprehensive description of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of carbazole alkaloids in the past decade (2012-2022), including natural and partially synthesized carbazole alkaloids in the past decade. Finally, the challenges and problems faced by this kind of alkaloids are summarized. This paper will be helpful for further exploration of this kind of alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng-Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guang-Han Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi-Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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5
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Zaib S, Ibrar A, Khan I, Rana N, Gomila RM, McAdam CJ, Al-Askar AA, Elkaeed EB, Frontera A. Insight into structural topology and supramolecular assembly of tetrahydrocarbazole-carbonitrile: On the importance of noncovalent interactions and urease inhibitory profile. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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6
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Yu Y, Liu A, He J, Wang C, Mei H, Han J. Visible-light-irradiated tandem sulfonylation/cyclization of indole tethered alkenes for the synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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7
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Leclair A, Wang Q, Zhu J. Two-Carbon Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanols to Cyclohexenones Enabled by Indole Radical Cation Intermediate: Development and Application to a Total Synthesis of Uleine. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Leclair
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Liu Z, Wei Y, Shi M. A concise method for cyclic gem-difluoroacyl scaffolds via visible-light-mediated redox-neutral cascade radical cyclization of alkenes. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of diverse alkenes were engaged in redox-neutral radical tandem cyclization initiated by a CF2 radical precursor via visible-light-induced photocatalysis, affording various cyclic gem-difluoroacyl arenes in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Seen SB, Gong Y, Ashton M. The application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Zhan SC, Fang RJ, Sun J, Yan CG. Diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[carbazole-3,5'-pyrimidines] and spiro[carbazole-3,1'-cyclohexanes] via four-component reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6322-6327. [PMID: 34223583 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized spiro[carbazole-3,5'-pyrimidines] and spiro[carbazole-3,1'-cyclohexanes] were efficiently synthesized in satisfactory yields with high diastereoselectivity by CuSO4 catalyzed multicomponent reaction of indole-2-acetate, aromatic aldehyde and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid or dimedone. The reaction was finished with sequential Diels-Alder reaction of both in situ generated indole-2,3-quinodimethane and a dienophile. Additionally, the initially formed spiro[carbazole-3,5'-pyrimidines] were converted to dehydrogenated spiro[carbazole-3,5'-pyrimidines] by DDQ oxidation. The initially formed spiro[carbazole-3,1'-cyclohexanes] were converted to δ-valerolactone-substituted carbazoles by a DDQ promoted Baeyer-Villiger oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Zhan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Ren-Jie Fang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China.
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11
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Wang LL, Du Y, Li SM, Cheng F, Zhang NN, Chen R, Cui X, Yang SG, Fan LL, Wang JT, Guo B, Wu HS, Zhang JQ, Tang L. Design, synthesis and evaluation of tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives as potential hypoglycemic agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105172. [PMID: 34303898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized based on ZG02, a promising candidate developed in our previous studies. The newly prepared compounds were screened for glucose consumption activity in HepG2 cell lines. Aza-tetrahydrocarbazole compound 12b showed the most potent hypoglycemic activity with a 45% increase in glucose consumption when compared to the solvent control, which had approximately 1.2-fold higher activity than the positive control compounds (metformin and ZG02). An investigation of the potential mechanism indicated that 12b may exhibit hypoglycemic activity via activation of the AMPK pathway. Metabolic stability assays revealed that 12b showed good stability profiles in both artificial gastrointestinal fluids and blood plasma from SD rats. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and the results further confirmed that 12b was a potent hypoglycemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Shu-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Na-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; School of Medicine and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sheng-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ling-Ling Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jian-Ta Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hao-Shu Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
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12
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Ma D, Yin Y, Chen YL, Yan YT, Wu J. Design, step-economical diversity-oriented synthesis of an N-heterocyclic library containing a pyrimidine moiety: discovery of novel potential herbicidal agents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15380-15386. [PMID: 35424046 PMCID: PMC8698718 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of highly diverse libraries has become of paramount importance for obtaining novel leads for drug and agrochemical discovery. Herein, the step-economical diversity-oriented synthesis of a library of various pyrimidine-N-heterocycle hybrids was developed, in which a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine core was incorporated into nine kinds of N-heterocycles. A total of 34 structurally diverse compounds were synthesized via a two-step process from very simple and commercially available starting materials. Further, in vivo biological screening of this library identified 11 active compounds that exhibited good post-emergence herbicidal activity against D. sanguinalis at 750 g ai per ha. More importantly, pyrimidine-tetrahydrocarbazole hybrid 5q showed good to excellent herbicidal activity against five test weeds at the same dosage. Pyrimidine-tetrahydrocarbazole hybrids represent a novel class of herbicidal agents that may become promising lead compounds in the herbicidal discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86-571-87951895
| | - Yang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86-571-87951895
| | - Ying-Lu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86-571-87951895
| | - Yi-Tao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86-571-87951895
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China +86-571-87951895
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13
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Chaudhari TY, Tandon V. Recent approaches to the synthesis of tetrahydrocarbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1926-1939. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydrocarbazole (THC) motif is ubiquitous in natural products and biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
