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Kosanovich JL, Eichinger KM, Lipp MA, Gidwani SV, Brahmbhatt D, Yondola MA, Chi DH, Perkins TN, Empey KM. Lung ILC2s are activated in BALB/c mice born to immunized mothers despite complete protection against respiratory syncytial virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374818. [PMID: 38827738 PMCID: PMC11140082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated lung ILC2s produce large quantities of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production following respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV). The current understanding of ILC2 activation during RSV infection, is that ILC2s are activated by alarmins, including IL-33, released from airway epithelial cells in response to viral-mediated damage. Thus, high levels of RSV neutralizing maternal antibody generated from maternal immunization would be expected to reduce IL-33 production and mitigate ILC2 activation. Here we report that lung ILC2s from mice born to RSV-immunized dams become activated despite undetectable RSV replication. We also report, for the first time, expression of activating and inhibitory Fcgamma receptors on ILC2s that are differentially expressed in offspring born to immunized versus unimmunized dams. Alternatively, ex vivo IL-33-mediated activation of ILC2s was mitigated following the addition of antibody: antigen immune complexes. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of Fcgamma receptor ligation by immune complexes as an alternative mechanism of ILC2 regulation in RSV-associated eosinophilic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Kosanovich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Eichinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Madeline A. Lipp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - David H. Chi
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Timothy N. Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kerry M. Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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2
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Kosanovich JL, Eichinger KM, Lipp MA, Gidwani SV, Brahmbhatt D, Yondola MA, Perkins TN, Empey KM. Exacerbated lung inflammation following secondary RSV exposure is CD4+ T cell-dependent and is not mitigated in infant BALB/c mice born to PreF-vaccinated dams. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206026. [PMID: 37646035 PMCID: PMC10461110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of childhood hospitalizations due to bronchiolitis in children under 5 years of age. Moreover, severe RSV disease requiring hospitalization is associated with the subsequent development of wheezing and asthma. Due to the young age in which viral protection is needed and risk of vaccine enhanced disease following direct infant vaccination, current approaches aim to protect young children through maternal immunization strategies that boost neutralizing maternal antibody (matAb) levels. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the influence of maternal immunization on secondary immune responses to RSV in the offspring or whether the subsequent development of wheezing and asthma is mitigated. Toward this goal, our lab developed a murine model of maternal RSV vaccination and repeat RSV exposure to evaluate the changes in immune response and development of exacerbated lung inflammation on secondary RSV exposure in mice born to immunized dams. Despite complete protection following primary RSV exposure, offspring born to pre-fusion F (PreF)-vaccinated dams had exaggerated secondary ILC2 and Th2 responses, characterized by enhanced production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. These enhanced type 2 cellular responses were associated with exaggerated airway eosinophilia and mucus hyperproduction upon re-exposure to RSV. Importantly, depletion of CD4+ T cells led to complete amelioration of the observed type 2 pathology on secondary RSV exposure. These unanticipated results highlight the need for additional studies that look beyond primary protection to better understand how maternal immunization shapes subsequent immune responses to repeat RSV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Kosanovich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Eichinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Madeline A. Lipp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Timothy N. Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kerry M. Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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3
