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Xu T, Xiong T, Xie W, Wu J, Liu X, Li G, Lv Y, Li L, Yang Z, Wang H, Liu D, Chen R. Construction and Evaluation of the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Replication-Deficient Human Adenovirus-5 Expressing Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus F Protein and Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP2 Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1051. [PMID: 37376440 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) are two key infectious diseases that significantly threaten the health of the poultry industry. Although existing vaccinations can effectively prevent and treat these two diseases through multiple immunizations, frequent immunization stresses significantly impact chicken growth. In this study, three recombinant adenoviruses, rAd5-F expressing the NDV (genotype VII) F protein, rAd5-VP2 expressing the IBDV VP2 protein, and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F co-expressing F and VP2 proteins, were constructed using the AdEasy system. The F and VP2 genes of the recombinant adenoviruses could be transcribed and expressed normally in HEK293A cells as verified by RT-PCR and Western blot. The three recombinant viruses were shown to have similar growth kinetics as rAd5-EGFP. Compared with the PBS and rAd5-EGFP groups, SPF chickens immunized with recombinant adenoviruses produced higher antibody levels, more significant lymphocyte proliferation, and significantly higher CD4+/CD3+ and CD8+/CD3+ cells in peripheral blood. The survival rate of SPF chickens immunized with rAd5-F and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F after the challenge with DHN3 was 100%, and 86% of SPF chickens showed no viral shedding at 7 dpc. The survival rate of SPF chickens immunized with rAd5-VP2 and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F after the challenge with BC6/85 was 86%. rAd5-VP2 and rAd5-VP2-F2A-F significantly inhibited bursal atrophy and pathological changes compared to the rAd5-EGFP and PBS groups. This study provides evidence that these recombinant adenoviruses have the potential to be developed into safe and effective vaccine candidates for the prevention and control of ND and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenting Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guimin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yadi Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Linyu Li
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Zekun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dingxiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioproducts Development for Animal Epidemic Prevention, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhaoqing 526238, China
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory of Biotechnology R&D of Veterinary Biologics, Zhaoqing 526238, China
- Zhaoqing Dahuanong Biology Medicine Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526238, China
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Jin Z, Wei Q, Bi Y, Li Y, Huo N, Mou S, Wang W, Liu H, Yang Z, Chen H, Xiao S. Identification of a potential neutralizing linear epitope of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase in Newcastle disease virus. Virol J 2021; 18:8. [PMID: 33407693 PMCID: PMC7789432 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major antigen that can induce protective antibodies in poultry. However, its antigenic epitopes have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, defining the linear epitopes of HN, especially neutralizing epitopes, will be useful for revealing its antigenic characterization. METHODS In this study, we analyzed B-cell immunodominant epitopes (IDEs) of the HN protein from the vaccine strain LaSota using pepscan technology with LaSota-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. We constructed IDEs-RFP plasmids and prepared anti-IDEs peptide mouse sera to identify IDEs through immunological tests. At last, the different diluted anti-IDE antisera were used in BHK-21 cells to perform the neutralization test. RESULTS Five IDEs of the HN were screened and further verified by indirect immunofluorescence assays, dot blots and Western blots with NDV- and IDEs-specific antisera. All five IDEs showed good immunogenicity. IDE5 (328-342 aa) could recognize only class II NDV but did not react with the class I strain. Most of the IDEs are highly conserved among the different strains. A neutralization test in vitro showed that the peptide-specific mouse antisera of IDE4 (242-256 aa) and HN341-355, a reported neutralizing linear epitope, could partially neutralize avirulent LaSota as well as virulent strains at similar levels, suggesting that IDE4 might be a potential neutralizing linear epitope. CONCLUSION The HN protein is a major protective antigen of NDV that can induce neutralizing antibodies in animals. We identified five IDEs of the HN using a pepscan approach with NDV-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. The five IDEs could elicit specific antibodies in mice. IDE4 (242-256 aa) was identified as a novel potential neutralizing linear epitope. These results will help elucidate the antigenic epitopes of the HN and facilitate the development of NDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaolin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Youkun Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Sujing Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Cytoplasmic Cargo Receptor p62 Inhibits Avibirnavirus Replication by Mediating Autophagic Degradation of Viral Protein VP2. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01255-20. [PMID: 32967959 PMCID: PMC7925189 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01255-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Avibirnavirus causes severe immunosuppression and mortality in young chickens. VP2, the capsid protein of avibirnavirus, is responsible for virus assembly, maturation, and replication. Previous study showed that avibirnavirus particles could be engulfed into the autophagosome and degradation of virus particles took apart. Selective autophagy is a highly specific and regulated degradation pathway for the clearance of damaged or unwanted cytosolic components and superfluous organelles as well as invading microbes. However, whether and how selective autophagy removes avibirnavirus capsids is largely unknown. Here, we have shown that selective autophagy specifically clears ubiquitinated avibirnavirus protein VP2 by p62 recognition and that p62 is an inhibitor of avibirnavirus replication, highlighting the role of p62 as a potential drug target for mediating the removal of ubiquitinated virus components from cells. Selective autophagy regulates the degradation of cytoplasmic cargos, such as damaged organelles, invading pathogens, and aggregated proteins. Furthermore, autophagy is capable of degrading avibirnavirus, but the mechanism responsible for this process is unclear. Here, we show that autophagy cargo receptor p62 regulates the degradation of the avibirnavirus capsid protein VP2. Binding of p62 to VP2 enhances autophagic induction and promotes autophagic degradation of viral protein VP2. Further study showed that the interaction of p62 with viral protein VP2 is dependent on ubiquitination at the K411 site of VP2 and the ubiquitin-associated domain of p62. Mutation analysis showed that the K411R mutation of viral protein VP2 prohibits its p62-mediated degradation. Consistent with this finding, p62 lacking the ubiquitin-associated domain or the LC3-interacting region no longer promoted the degradation of VP2. Virus production revealed that the knockout of p62 but not the overexpression of p62 promotes the replication of avibirnavirus. Collectively, our findings suggest that p62 mediates selective autophagic degradation of avibirnavirus protein VP2 in a ubiquitin-dependent manner and is an inhibitor of avibirnavirus replication. IMPORTANCE Avibirnavirus causes severe immunosuppression and mortality in young chickens. VP2, the capsid protein of avibirnavirus, is responsible for virus assembly, maturation, and replication. Previous study showed that avibirnavirus particles could be engulfed into the autophagosome and degradation of virus particles took apart. Selective autophagy is a highly specific and regulated degradation pathway for the clearance of damaged or unwanted cytosolic components and superfluous organelles as well as invading microbes. However, whether and how selective autophagy removes avibirnavirus capsids is largely unknown. Here, we have shown that selective autophagy specifically clears ubiquitinated avibirnavirus protein VP2 by p62 recognition and that p62 is an inhibitor of avibirnavirus replication, highlighting the role of p62 as a potential drug target for mediating the removal of ubiquitinated virus components from cells.
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Shahar E, Haddas R, Goldenberg D, Lublin A, Bloch I, Bachner Hinenzon N, Pitcovski J. Newcastle disease virus: is an updated attenuated vaccine needed? Avian Pathol 2018; 47:467-478. [PMID: 29897786 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1488240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major cause of infectious mortality and morbidity in poultry worldwide. It is an enveloped virus with two outer-membrane proteins-haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion protein (F)-that induce neutralizing antibodies. All NDV strains belong to one serotype. Yet, NDV vaccines, derived from genotype II, do not fully prevent infection or shedding of viruses from other genotypes. The aim of this study was to test if an updated vaccine is required. For this purpose, NDVs isolated from infected, albeit heavily vaccinated, flocks were genetically and immunologically characterized. Amino acid differences in F and HN protein sequences were identified between the vaccine strain and each of the isolates, some specifically at the neutralization sites. Whereas all tested isolates showed similar haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres, 100-100,000 times higher antibody-to-virus ratios were needed to neutralize viral propagation in embryos by the field isolates versus the vaccine strain. As a result, a model and an equation were developed to explain the phenomenon of escape in one-serotype viruses and to calculate the HI values needed for protection, depending on variation rate at key positions. In conclusion, to confer full protection against NDVs that differ from the vaccine strain at the neutralizing epitopes, very high levels of antibodies should be raised and maintained to compensate for the reduction in the number of effective epitopes; alternatively, an adjusted attenuated vaccine should be developed-a task made possible in the current era of reverse vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Shahar
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
| | - Ruth Haddas
- b Division of Avian Diseases , Kimron Veterinary Institute , Bet-Dagan , Israel
| | - Dana Goldenberg
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
| | - Avishai Lublin
- b Division of Avian Diseases , Kimron Veterinary Institute , Bet-Dagan , Israel
| | - Itai Bloch
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
| | | | - Jacob Pitcovski
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel.,c Department of Biotechnology , Tel-Hai Academic College , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