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14
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Zhan SC, Fang RJ, Yang RY, Zhao RF, Wang Y, Sun J, Yan CG. DDQ dehydrogenative Diels–Alder reaction for the synthesis of functionalized spiro[carbazole-1,3′-indolines] and spiro[carbazole-1,5′-pyrimidines]. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive 3-vinylindoles were generated by in situ DDQ oxidative dehydrogenation of 3-(indol-3-yl)-1,3-diphenylpropan-1-ones, and underwent sequential Diels–Alder reaction to give novel heterocyclic spirocarbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cong Zhan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ren-Jie Fang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ren-Yin Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ru-Fang Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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15
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Xiong R, Zhang L, Li S, Sun Y, Ding M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Shang W, Jiang X, Shan J, Shen Z, Tong Y, Xu L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zou G, Lavillete D, Zhao Z, Wang R, Zhu L, Xiao G, Lan K, Li H, Xu K. Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH are broad-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses including newly-emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Protein Cell 2020; 11:723-739. [PMID: 32754890 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.11.983056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC50 of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Minyi Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weijuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiwei Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liuxin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dimitri Lavillete
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Cason R. King
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Xiong R, Zhang L, Li S, Sun Y, Ding M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Shang W, Jiang X, Shan J, Shen Z, Tong Y, Xu L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zou G, Lavillete D, Zhao Z, Wang R, Zhu L, Xiao G, Lan K, Li H, Xu K. Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH are broad-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses including newly-emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Protein Cell 2020; 11:723-739. [PMID: 32754890 PMCID: PMC7402641 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC50 of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Minyi Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weijuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiwei Shan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liuxin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Dimitri Lavillete
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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18
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Liu Q, Gupta A, Okesli-Armlovich A, Qiao W, Fischer CR, Smith M, Carette JE, Bassik MC, Khosla C. Enhancing the Antiviral Efficacy of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibition by Combination with Modulators of Pyrimidine Metabolism. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:668-677.e9. [PMID: 32442424 PMCID: PMC7241336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of the mode of action of GSK983, a potent antiviral agent, led to the identification of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase as its target along with the discovery that genetic knockdown of pyrimidine salvage sensitized cells to GSK983. Because GSK983 is an ineffective antiviral in the presence of physiological uridine concentrations, we explored combining GSK983 with pyrimidine salvage inhibitors. We synthesized and evaluated analogs of cyclopentenyl uracil (CPU), an inhibitor of uridine salvage. We found that CPU was converted into its triphosphate in cells. When combined with GSK983, CPU resulted in large drops in cellular UTP and CTP pools. Consequently, CPU-GSK983 suppressed dengue virus replication in the presence of physiological concentrations of uridine. In addition, the CPU-GSK983 combination markedly enhanced the effect of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibition on viral infection. Our findings highlight a new host-targeting strategy for potentiating the antiviral activity of RdRp inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amita Gupta
- Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ayse Okesli-Armlovich
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenjie Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Curt R Fischer
- Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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19
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Hayek S, Pietrancosta N, Hovhannisyan AA, Alves de Sousa R, Bekaddour N, Ermellino L, Tramontano E, Arnould S, Sardet C, Dairou J, Diaz O, Lotteau V, Nisole S, Melikyan G, Herbeuval JP, Vidalain PO. Cerpegin-derived furo[3,4-c]pyridine-3,4(1H,5H)-diones enhance cellular response to interferons by de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111855. [PMID: 31740051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the field of cancer therapy for small compounds targeting pyrimidine biosynthesis, and in particular dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme of this metabolic pathway. Three available DHODH structures, featuring three different known inhibitors, were used as templates to screen in silico an original chemical library from Erevan University. This process led to the identification of P1788, a compound chemically related to the alkaloid cerpegin, as a new class of pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors. In line with previous reports, we investigated the effect of P1788 on the cellular innate immune response. Here we show that pyrimidine depletion by P1788 amplifies cellular response to both type-I and type II interferons, but also induces DNA damage as assessed by γH2AX staining. Moreover, the addition of inhibitors of the DNA damage response led to the suppression of the P1788 stimulatory effects on the interferon pathway. This demonstrates that components of the DNA damage response are bridging the inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis by P1788 to the interferon signaling pathway. Altogether, these results provide new insights on the mode of action of novel pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors and their development for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hayek
- Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | | | - Rodolphe Alves de Sousa
- Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Nassima Bekaddour
- Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Laura Ermellino
- Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France; Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Arnould
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Sardet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- Chimie Bio-inorganique des Dérivés Soufrés et Pharmacochimie (CBDSP), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Diaz
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS UMR9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gagik Melikyan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France.