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Blanco JCG, Cullen LM, Kamali A, Sylla FYD, Boukhvalova MS, Morrison TG. Evolution of protection after maternal immunization for respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009856. [PMID: 34941963 PMCID: PMC8741018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibodies acquired by the fetus through the placenta protect neonates from RSV disease through the first weeks of life. In the cotton rat model of RSV infections, we previously reported that immunization of dams during pregnancy with virus-like particles assembled with mutation stabilized pre-fusion F protein as well as the wild type G protein resulted in robust protection of their offspring from RSV challenge. Here we describe the durability of those protective responses in dams, the durability of protection in offspring, and the transfer of that protection to offspring of two consecutive pregnancies without a second boost immunization. We report that four weeks after birth, offspring of the first pregnancy were significantly protected from RSV replication in both lungs and nasal tissues after RSV challenge, but protection was reduced in pups at 6 weeks after birth. However, the overall protection of offspring of the second pregnancy was considerably reduced, even at four weeks of age. This drop in protection occurred even though the levels of total anti-pre-F IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in dams remained at similar, high levels before and after the second pregnancy. The results are consistent with an evolution of antibody properties in dams to populations less efficiently transferred to offspring or the less efficient transfer of antibodies in elderly dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C. G. Blanco
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lori M. Cullen
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts United States of America
| | - Arash Kamali
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Trudy G. Morrison
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts United States of America
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4
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Eichinger KM, Kosanovich JL, Lipp M, Empey KM, Petrovsky N. Strategies for active and passive pediatric RSV immunization. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2021; 9:2515135520981516. [PMID: 33623860 PMCID: PMC7879001 DOI: 10.1177/2515135520981516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide, with the most severe disease occurring in very young infants. Despite half a century of research there still are no licensed RSV vaccines. Difficulties in RSV vaccine development stem from a number of factors, including: (a) a very short time frame between birth and first RSV exposure; (b) interfering effects of maternal antibodies; and (c) differentially regulated immune responses in infants causing a marked T helper 2 (Th2) immune bias. This review seeks to provide an age-specific understanding of RSV immunity critical to the development of a successful pediatric RSV vaccine. Historical and future approaches to the prevention of infant RSV are reviewed, including passive protection using monoclonal antibodies or maternal immunization strategies versus active infant immunization using pre-fusion forms of RSV F protein antigens formulated with novel adjuvants such as Advax that avoid excess Th2 immune polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Eichinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L. Kosanovich
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madeline Lipp
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kerry M. Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia and Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, SA 5046, Australia
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5
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Jung YJ, Lee YN, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jeeva S, Park BR, Kang SM. Recombinant Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Expressing Conserved G-Protein Domain in a Chimeric Hemagglutinin Molecule Induces G-Specific Antibodies and Confers Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040716. [PMID: 33271920 PMCID: PMC7711863 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a licensed vaccine platform in humans and it is known to induce broader immune responses. RSV G attachment proteins mediate virus binding to the target cells and they contain a conserved central domain with neutralizing epitopes. Here, we generated recombinant LAIV based on the attenuated A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus backbone, expressing an RSV conserved G-domain in a chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) fusion molecule (HA-G). The attenuated phenotypes of chimeric HA-G LAIV were evident by restricted replication in the upper respiratory tract and low temperature growth characteristics. The immunization of mice with chimeric HA-G LAIV induced significant increases in G-protein specific IgG2a (T helper type 1) and IgG antibody-secreting cell responses in lung, bronchioalveolar fluid, bone marrow, and spleens after RSV challenge. Vaccine-enhanced disease that is typically caused by inactivated-RSV vaccination was not observed in chimeric HA-G LAIV as analyzed by lung histopathology. These results in this study suggest a new approach of developing an RSV vaccine candidate while using recombinant LAIV, potentially conferring protection against influenza virus and RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo 39660, Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Subbiah Jeeva
