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Zhou W, Song D, Chen H, Tang Q, Yu Q, Huo S, Liu X, Chen K, Zhu F. Identification of key metabolic pathways reprogrammed by BmNPV in silkworm Bombyx mori. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Orozco-Flores AA, Valadez-Lira JA, Covarrubias-Cárdenas KE, Pérez-Trujillo JJ, Gomez-Flores R, Caballero-Hernández D, Tamez-Guerra R, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra P. In vitro antitumor, pro-inflammatory, and pro-coagulant activities of Megalopyge opercularis J.E. Smith hemolymph and spine venom. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18395. [PMID: 33110124 PMCID: PMC7592054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact with stinging spines venom from several Lepidoptera larvae may result in skin lesions. In Mexico, envenomation outbreaks caused by Megalopyge opercularis were reported between 2015 and 2016. The aim of this study was to identify the venomous caterpillars in Nuevo Leon, Mexico and evaluate several biological activities of their hemolymph (HEV) and spine setae (SSV) venoms. M. opercularis was identified by cytochrome oxidase subunit (COI) designed primers. HEV and SSV extracts cytotoxic activity was assessed on the L5178Y-R lymphoma cell line. For apoptotic cells number and apoptosis, cells were stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide and validated by DNA fragmentation. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) cytokine response to the extracts was measured by the cytometric bead array assay. Extracts effect on pro-coagulation activity on human plasma was also evaluated. HEV and SSV extracts significantly inhibited (p < 0.01) up to 63% L5178Y-R tumor cell growth at 125–500 µg/mL, as compared with 43% of Vincristine. About 79% extracts-treated tumor cells death was caused by apoptosis. Extracts stimulated (p < 0.01) up to 60% proliferation of resident murine lymphocytes, upregulated IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α production by hPBMC, and showed potent pro-coagulant effects. The pharmacological relevance of these venoms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso A Orozco-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - José A Valadez-Lira
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Karina E Covarrubias-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Diana Caballero-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Reyes Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología E Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (FCB), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Cd. Universitaria, AP. 46-F., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
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Villas-Boas IM, Bonfá G, Tambourgi DV. Venomous caterpillars: From inoculation apparatus to venom composition and envenomation. Toxicon 2018; 153:39-52. [PMID: 30145232 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Envenomation by the larval or pupal stages of moths occurs when the victim presses their hairs. They penetrate the subcutaneous tissue, releasing toxins such as proteolytic enzymes, histamine and other pro-inflammatory substances. Cutaneous reactions, including severe pain, oedema and erythema are frequent local manifestations of caterpillar envenomation, but, in some cases, the reactions can evolve into vesicles, bullae, erosions, petechiae, superficial skin necrosis and ulcerations. Alternatively, some individual can develop allergic reactions, renal failure, osteochondritis, deformity and immobilization of the affected joints and intracerebral bleeding. Caterpillars produce venom to protect themselves from predators; contact with humans is accidental and deserves close attention. Their venoms have not been well studied, except for toxins from some few species. The present review brings together data on venomous caterpillars of moths, primarily addressing the available literature on diversity among the different families that cause accident in humans, the structures used in their defense, venom composition and clinical aspects of the envenomations. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of action of caterpillars' toxins may lead to the development of more adequate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Maria Villas-Boas
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giuliano Bonfá
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise V Tambourgi
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Antiviral activity of hemolymph of Podalia against rubella virus. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:31-37. [PMID: 27896559 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many active principles produced by animals, plants and microorganisms have been employed in the development of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases. Among animals known to produce pharmacologically active molecules that interfere in human cell physiology. Rubella virus (genus Rubivirus, family Togaviridae) is a single stranded RNA virus of positive genome polarity. Rubella virus infection of susceptible women during the first trimester of pregnancy often results in long-term virus persistence in the fetus causing multiple organ abnormalities. Potent antiviral activity against rubella virus (RV) has been observed in the hemolymph of Podalia sp. (Lepidoptera: Megalopygidae). This study evaluated the effect of hemolymph on RV infected Statens Serum Institute Rabbit Cornea (SIRC) cells. Results of cell viability and cell proliferation assays indicated that hemolymph was not toxic to cultured SIRC cells. Viral binding assay, antiviral assay, PCR, real-time PCR, and transmission electron microscopy were used to demonstrate that hemolymph in post-treatment could inhibit the production of infectious RV particles. Specifically, hemolymph was found to inhibit RV adsorption to the SIRC cells.