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20
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Okesli-Armlovich A, Gupta A, Jimenez M, Auld D, Liu Q, Bassik MC, Khosla C. Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of human uridine-cytidine kinase 2 by high-throughput screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2559-2564. [PMID: 31420268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinically relevant inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian de novo pyrimidine synthesis, have strong antiviral and anticancer activity in vitro. However, they are ineffective in vivo due to efficient uridine salvage by infected or rapidly dividing cells. The pyrimidine salvage enzyme uridine-cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2), a ∼29 kDa protein that forms a tetramer in its active state, is necessary for uridine salvage. Notwithstanding the pharmacological potential of this target, no medicinally tractable inhibitors of the human enzyme have been reported to date. We therefore established and miniaturized an in vitro assay for UCK2 activity and undertook a high-throughput screen against a ∼40,000-compound library to generate drug-like leads. The structures, activities, and modes of inhibition of the most promising hits are described. Notably, our screen yielded non-competitive UCK2 inhibitors which were able to suppress nucleoside salvage in cells both in the presence and absence of DHODH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Okesli-Armlovich
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amita Gupta
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marta Jimenez
- Facilitated Access to Screening Technologies (FAST) Laboratory, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Douglas Auld
- Facilitated Access to Screening Technologies (FAST) Laboratory, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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21
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Caruso A, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Saturnino C, Mauro MV, Bruno R, Aquaro S, Sinicropi MS. Carbazole Derivatives as Antiviral Agents: An Overview. Molecules 2019; 24:E1912. [PMID: 31109016 PMCID: PMC6572111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Keywords: carbazole; tetrahydrocarbazole; antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria,87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria,87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria,87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | | | - Rosalinda Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria,87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria,87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria,87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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22
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Yang Y, Cao L, Gao H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Fang F, Lan T, Lou Z, Rao Y. Discovery, Optimization, and Target Identification of Novel Potent Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4056-4073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yang
- Tsinghua University−Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Gao
- Tsinghua University−Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | | | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
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23
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Edwards MR, Basler CF. Current status of small molecule drug development for Ebola virus and other filoviruses. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 35:42-56. [PMID: 31003196 PMCID: PMC6556423 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The filovirus family includes some of the deadliest viruses known, including Ebola virus and Marburg virus. These viruses cause periodic outbreaks of severe disease that can be spread from person to person, making the filoviruses important public health threats. There remains a need for approved drugs that target all or most members of this virus family. Small molecule inhibitors that target conserved functions hold promise as pan-filovirus therapeutics. To date, compounds that effectively target virus entry, genome replication, gene expression, and virus egress have been described. The most advanced inhibitors are nucleoside analogs that target viral RNA synthesis reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, United States
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, United States.
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24
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Li CC, Wang XJ, Wang HCR. Repurposing host-based therapeutics to control coronavirus and influenza virus. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:726-736. [PMID: 30711575 PMCID: PMC7108273 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a cost- and time-efficient approach for new indications. Targeting host machineries, used by viruses, could develop broad-spectrum antivirals. Repurposing existing drugs could efficiently identify antiviral agents.