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Eichinger KM, Kosanovich JL, Lipp MA, Perkins TN, Petrovsky N, Marshall C, Yondola MA, Empey KM. Maternal immunization with adjuvanted RSV prefusion F protein effectively protects offspring from RSV challenge and alters innate and T cell immunity. Vaccine 2020; 38:7885-7891. [PMID: 33129608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) commonly causes severe respiratory tract infections in infants, peaking between 2 and 6 months of age; an age at which direct vaccination is unlikely to be effective. Maternal immunization can deliver high levels of antibodies to newborns, providing immediate protection. Following natural infection, antibodies targeting the prefusion conformation of RSV F protein (PreF) have the greatest neutralizing capacity and thus, may provide infants with a high degree of RSV protection when acquired through maternal vaccination. However, the influence of anti-PreF maternal antibodies on infant immunity following RSV exposure has not been elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, offspring born to dams immunized with a RSV PreF vaccine formulation were challenged with RSV and their immune responses were analyzed over time. These studies demonstrated safety and efficacy for RSV-challenged, maternally-immunized offspring but high and waning maternal antibody levels were associated with differential innate and T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Eichinger
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica L Kosanovich
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madeline A Lipp
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy N Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | | | | | - Kerry M Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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7
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Kwon YM, Lee Y, Kim KH, Jung YJ, Li Z, Jeeva S, Lee S, Moore ML, Kang SM. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of unique prefusion-mimic F proteins presented on enveloped virus-like particles. Vaccine 2019; 37:6656-6664. [PMID: 31542260 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pre-fusion stabilizing mutations (DS-Cav1) in soluble fusion (F) proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were previously reported. Here we investigated the antigenic and immunogenic properties of pre-fusion like RSV F proteins on enveloped virus-like particles (VLP). Additional mutations were introduced to DS-Cav1 (F-dcmTM VLP); fusion peptide deletion and cleavage mutation site 1 (F1d-dcmTM VLP) or both sites (F12d-dcmTM VLP). F1d-dcmTM VLP and F12d-dcmTM VLP displayed higher reactivity against pre-fusion specific site Ø and antigenic site I and II specific monoclonal antibodies, compared to F-dcmTM VLP with DS-Cav1 only. Mice immunized with F1d-dcmTM VLP and F12d-dcmTM VLP induced higher levels of DS-Cav1 pre-fusion specific IgG antibodies, RSV neutralizing activity titers, and effective lung viral clearance after challenge. These results suggest that cleavage site mutations and fusion peptide deletion in addition to DS-Cav1 mutations have contributed to structural stabilization of pre-fusion like F conformation on enveloped VLP, capable of inducing high levels of pre-fusion F specific and RSV neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ki Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Subbiah Jeeva
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Loubet
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Olivia Anselem
- AP-HP, Maternité Port-Royal, Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
- DHU Risk in pregnancy, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Odile Launay
- Inserm, F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Paris, France
- Inserm, CIC 1417, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Département de maladies infectieuses, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Paris, France
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9
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Vermillion MS, Klein SL. Pregnancy and infection: using disease pathogenesis to inform vaccine strategy. NPJ Vaccines 2018; 3:6. [PMID: 29423318 PMCID: PMC5794984 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the mainstay of preventative medicine for many infectious diseases. Pregnant women, unborn fetuses, and neonates represent three at-risk populations that can be simultaneously protected by strategic vaccination protocols. Because the pathogenesis of different infectious microbes varies based on tissue tropism, timing of infection, and host susceptibility, the goals of immunization are not uniform across all vaccines. Mechanistic understanding of infectious disease pathogenesis and immune responses is therefore essential to inform vaccine design and the implementation of appropriate immunization protocols that optimize protection of pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S. Vermillion
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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10