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Toledo-Piza ARD, Figueiredo CA, Oliveira MID, Negri G, Namiyama G, Tonelotto M, Villar KDS, Rofatto HK, Mendonça RZ. The antiviral effect of mollusk mucus on measles virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:172-181. [PMID: 27623346 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Measles is a viral disease highly contagious spread by respiratory transmission. Although infection can be controlled by vaccination, numerous cases of measles have been registered in many areas of the world, highlighting the need for additional interventions. Terrestrial gastropods exude mucus on their body surface when traveling, to protect the body from mechanical injury, desiccation or contact with harmful substances. The mucus of mollusks has been studied as a source of new natural compounds with diverse biological activities. In this study, the antiviral activity of the mucus of the land slug P. boraceiensis was demonstrated in vitro using Vero cells infected with measles virus. The crude sample and four fractions were tested in cultures infected with measles virus and the antiviral activity was assessed by the cytopathic effect in infected cell cultures as well as by immunofluorescence and qPCR. Fractions 39 and 50 of the mucus from P. boraceiensis were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and infrared spectroscopy. A mixture of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in the two fractions. A reduction in the growth of the measles virus was observed, measured by qPCR, with a protection index of 80% in Vero cells infected with measles and treated with fraction 39. Fraction 39 exhibited the best antiviral action in vitro and high contents of hydroxy-tritriacontapentaenoic acid and hydroxy-pentatriacontapentaenoic acid were found in this fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita de Toledo-Piza
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Butantan Institute, 1500th, Vital Brazil Ave, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Isabel de Oliveira
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355th, Doutor Arnaldo Ave, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giuseppina Negri
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, 740th, Botucatu St., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gislene Namiyama
- Electron Microscopy Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, 355th, Doutor Arnaldo Ave, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Tonelotto
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Butantan Institute, 1500th, Vital Brazil Ave, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina de Senna Villar
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Butantan Institute, 1500th, Vital Brazil Ave, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Carmo ACV, Yamasaki LHT, Figueiredo CA, da Silva Giovanni DN, de Oliveira MI, Dos Santos FCP, Curti SP, Rahal P, Mendonça RZ. Discovery of a new antiviral protein isolated Lonomia obliqua analysed by bioinformatics and real-time approaches. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:1011-22. [PMID: 24908059 PMCID: PMC4628924 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a new recombinant protein that acts as a powerful antiviral (rAVLO—recombinant Antiviral protein of Lonomia obliqua). It was able to reduce the replication by 106 fold for herpes virus and by 104 fold for rubella virus. RT-PCR of viral RNA rAVLO treated infected cells also showed similar rate of inhibition in replication. The analysis of this protein by bioinformatics suggests that this protein is globular, secreted with a signal peptide and has the ability to bind to MHC class I. It was found that there are several protein binding sites with various HLA and a prevalence of α-helices in the N-terminal region (overall classified as a α/β protein type). BLAST similarity sequence search for corresponding cDNA did not reveal a similar sequence in Genbank, suggesting that it is from a novel protein family. In this study we have observed that this recombinant protein and hemolymph has a potent antiviral action. This protein was produced in a baculovirus/Sf-9 system. Therefore, these analyses suggest that this novel polypeptide is a candidate as a broad spectrum antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dalton Nogueira da Silva Giovanni
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Cep. 05503-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, IBILCE-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil.,Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Suely Pires Curti
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, IBILCE-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Lima-Netto S, Pinheiro A, Nakano E, Zucatelli Mendonça RM, Barros-Battesti DM, Mendonça RZ. Antiviral effect of the egg wax of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae). Cytotechnology 2012; 64:601-6. [PMID: 22441939 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of viral infections, especially those caused by influenza viruses, is of great interest in Public Health. Bio prospection has shown the presence of active principles in the hemolymph of arthropods, and in the salivary gland of ticks, and some of these are of interest for the development of new pharmacological drugs. Ticks lay their eggs in the environment, and to protect them from desiccation and microbial attack they involve the eggs in a waxy layer produced by an organ known as Gené's Organ. In this study, the eggs wax from tick Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) was extracted using ice cold phosphate buffer. The antiviral activity was evaluated with picornavirus and influenza virus. In both cases egg wax was able to inhibit virus replication. For influenza virus, an amount as small as 12 μg/mL of crude egg wax suspension neutralized 128 UHA (hemaglutinant unit) of H(1)N(1) influenza virus. With picornavirus, egg wax led to a 256-fold reduction in virus production by L929 cells. Egg wax was not cytotoxic to VERO, MDCK and L929 cell, being observed that the cell morphology was preserved with concentration as high as 2 mg/mL. In addition no genotoxic effect was observed for Vero cells, suggesting a very interesting potential antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange de Lima-Netto
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil,
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Expression of an antiviral protein from Lonomia obliqua hemolymph in baculovirus/insect cell system. Antiviral Res 2011; 94:126-30. [PMID: 22230047 PMCID: PMC7127045 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The control of viral infections, mainly those caused by influenza viruses, is of great interest in Public Health. Several studies have shown the presence of active properties in the hemolymph of arthropods, some of which are of interest for the development of new pharmacological drugs. Recently, we have demonstrated the existence of a potent antiviral property in the hemolymph of Lonomia obliqua caterpillars. The aim of this study was to produce an antiviral protein in a baculovirus/Sf9 cell system. The resulting bacmid contains the sequence coding for the antiviral protein previously described by our group. Total RNA from L. obliqua caterpillars was extracted with Trizol and used in the reverse transcription assay with oligo(d)T primer followed by polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) with specific primers for the cDNA coding for the antiviral protein, based on the sequence deposited in the GenBank database. Restriction sites were inserted in the cDNA for ligation in the donor plasmid pFastBac1™. The recombinant plasmid was selected in Escherichia coli DH5α and subsequently used in the transformation of E. coli DH10Bac for the construction of the recombinant bacmid. This bacmid was used for the expression of the antiviral protein in the baculovirus/Sf9 cell system. After identifying the protein by western blot, activity tests were performed, showing that the purified recombinant protein was able to significantly reduce viral replication (about 4 logs). Studies on the optimization of the expression system for the production of this antiviral protein in insect cells are in progress.