The development of highly effective antiviral agents has been a major objective in virology and pharmaceutics. Drug repositioning has emerged as a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative approach to traditional drug discovery and development. This new shift focuses on the repurposing of clinically approved drugs and promising preclinical drug candidates for the therapeutic development of host-based antiviral agents to control diseases caused by coronavirus and influenza virus. Host-based antiviral agents target host cellular machineries essential for viral infections or innate immune responses to interfere with viral pathogenesis. This review discusses current knowledge, prospective applications and challenges in the repurposing of clinically approved and preclinically studied drugs for newly indicated antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hwa-Chain Robert Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
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25
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Su L, Li J, Zhou Z, Huang D, Zhang Y, Pei H, Guo W, Wu H, Wang X, Liu M, Yang CG, Chen Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of hybrid of tetrahydrocarbazole with 2,4-diaminopyrimidine scaffold as antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:203-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Cidofovir Diphosphate Inhibits Adenovirus 5 DNA Polymerase via both Nonobligate Chain Termination and Direct Inhibition, and Polymerase Mutations Confer Cidofovir Resistance on Intact Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01925-18. [PMID: 30397065 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01925-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (AdV) can cause fatal disease in immune-suppressed individuals, but treatment options are limited, in part because the antiviral cytidine analog cidofovir (CDV) is nephrotoxic. The investigational agent brincidofovir (BCV) is orally bioavailable, nonnephrotoxic, and generates the same active metabolite, cidofovir diphosphate (CDVpp). However, its mechanism of action against AdV is poorly understood. Therefore, we have examined the effect of CDVpp on DNA synthesis by a purified adenovirus 5 (AdV5) DNA polymerase (Pol). CDVpp was incorporated into nascent DNA strands and promoted a nonobligate form of chain termination (i.e., AdV5 Pol can extend, albeit inefficiently, a DNA chain even after the incorporation of a first CDVpp molecule). Moreover, unlike a conventional mismatched base pair, misincorporated CDVpp was not readily excised by the AdV5 Pol. At elevated concentrations, CDVpp inhibited AdV5 Pol in a manner consistent with both chain termination and direct inhibition of Pol activity. Finally, a recombinant AdV5 was constructed, containing Pol mutations (V303I and T87I) that were selected following an extended passage of wild-type AdV5 in the presence of BCV. This virus had a 2.1-fold elevated 50% effective concentration (EC50) for BCV and a 1.9-fold increased EC50 for CDV; thus, these results confirmed that viral resistance to BCV and CDV can be attributed to mutations in the viral Pol. These findings show that the anti-AdV5 activity of CDV and BCV is mediated through the viral DNA Pol and that their antiviral activity may occur via both (nonobligate) chain termination and (at high concentration) direct inhibition of AdV5 Pol activity.
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O'Brien MS, Markovich KC, Selleseth D, DeVita AV, Sethna P, Gentry BG. In vitro evaluation of current and novel antivirals in combination against human cytomegalovirus. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:255-263. [PMID: 30153445 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause severe disease in patients with compromised or immature immune systems. Currently approved pharmacotherapies for the treatment of systemic HCMV infections [ganciclovir (GCV), cidofovir (CDV), foscarnet] are limited by a high incidence of adverse effects and/or the development of drug resistance. Given that many of these drugs have the same viral target (HCMV-encoded DNA polymerase), cross-resistance is relatively common. The primary means to combat drug resistance is combination pharmacotherapy using therapeutics with different molecular mechanisms of action with the expectation that those combinations result in an additive or synergistic enhancement of effect; combinations that result in antagonism can, in many cases, be detrimental to the outcome of the patient. We therefore tested select combinations of approved (GCV, CDV, letermovir (LMV)) and experimental (brincidofovir (BCV), cyclopropavir (CPV), maribavir (MBV), BDCRB) drugs with the hypothesis that combinations of drugs with different and distinct molecular mechanisms of action will produce an additive and/or synergistic enhancement of antiviral effect against HCMV in vitro. Using MacSynergy II (a statistical package that measures enhancement or lessening of effect relative to zero/additive), select drug combination studies demonstrated combination indices ranging from 160 to 372 with 95% confidence intervals greater than zero indicating that these combinations elicit a synergistic enhancement of effect against HCMV in vitro. These data suggest that administration of a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor, MBV, and/or a viral terminase inhibitor in combination has the potential to address the resistance/cross-resistance problems associated with currently available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shea O'Brien
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2507 University Ave., Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA.
| | - Kylie C Markovich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2507 University Ave., Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA.
| | - Dean Selleseth
- Chimerix, 2505 Meridian Parkway, Suite 100, Durham, NC, 27713, USA.
| | - Alexa V DeVita
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2507 University Ave., Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA.
| | - Phiroze Sethna
- Chimerix, 2505 Meridian Parkway, Suite 100, Durham, NC, 27713, USA.
| | - Brian G Gentry
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2507 University Ave., Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA.