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Dimitrov KM, Afonso CL, Yu Q, Miller PJ. Newcastle disease vaccines-A solved problem or a continuous challenge? Vet Microbiol 2016; 206:126-136. [PMID: 28024856 PMCID: PMC7131810 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) has been defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as infection of poultry with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Lesions affecting the neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive systems are most often observed. The control of ND must include strict biosecurity that prevents virulent NDV from contacting poultry, and also proper administration of efficacious vaccines. When administered correctly to healthy birds, ND vaccines formulated with NDV of low virulence or viral-vectored vaccines that express the NDV fusion protein are able to prevent clinical disease and mortality in chickens upon infection with virulent NDV. Live and inactivated vaccines have been widely used since the 1950's. Recombinant and antigenically matched vaccines have been adopted recently in some countries, and many other vaccine approaches have been only evaluated experimentally. Despite decades of research and development towards formulation of an optimal ND vaccine, improvements are still needed. Impediments to prevent outbreaks include uneven vaccine application when using mass administration techniques in larger commercial settings, the difficulties associated with vaccinating free-roaming, multi-age birds of village flocks, and difficulties maintaining the cold chain to preserve the thermo-labile antigens in the vaccines. Incomplete or improper immunization often results in the disease and death of poultry after infection with virulent NDV. Another cause of decreased vaccine efficacy is the existence of antibodies (including maternal) in birds, which can neutralize the vaccine and thereby reduce the effectiveness of ND vaccines. In this review, a historical perspective, summary of the current situation for ND and NDV strains, and a review of traditional and experimental ND vaccines are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiril M Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Patti J Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA/ARS, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Mosley YYC, Wu CC, Lin TL. Infectious bursal disease virus as a replication-incompetent viral vector expressing green fluorescent protein. Arch Virol 2016; 162:23-32. [PMID: 27659678 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been established as a replication-competent viral vector capable of carrying an epitope at multiple loci in the genome. To enhance the safety and increase the insertion capacity of IBDV as a vector, a replication-incompetent IBDV vector was developed in the present study. The feasibility of replacing one of the viral gene loci, including pvp2, vp3, vp1, or the polyprotein vp243, with the sequence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was explored. A method combining TCID50 and immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) determined the most feasible locus for gene replacement to be pvp2. The genomic segment containing gfp at the pvp2 locus was able to be encapsidated into IBDV particles. Furthermore, the expression of GFP in GFP-IBDV infected cells was confirmed by Western blotting and GFP-IBDV particles showed similar morphology and size to that of wildtype IBDV by electron microscopy. By providing the deleted protein in trans in a packaging cell line (pVP2-DF1), replication-incompetent GFP-IBDV particles were successfully plaque-quantified. The gfp sequence from the plaque-forming GFP-IBDV in pVP2-DF1 was confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. To our knowledge, GFP-IBDV developed in the present study is the first replication-incompetent IBDV vector which expresses a foreign protein in infected cells without the capability to produce viral progeny. Additionally, such replication-incompetent IBDV vectors could serve as bivalent vaccine vectors for conferring protection against infections with IBDV and other economically important, or zoonotic, avian pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yi C Mosley
- ADDL, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 406 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2065, USA
| | - Ching Ching Wu
- ADDL, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 406 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2065, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsang Long Lin
- ADDL, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 406 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2065, USA.
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Construction and immunological evaluation of recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing HN of Newcastle disease virus and DC- targeting peptide fusion protein. J Biotechnol 2015; 216:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hornyák Á, Lipinski KS, Bakonyi T, Forgách P, Horváth E, Farsang A, Hedley SJ, Palya V, Bakács T, Kovesdi I. Effective multiple oral administration of reverse genetics engineered infectious bursal disease virus in mice in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. J Gene Med 2015; 17:116-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Hornyák
- National Food Chain Safety Office; Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Bakonyi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science; Szent István University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Petra Forgách
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science; Szent István University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Ernő Horváth
- National Food Chain Safety Office; Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Susan J. Hedley
- VectorLogics, Inc.; Birmingham AL USA
- Present address: Meridian Life Science, Inc.; Memphis TN USA
| | | | | | - Imre Kovesdi
- HepC Ltd; Budapest Hungary
- ImiGene, Inc.; Rockville MD USA
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