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Virus-like particle vaccine primes immune responses preventing inactivated-virus vaccine-enhanced disease against respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 2017; 511:142-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Heath PT, Culley FJ, Jones CE, Kampmann B, Le Doare K, Nunes MC, Sadarangani M, Chaudhry Z, Baker CJ, Openshaw PJM. Group B streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus immunisation during pregnancy: a landscape analysis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:e223-e234. [PMID: 28433702 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Group B streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus are leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. No licensed vaccines are available for either disease, but vaccines for both are under development. Severe respiratory syncytial virus disease can be prevented by passively administered antibody. The presence of maternal IgG antibody specific to respiratory syncytial virus is associated with reduced prevalence and severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease in the first few weeks of life, whereas maternal serotype-specific anticapsular antibody is associated with protection against both early-onset and late-onset group B streptococcus disease. Therefore, vaccination in pregnancy might protect infants against both diseases. This report describes what is known about immune protection against group B streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus, identifies knowledge gaps regarding the immunobiology of both diseases, and aims to prioritise research directions in maternal immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Heath
- Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Fiona J Culley
- Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine E Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council Unit, Serrekunda, The Gambia
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marta C Nunes
- Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zain Chaudhry
- Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carol J Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Blanco JCG, Pletneva LM, Otoa RO, Patel MC, Vogel SN, Boukhvalova MS. Preclinical assessment of safety of maternal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in cotton rats. Vaccine 2017. [PMID: 28624306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal immunization directed to control RSV infection in newborns and infants is an appealing vaccination strategy currently under development. In this work we have modeled maternal vaccination against RSV in cotton rats (CR) to answer two fundamental questions on maternal vaccine safety. We tested (i), whether a known, unsafe RSV vaccine (i.e., FI-RSV Lot 100 vaccine) induces vaccine enhanced disease in the presence of passively transferred, RSV maternal immunity, and (ii) whether the same FI-RSV vaccine could induce vaccine enhanced disease in CR litters when used to immunize their RSV-primed mothers. Our data show that FI-RSV immunization of pups with subsequent RSV infection results in vaccine-enhanced disease independent of whether the pups were born to RSV-seropositive or RSV-seronegative mothers, and that FI-RSV immunization of RSV-seropositive mothers does not present a health risk to either the mother or the infant. Our study also raises a novel concern regarding infant immunization, namely that "safe" RSV vaccines (e.g., live RSV administered intramuscularly) may induce vaccine-enhanced disease in RSV-infected pups born to seropositive mothers. Finally, we describe for the first time a sharp decrease in RSV neutralizing antibody titers in immunized seropositive CR at the time of delivery. This decline may reflect maternal immune suppression, potentially pinpointing a window of increased vulnerability to RSV infection that could be alleviated by effective immunization of expectant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C G Blanco
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| | - Lioubov M Pletneva
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Raymonde O Otoa
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Mira C Patel
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Marina S Boukhvalova
- Sigmovir Biosystems Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
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13
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Ko EJ, Lee YT, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kang T, Kang SM. Roles of Aluminum Hydroxide and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants in Overcoming CD4+ T Cell Deficiency To Induce Isotype-Switched IgG Antibody Responses and Protection by T-Dependent Influenza Vaccine. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:279-291. [PMID: 27881702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvant effects in the CD4-deficient condition largely remain unknown. We investigated the roles of combined monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and aluminum hydroxide (Alum) adjuvant (MPL+Alum) in inducing immunity after immunization of CD4 knockout (CD4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with T-dependent influenza vaccine. MPL+Alum adjuvant mediated IgG isotype-switched Abs, IgG-secreting cell responses, and protection in CD4KO mice, which were comparable to those in WT mice. In contrast, Alum adjuvant effects were dependent on CD4+ T cells. MPL+Alum adjuvant was effective in recruiting monocytes and neutrophils as well as in protecting macrophages from Alum-mediated cell loss at the injection site in CD4KO mice. MPL+Alum appeared to attenuate MPL-induced inflammatory responses in WT mice, likely improving the safety. Additional studies in CD4-depleted WT mice and MHC class II KO mice suggest that MHC class II+ APCs contribute to providing alternative B cell help in the CD4-deficient condition in the context of MPL+Alum-adjuvanted vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeuk Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
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14