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Luthra P, Naidoo J, Pietzsch CA, De S, Khadka S, Anantpadma M, Williams CG, Edwards MR, Davey RA, Bukreyev A, Ready JM, Basler CF. Inhibiting pyrimidine biosynthesis impairs Ebola virus replication through depletion of nucleoside pools and activation of innate immune responses. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:288-302. [PMID: 30144461 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Specific host pathways that may be targeted therapeutically to inhibit the replication of Ebola virus (EBOV) and other emerging viruses remain incompletely defined. A screen of 200,000 compounds for inhibition of an EBOV minigenome (MG) assay that measures the function of the viral polymerase complex identified as hits several compounds with an amino-tetrahydrocarbazole scaffold. This scaffold was structurally similar to GSK983, a compound previously described as having broad-spectrum antiviral activity due to its impairing de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis through inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). We generated compound SW835, the racemic version of GSK983 and demonstrated that SW835 and brequinar, another DHODH inhibitor, potently inhibit the MG assay and the replication of EBOV, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and Zika (ZIKV) in vitro. Nucleoside and deoxynucleoside supplementation studies demonstrated that depletion of pyrimidine pools contributes to antiviral activity of these compounds. As reported for other DHODH inhibitors, SW835 and brequinar also induced expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). ISG induction was demonstrated to occur without production of IFNα/β and independently of the IFNα receptor and was not blocked by EBOV-encoded suppressors of IFN signaling pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated that transcription factor IRF1 is required for this ISG induction, and that IRF1 induction requires the DNA damage response kinase ATM. Therefore, de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is critical for the replication of EBOV and other RNA viruses and inhibition of this pathway activates an ATM and IRF1-dependent innate immune response that subverts EBOV immune evasion functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Luthra
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacinth Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Colette A Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Sampriti De
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sudip Khadka
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Caroline G Williams
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan R Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Joseph M Ready
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Narayana C, Kumari P, Sagar R. Regioselective Synthesis of Chirally Enriched Tetrahydrocarbazolones and Tetrahydrocarbazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:4240-4244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintam Narayana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Priti Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University (SNU), NH91, Tehsil-Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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30
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A high throughput screen identifies benzoquinoline compounds as inhibitors of Ebola virus replication. Antiviral Res 2018; 150:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Jia K, Yuan Y, Liu W, Liu L, Qin Q, Yi M. Identification of Inhibitory Compounds Against Singapore Grouper Iridovirus Infection by Cell Viability-Based Screening Assay and Droplet Digital PCR. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:35-44. [PMID: 29209860 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is one of the major causative agents of fish diseases and has caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. There is currently no commercial vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against SGIV infection. Annually, an increasing number of small molecule compounds from various sources have been produced, and many are proved to be potential inhibitors against viruses. Here, a high-throughput in vitro cell viability-based screening assay was developed to identify antiviral compounds against SGIV using the luminescent-based CellTiter-Glo reagent in cultured grouper spleen cells by quantificational measurement of the cytopathic effects induced by SGIV infection. This assay was utilized to screen for potential SGIV inhibitors from five customized compounds which had been reported to be capable of inhibiting other viruses and 30 compounds isolated from various marine organisms, and three of them [ribavirin, harringtonine, and 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (2-HOM)] were identified to be effective on inhibiting SGIV infection, which was further confirmed with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In addition, the ddPCR results revealed that ribavirin and 2-HOM inhibited SGIV replication and entry in a dose-dependent manner, and harringtonine could reduce SGIV replication rather than entry at the working concentration without significant toxicity. These findings provided an easy and reliable cell viability-based screening assay to identify compounds with anti-SGIV effect and a way of studying the anti-SGIV mechanism of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntong Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongming Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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32