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Wang XY, He ZC, Song LY, Spencer S, Yang LX, Peng F, Liu GM, Hu MH, Li HB, Wu XM, Zeng S, Hilgenfeld R, Stöckigt J, Zhao Y, Qian JF. Chemotherapeutic effects of bioassay-guided extracts of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 10:NP12-23. [PMID: 21733985 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411413467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The organic extract of Periplaneta americana L. (Dictyoptera; Blattidae) has been traditionally used in southwestern China as an alternative medicine against disorders such as hepatitis, trauma, gastric ulcers, burns, and heart disease. The present study describes bioassay-guided purification and chemotherapeutic evaluation of the 60% ethanolic fraction of P americana organic extracts (PAE60). The most effective cytotoxic fraction was determined by way of repeated in vitro screenings against 12 distinct cultured human carcinoma cell lines: Eca 109, BGC823, HO8910, LS174T, CNE, HeLa, K562, PC-3, A549, BEL 7404, HL-60, and KB, followed by in vivo antitumor assays of the lead fraction (PAE60). The complexity of enriched active fraction was qualitatively evaluated using thin layer chromatography. Reconstituted PAE60 was effective at inhibiting HL-60, KB, CNE, and BGC823 cell growth with IC(50) values <20 µg mL-(1). PAE60 reduced tumor growth in S180-bearing immunocompetent mice by 72.62% after 10 days following oral doses of 500 mg kg d-(1) compared with 78.75% inhibition following 40 mg kg d-(1) of cyclophosphamide (CTX). Thymus and spleen indices of S180-bearing mice treated with PAE60 were significantly greater (P < .05) than CTX treatment groups, suggesting potential immunomodulation of antitumor host defenses by PAE60. Antiviral activity was also investigated and PAE60 inhibited herpes simplex type-2 replication (IC(50) = 4.11 ± 0.64 µg mL-(1)) with a selectivity index (CC(50) to IC(50) ratio) of 64.84 in Vero cells but was less effective on type-1 virus (IC(50) of 25.6 ± 3.16 µg mL-(1)). These results support future clinical trials on P. americana as an alternative or complementary medicinal agent.
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Vieira HLA, Pereira ACP, Peixoto CC, Moraes RHP, Alves PM, Mendonça RZ. Improvement of recombinant protein production by an anti-apoptotic protein from hemolymph of Lonomia obliqua. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:547-55. [PMID: 20936342 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a major problem in animal cell culture during production of biopharmaceuticals, such as recombinant proteins or viral particles. In the present work baculovirus-insect cell expression system (BEVS/IC) is used as model to produce rotavirus like-particles, composed by three layers of three different viral proteins (VP2, VP6 and VP7). In this model baculovirus infection also induces host cell death. Herein a new strategy to enhance cell life span and to increase recombinant rotavirus protein production of BEVS/IC system was developed. This strategy relies on hemolymph from Lonomia oblique (total extracts or a semi-purified fraction) medium supplementation. The total extract and a purified fraction from hemolymph of Lonomia obliqua were able to protect Sf-9 cell culture against apoptosis triggered by oxidative stress (using the pro-oxidant agents tert butylhydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide) and by baculovirus infection. Furthermore, hemolymph enhance final recombinant protein production, as it was observed by the increased amounts of VP6 and VP7, which were measured by the semi-quantitative western blot method. In conclusion, hemolymph medium supplementation can be a promising strategy to improve cell viability and productivity of recombinant protein in BEVS/IC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L A Vieira
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologia/Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica IBET/ITQB -UNL, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
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