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Victor JR. Allergen-specific IgG as a mediator of allergy inhibition: Lessons from mother to child. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 13:507-513. [PMID: 27808600 PMCID: PMC5360138 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1244592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific IgG produced by immune mothers is associated with less predisposition to allergy development in their children. This finding has been described by several groups over the last few decades, but the mechanisms by which maternal IgG can inhibit allergy development are still not fully understood. With the purpose of summarizing past investigations, we review the literature on murine models of maternal immunization with allergens and on immune regulation in humans after passive therapy with purified IgG. Based on our review, a new hypothesis about these mechanisms is presented, which may provide a foundation for the future development of therapies to inhibit allergy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Russo Victor
- a Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology , Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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15
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Chandler JD, Hu X, Ko EJ, Park S, Lee YT, Orr M, Fernandes J, Uppal K, Kang SM, Jones DP, Go YM. Metabolic pathways of lung inflammation revealed by high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) of H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R906-R916. [PMID: 27558316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a significant health concern worldwide. Viral infection induces local and systemic activation of the immune system causing attendant changes in metabolism. High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) uses advanced mass spectrometry and computational methods to measure thousands of metabolites inclusive of most metabolic pathways. We used HRM to identify metabolic pathways and clusters of association related to inflammatory cytokines in lungs of mice with H1N1 influenza virus infection. Infected mice showed progressive weight loss, decreased lung function, and severe lung inflammation with elevated cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ] and increased oxidative stress via cysteine oxidation. HRM showed prominent effects of influenza virus infection on tryptophan and other amino acids, and widespread effects on pathways including purines, pyrimidines, fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids. A metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) of the aforementioned inflammatory cytokines was used to determine the relationship of metabolic responses to inflammation during infection. This cytokine-MWAS (cMWAS) showed that metabolic associations consisted of distinct and shared clusters of 396 metabolites highly correlated with inflammatory cytokines. Strong negative associations of selected glycosphingolipid, linoleate, and tryptophan metabolites with IFN-γ contrasted strong positive associations of glycosphingolipid and bile acid metabolites with IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 had strong positive associations with vitamin D, purine, and vitamin E metabolism. The detailed metabolic interactions with cytokines indicate that targeted metabolic interventions may be useful during life-threatening crises related to severe acute infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chandler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | | | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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16
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Alum Adjuvant Enhances Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus but Exacerbates Pulmonary Inflammation by Modulating Multiple Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139916. [PMID: 26468884 PMCID: PMC4607166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is well-known for inducing vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease after vaccination of young children with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) in alum formulation. Here, we investigated alum adjuvant effects on protection and disease after FI-RSV immunization with or without alum in comparison with live RSV reinfections. Despite viral clearance, live RSV reinfections caused weight loss and substantial pulmonary inflammation probably due to high levels of RSV specific IFN-γ+IL4-, IFN-γ-TNF-α+, IFN-γ+TNF-α- effector CD4 and CD8 T cells. Alum adjuvant significantly improved protection as evidenced by effective viral clearance compared to unadjuvanted FI-RSV. However, in contrast to unadjuvanted FI-RSV, alum-adjuvanted FI-RSV (FI-RSV-A) induced severe vaccine-enhanced RSV disease including weight loss, eosinophilia, and lung histopathology. Alum adjuvant in the FI-RSV-A was found to be mainly responsible for inducing high levels of RSV-specific IFN-γ-IL4+, IFN-γ-TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-4 as well as B220+ plasmacytoid and CD4+ dendritic cells, and inhibiting the induction of IFN-γ+CD8 T cells. This study suggests that alum adjuvant in FI-RSV vaccines increases immunogenicity and viral clearance but also induces atypical T helper CD4+ T cells and multiple inflammatory dendritic cell subsets responsible for vaccine-enhanced severe RSV disease.