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Bublitz M, Kjellerup L, Cohrt KO, Gordon S, Mortensen AL, Clausen JD, Pallin TD, Hansen JB, Fuglsang AT, Dalby-Brown W, Winther AML. Tetrahydrocarbazoles are a novel class of potent P-type ATPase inhibitors with antifungal activity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0188620. [PMID: 29293507 PMCID: PMC5749684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a series of tetrahydrocarbazoles as novel P-type ATPase inhibitors. Using a set of rationally designed analogues, we have analyzed their structure-activity relationship using functional assays, crystallographic data and computational modeling. We found that tetrahydrocarbazoles inhibit adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis of the fungal H+-ATPase, depolarize the fungal plasma membrane and exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Comparative inhibition studies indicate that many tetrahydrocarbazoles also inhibit the mammalian Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and Na+,K+-ATPase with an even higher potency than Pma1. We have located the binding site for this compound class by crystallographic structure determination of a SERCA-tetrahydrocarbazole complex to 3.0 Å resolution, finding that the compound binds to a region above the ion inlet channel of the ATPase. A homology model of the Candida albicans H+-ATPase based on this crystal structure, indicates that the compounds could bind to the same pocket and identifies pocket extensions that could be exploited for selectivity enhancement. The results of this study will aid further optimization towards selective H+-ATPase inhibitors as a new class of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Bublitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lasse Kjellerup
- Pcovery, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anja Thoe Fuglsang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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33
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Original Chemical Series of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Inhibitors That Boost the Antiviral Interferon Response. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00383-17. [PMID: 28807907 PMCID: PMC5610480 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00383-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is a key metabolic pathway involved in multiple biosynthetic processes. Here, we identified an original series of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-one derivatives as a new class of pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors formed by two edge-fused polycyclic moieties. We show that identified compounds exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity and immunostimulatory properties, in line with recent reports linking de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis with innate defense mechanisms against viruses. Most importantly, we establish that pyrimidine deprivation can amplify the production of both type I and type III interferons by cells stimulated with retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) ligands. Altogether, our results further expand the current panel of pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors and illustrate how the production of antiviral interferons is tightly coupled to this metabolic pathway. Functional and structural similarities between this new chemical series and dicoumarol, which was reported before to inhibit pyrimidine biosynthesis at the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) step, are discussed.
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Khiar S, Lucas-Hourani M, Nisole S, Smith N, Helynck O, Bourgine M, Ruffié C, Herbeuval JP, Munier-Lehmann H, Tangy F, Vidalain PO. Identification of a small molecule that primes the type I interferon response to cytosolic DNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2561. [PMID: 28566766 PMCID: PMC5451460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon response plays a pivotal role in host defense against infectious agents and tumors, and promising therapeutic approaches rely on small molecules designed to boost this system. To identify such compounds, we developed a high-throughput screening assay based on HEK-293 cells expressing luciferase under the control of Interferon-Stimulated Response Elements (ISRE). An original library of 10,000 synthetic compounds was screened, and we identified a series of 1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide compounds inducing the ISRE promoter sequence, specific cellular Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs), and the phosphorylation of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) 3. ISRE induction by ChX710, a prototypical member of this chemical series, was dependent on the adaptor MAVS and IRF1, but was IRF3 independent. Although it was unable to trigger type I IFN secretion per se, ChX710 efficiently primed cellular response to transfected plasmid DNA as assessed by potent synergistic effects on IFN-β secretion and ISG expression levels. This cellular response was dependent on STING, a key adaptor involved in the sensing of cytosolic DNA and immune activation by various pathogens, stress signals and tumorigenesis. Our results demonstrate that cellular response to cytosolic DNA can be boosted with a small molecule, and potential applications in antimicrobial and cancer therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khiar
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Sébastien Nisole
- Mécanismes d'action des interférons et voies bio-thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR-S1124, Paris, France
| | - Nikaïa Smith
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Helynck
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Claude Ruffié
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR8601, Paris, France.
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35
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Puschnik AS, Majzoub K, Ooi YS, Carette JE. A CRISPR toolbox to study virus-host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017; 15:351-364. [PMID: 28420884 PMCID: PMC5800792 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that depend on host cellular components for replication. Genetic screens are an unbiased and comprehensive method to uncover host cellular components that are critical for the infection with viruses. Loss-of-function screens result in the genome-wide disruption of gene expression, whereas gain-of-function screens rely on large-scale overexpression of host genes. Genetic knockout screens can be conducted using haploid insertional mutagenesis or the CRISPR–Cas system. Genetic screens using the CRISPR–Cas system have provided crucial insights in the host determinants of infections with important human pathogens such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus and hepatitis C virus. CRISPR–Cas-based techniques additionally provide ways to generate both in vitro and in vivo models to study viral pathogenesis, to manipulate viral genomes, to eradicate viral disease vectors using gene drive systems and to advance the development of antiviral therapeutics.
In this Review, Puschnik and colleagues discuss the technical aspects of using CRISPR–Cas technology in genome-scale knockout screens to study virus–host interactions, and they compare these screens with alternative genetic screening technologies. Viruses depend on their hosts to complete their replication cycles; they exploit cellular receptors for entry and hijack cellular functions to replicate their genome, assemble progeny virions and spread. Recently, genome-scale CRISPR–Cas screens have been used to identify host factors that are required for virus replication, including the replication of clinically relevant viruses such as Zika virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus and hepatitis C virus. In this Review, we discuss the technical aspects of genome-scale knockout screens using CRISPR–Cas technology, and we compare these screens with alternative genetic screening technologies. The relative ease of use and reproducibility of CRISPR–Cas make it a powerful tool for probing virus–host interactions and for identifying new antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas S Puschnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Karim Majzoub
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yaw Shin Ooi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Potent antivirals are successfully used for the treatment of infections with herpesviruses, hepatitis B and C viruses, HIV, and with some success for influenza viruses. However, no selective inhibitors are available for a multitude of medically important viruses, most of which are (re-)emerging RNA viruses. As it is impossible to develop drugs against each of these viruses, broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAA) are a prime strategy to cope with this challenge. RECENT FINDINGS We propose four categories of antiviral molecules that hold promise as BSAA. Several nucleoside analogues with broad antiviral activity have been described and given the relatively conserved nature of viral polymerases, it may be possible to develop more broad-spectrum nucleoside analogues. A number of viral proteins are relatively conserved between families and may also be interesting targets. Host-targeting antiviral drugs such as modulators of lipid metabolism and cyclophilin inhibitors can be explored as well. Finally, the potent and broad antiviral function of the immune system can be exploited by the development of immune-modulating BSAA. SUMMARY Despite the recent advances, the BSAA field is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, the discovery and development of such molecules will be a key aim of antiviral research in the coming decades.
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Deans RM, Morgens DW, Ökesli A, Pillay S, Horlbeck MA, Kampmann M, Gilbert LA, Li A, Mateo R, Smith M, Glenn JS, Carette JE, Khosla C, Bassik MC. Parallel shRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 screens enable antiviral drug target identification. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:361-6. [PMID: 27018887 PMCID: PMC4836973 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Broad spectrum antiviral drugs targeting host processes could potentially treat a wide range of viruses while reducing the likelihood of emergent resistance. Despite great promise as therapeutics, such drugs remain largely elusive. Here we use parallel genome-wide high-coverage shRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 screens to identify the cellular target and mechanism of action of GSK983, a potent broad spectrum antiviral with unexplained cytotoxicity1–3. We show that GSK983 blocks cell proliferation and dengue virus replication by inhibiting the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Guided by mechanistic insights from both genomic screens, we found that exogenous deoxycytidine markedly reduces GSK983 cytotoxicity but not antiviral activity, providing an attractive novel approach to improve the therapeutic window of DHODH inhibitors against RNA viruses. Together, our results highlight the distinct advantages and limitations of each screening method for identifying drug targets and demonstrate the utility of parallel knockdown and knockout screens for comprehensively probing drug activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Deans
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David W Morgens
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ayşe Ökesli
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sirika Pillay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Max A Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Roberto Mateo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Glenn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford, California, USA
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38
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Talukdar R, Saha A, Ghorai MK. Domino-Ring Opening-Cyclization (DROC) of Donor-Acceptor (DA) Cyclopropanes. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur UP 208016 India
| | - Amrita Saha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur UP 208016 India
| | - Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur UP 208016 India
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39
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Khiar S, Pietrancosta N, Vidalain PO. [Stimulating Type I interferon response with small molecules: revival of an old idea]. Biol Aujourdhui 2015; 209:145-59. [PMID: 26514384 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons play a central role in the establishment of an innate immune response against viral infections and tumor cells. Shortly after their discovery in 1957, several groups have looked for small molecules capable of inducing the expression of these cytokines with therapeutic applications in mind. A set of active compounds in mice were identified, but because of their relative inefficiency in humans for reasons not understood at the time, these studies fell into oblivion. In recent years, the characterization of pathogen recognition receptors and the signaling pathways they activate, together with the discovery of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, have revolutionized our understanding of innate immunity. These discoveries and the popularization of high-throughput screening technologies have renewed the interest for small molecules that can induce type I interferons. Proofs about their therapeutic potency in humans are expected very soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khiar