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17
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Rivera CA, Gómez RS, Díaz RA, Céspedes PF, Espinoza JA, González PA, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Novel therapies and vaccines against the human respiratory syncytial virus. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1613-30. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1099626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Containing the F Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Confers Protection without Pulmonary Disease by Modulating Specific Subsets of Dendritic Cells and Effector T Cells. J Virol 2015; 89:11692-705. [PMID: 26355098 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02018-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is no licensed vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) since the failure of formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) due to its vaccine-enhanced disease. We investigated immune correlates conferring protection without causing disease after intranasal immunization with virus-like particle vaccine containing the RSV fusion protein (F VLP) in comparison to FI-RSV and live RSV. Upon RSV challenge, FI-RSV immune mice showed severe weight loss, eosinophilia, and histopathology, and RSV reinfection also caused substantial RSV disease despite their viral clearance. In contrast, F VLP immune mice showed least weight loss and no sign of histopathology and eosinophilia. High levels of interleukin-4-positive (IL-4(+)) and tumor necrosis factor alpha-positive (TNF-α(+)) CD4(+) T cells were found in FI-RSV immune mice, whereas gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ(+)) and TNF-α(+) CD4(+) T cells were predominantly detected in live RSV-infected mice. More importantly, in contrast to FI-RSV and live RSV that induced higher levels of CD11b(+) dendritic cells, F VLP immunization induced CD8α(+) and CD103(+) dendritic cells, as well as F-specific IFN-γ(+) and TNF-α(+) CD8(+) T cells. These results suggest that F VLP can induce protection without causing pulmonary RSV disease by inducing RSV neutralizing antibodies, as well as modulating specific subsets of dendritic cells and CD8 T cell immunity. IMPORTANCE It has been a difficult challenge to develop an effective and safe vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of respiratory disease. Immune correlates conferring protection but preventing vaccine-enhanced disease remain poorly understood. RSV F virus-like particle (VLP) would be an efficient vaccine platform conferring protection. Here, we investigated the protective immune correlates without causing disease after intranasal immunization with RSV F VLP in comparison to FI-RSV and live RSV. In addition to inducing RSV neutralizing antibodies responsible for clearing lung viral loads, we show that modulation of specific subsets of dendritic cells and CD8 T cells producing T helper type 1 cytokines are important immune correlates conferring protection but not causing vaccine-enhanced disease.
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19
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Lee YN, Hwang HS, Kim MC, Lee YT, Lee JS, Moore ML, Kang SM. Recombinant influenza virus expressing a fusion protein neutralizing epitope of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) confers protection without vaccine-enhanced RSV disease. Antiviral Res 2015; 115:1-8. [PMID: 25513755 PMCID: PMC4323669 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis in both children and the elderly. There is no vaccine available for the prevention of RSV infection. Here, we generated recombinant influenza virus (PR8/RSV.HA-F) expressing an RSV F243-294 neutralizing epitope in the hemagglutinin (HA) as a chimeric protein. Neutralizing antibodies specific for both RSV and influenza virus were induced by a single intranasal immunization of mice with PR8/RSV.HA-F. Mice that were immunized with PR8/RSV.HA-F were protected against RSV infection comparable with live RSV as evidenced by significant reduction of RSV lung viral loads, as well as the absence of lung eosinophilia and RSV-specific cellular immune responses. In contrast, formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized mice showed severe disease and high cellular immune responses in lungs after RSV infection. These findings support a concept that recombinant influenza virus carrying the RSV F243-294 neutralizing epitope can be developed as a promising RSV vaccine candidate which induces protective neutralizing antibodies but avoids lung immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Martin L Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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20
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Lee YN, Suk Hwang H, Kim MC, Lee YT, Cho MK, Kwon YM, Seok Lee J, Plemper RK, Kang SM. Recombinant influenza virus carrying the conserved domain of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein confers protection against RSV without inflammatory disease. Virology 2014; 476:217-225. [PMID: 25553517 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes for viral lower respiratory tract disease in humans. There is no licensed RSV vaccine. Here, we generated recombinant influenza viruses (PR8/RSV.HA-G) carrying the chimeric constructs of hemagglutinin (HA) and central conserved-domains of the RSV G protein. PR8/RSV.HA-G virus showed lower pathogenicity without compromising immunogenicity in mice. Single intranasal inoculation of mice with PR8/RSV.HA-G induced IgG2a isotype dominant antibodies and RSV neutralizing activity. Mice with single intranasal inoculation of PR8/RSV.HA-G were protected against RSV infection as evidenced by significant reduction of lung viral loads to a detection limit upon RSV challenge. PR8/RSV.HA-G inoculation of mice did not induce pulmonary eosinophilia and inflammation upon RSV infection. These findings support a concept that recombinant influenza viruses carrying the RSV G conserved-domain can be developed as a promising RSV vaccine candidate without pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do 404-170, South Korea