- Unitéde Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France - CNRS UMR3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Plateau 2MI, CNRS UMR8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CICB-Paris (FR 3567), Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- qÉuipe Chimie et Biologie, Nucléo(s)tides & Immunologie pour la Thérapie, CNRS UMR8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CICB-Paris (FR 3567), Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
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Zhu JD, Meng W, Wang XJ, Wang HCR. Broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:517. [PMID: 26052325 PMCID: PMC4440912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of highly effective, broad-spectrum antiviral agents is the major objective shared by the fields of virology and pharmaceutics. Antiviral drug development has focused on targeting viral entry and replication, as well as modulating cellular defense system. High throughput screening of molecules, genetic engineering of peptides, and functional screening of agents have identified promising candidates for development of optimal broad-spectrum antiviral agents to intervene in viral infection and control viral epidemics. This review discusses current knowledge, prospective applications, opportunities, and challenges in the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Da Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Wen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing, China
| | - Hwa-Chain R Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
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Lucas-Hourani M, Munier-Lehmann H, Helynck O, Komarova A, Desprès P, Tangy F, Vidalain PO. High-throughput screening for broad-spectrum chemical inhibitors of RNA viruses. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24838008 DOI: 10.3791/51222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are responsible for major human diseases such as flu, bronchitis, dengue, Hepatitis C or measles. They also represent an emerging threat because of increased worldwide exchanges and human populations penetrating more and more natural ecosystems. A good example of such an emerging situation is chikungunya virus epidemics of 2005-2006 in the Indian Ocean. Recent progresses in our understanding of cellular pathways controlling viral replication suggest that compounds targeting host cell functions, rather than the virus itself, could inhibit a large panel of RNA viruses. Some broad-spectrum antiviral compounds have been identified with host target-oriented assays. However, measuring the inhibition of viral replication in cell cultures using reduction of cytopathic effects as a readout still represents a paramount screening strategy. Such functional screens have been greatly improved by the development of recombinant viruses expressing reporter enzymes capable of bioluminescence such as luciferase. In the present report, we detail a high-throughput screening pipeline, which combines recombinant measles and chikungunya viruses with cellular viability assays, to identify compounds with a broad-spectrum antiviral profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lucas-Hourani
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Biochemistry and Structural Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523
| | - Olivier Helynck
- Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Biochemistry and Structural Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523
| | - Anastassia Komarova
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité des Interactions Moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569
| | - Pierre-Olivier Vidalain
- Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569;
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Munier-Lehmann H, Vidalain PO, Tangy F, Janin YL. On dihydroorotate dehydrogenases and their inhibitors and uses. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3148-67. [PMID: 23452331 DOI: 10.1021/jm301848w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper nucleosides availability is crucial for the proliferation of living entities (eukaryotic cells, parasites, bacteria, and virus). Accordingly, the uses of inhibitors of the de novo nucleosides biosynthetic pathways have been investigated in the past. In the following we have focused on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), the fourth enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine nucleosides biosynthetic pathway. We first described the different types of enzyme in terms of sequence, structure, and biochemistry, including the reported bioassays. In a second part, the series of inhibitors of this enzyme along with a description of their potential or actual uses were reviewed. These inhibitors are indeed used in medicine to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis (leflunomide and teriflunomide) and have been investigated in treatments of cancer, virus, and parasite infections (i.e., malaria) as well as in crop science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 28 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Olière S, Douville R, Sze A, Belgnaoui SM, Hiscott J. Modulation of innate immune responses during human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) pathogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:197-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Miller JF, Turner EM, Sherrill RG, Gudmundsson K, Spaltenstein A, Sethna P, Brown KW, Harvey R, Romines KR, Golden P. Substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines as potential agents for the treatment of human papillomavirus infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:256-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tetrahydrocarbazole amides with potent activity against human papillomaviruses. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4110-4. [PMID: 19556128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a series of tetrahydrocarbazole amides with potent activity against human papillomaviruses is described. Synthetic approaches allowing for variation of the substitution pattern of the tetrahydrocarbazole and the amide are outlined and resulting changes in antiviral activity and certain developability parameters are highlighted. Several compounds with in vitro antiviral activity (W12 antiviral assay) in the single digit nanomolar range were identified and N-[(1R)-6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-yl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide was selected for further evaluation.
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