| | - Richard K Plemper
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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21
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Sharma A, Wendland R, Sung B, Wu W, Grunwald T, Worgall S. Maternal immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus expressing RSV fusion protein protects against neonatal RSV pulmonary infection. Vaccine 2014; 32:5761-8. [PMID: 25171847 PMCID: PMC4713013 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease with high morbidity and mortality in young infants and children. Despite numerous efforts, a licensed vaccine against RSV remains elusive. Since young infants form the primary target group of RSV disease, maternal immunization to boost the protection in neonates is an attractive strategy. In this study we tested the efficacy of maternal immunization with a chimpanzee adenovirus expressing codon-optimized RSV fusion protein (AdC7-Fsyn) to protect infants against RSV infection. Single intranasal immunization of mice by AdC7-Fsyn induced robust anti-RSV systemic and mucosal immunity that protected against RSV without causing vaccine-enhanced RSV disease. RSV humoral immunity was transferred to pups born to immunized mothers that provided protection against RSV. Immunization with AdC7-Fsyn was effective even in the presence of Ad5 preimmunity. The maternally derived immunity was durable with the half-life of 14.63 days that reduced the viral replication up to 15 weeks of age. Notably, the passively immunized mice could be actively re-immunized with AdC7-Fsyn to boost and extend the protection. This substantiates maternal immunization with an AdC7-based vaccine expressing RSV F as feasible approach to protect against RSV early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Wendland
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Biin Sung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wenzhu Wu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
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22
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Gomez RS, Guisle-Marsollier I, Bohmwald K, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Respiratory Syncytial Virus: pathology, therapeutic drugs and prophylaxis. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:237-47. [PMID: 25268876 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract diseases, affecting particularly newborns and young children. This virus is able to modulate the immune response, generating a pro-inflammatory environment in the airways that causes obstruction and pulmonary alterations in the infected host. To date, no vaccines are available for human use and the first vaccine that reached clinical trials produced an enhanced hRSV-associated pathology 50 years ago, resulting in the death of two children. Currently, only two therapeutic approaches have been used to treat hRSV infection in high risk children: 1. Palivizumab, a humanized antibody against the F glycoprotein that reduces to half the number of hospitalized cases and 2. Ribavirin, which fails to have a significant therapeutic effect. A major caveat for these approaches is their high economical cost, which highlights the need of new and affordable therapeutic or prophylactic tools to treat or prevents hRSV infection. Accordingly, several efforts are in progress to understand the hRSV-associated pathology and to characterize the immune response elicited by this virus. Currently, preclinical and clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate safety and efficacy of several drugs and vaccines, which have shown promising results. In this article, we discuss the most important advances in the development of drugs and vaccines, which could eventually lead to better strategies to treat or prevent the detrimental inflammation triggered by hRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto S Gomez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France
| | | | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Chile; Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.
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23
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Lee JS, Kwon YM, Hwang HS, Lee YN, Ko EJ, Yoo SE, Kim MC, Kim KH, Cho MK, Lee YT, Lee YR, Quan FS, Kang SM. Baculovirus-expressed virus-like particle vaccine in combination with DNA encoding the fusion protein confers protection against respiratory syncytial virus. Vaccine 2014; 32:5866-74. [PMID: 25173478 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major viral agent causing significant morbidity and mortality in young infants and the elderly. There is no licensed vaccine against RSV and it is a high priority to develop a safe RSV vaccine. We determined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of combined virus-like particle and DNA vaccines presenting RSV glycoproteins (Fd.VLP) in comparison with formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV). Immunization of mice with Fd.VLP induced higher ratios of IgG2a/IgG1 antibody responses compared to those with FI-RSV. Upon live RSV challenge, Fd.VLP and FI-RSV vaccines were similarly effective in clearing lung viral loads. However, FI-RSV immunized mice showed a substantial weight loss and high levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines as well as extensive lung histopathology and eosinophil infiltration. In contrast, Fd.VLP immunized mice did not exhibit Th2 type cytokines locally and systemically, which might contribute to preventing vaccine-associated RSV lung disease. These results indicate that virus-like particles in combination with DNA vaccines represent a potential approach for developing a safe and effective RSV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Si-Eun Yoo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min Kyoung Cho
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - You Ri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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