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Zhang M, Xu D, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu L, Gao N, Feng C, Guo W, Ma S. Screening of a new candidate coxsackievirus B1 vaccine strain based on its biological characteristics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172349. [PMID: 37502400 PMCID: PMC10369069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) is one of the significant pathogens causing viral myocarditis, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and aseptic meningitis, and it has been associated with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). No effective antiviral drugs against CVB1 infection or preventive vaccines are available. Due to the success of two inactivated vaccines against enterovirus 71 and poliovirus, an inactivated Vero cell-based CVB1 vaccine could be developed. In this study, we isolated a high-growth CVB1 virus strain KM7 in Vero cells and developed a Vero-adapted vaccine candidate strain KM7-X29 via three rounds of plaque purification and serial passages. The KM7-X29 strain was grouped into the GII sub-genotype, which belonged to the Chinese epidemic strain and grew to a titer of more than 107 CCID50/ml in Vero cells. The inactivated CVB1 vaccine produced by the KM7-X29 strain induced an effective neutralizing antibody response in BALB/c mice, and maternal antibodies were able to provide a 100% protective effect against lethal challenges with a CVB1 strain in suckling BALB/c mice. Thus, the KM7-X29 strain might be used as a new candidate coxsackievirus B1 vaccine strain. The neonatal murine model of CVB1 infection will contribute to the development of the CVB1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Danhan Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Lilan Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Changzeng Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
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Wang LC, Tsai HP, Chen SH, Wang SM. Therapeutics for fulminant hepatitis caused by enteroviruses in neonates. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014823. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal infection with nonpolio enteroviruses (EVs) causes nonspecific febrile illnesses and even life-threatening multiorgan failure. Hepatitis, which often results in hepatic necrosis followed by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, is one of the most severe and frequent fatal neonatal EV infection complications. Coxsackievirus B (CVB) 1–5 and many echoviruses have been most commonly identified. Neonatal EV infection treatment has usually involved initial supportive care. Studies for CVB and echovirus infection treatments were developed for more than thirty years. Intravenous immunoglobulin and pleconaril therapy was performed in some clinical trials. Additionally, other studies demonstrated antiviral and/or anti-inflammatory pathogenesis mechanisms of neonatal EV hepatitis in in vitro or in vivo models. These treatments represented promising options for the clinical practice of neonatal EV hepatitis. However, further investigation is needed to elucidate the whole therapeutic potential and safety problems.
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Grazia Martina M, Vicenti I, Bauer L, Crespan E, Rango E, Boccuto A, Olivieri N, Incerti M, Zwaagstra M, Allodi M, Bertoni S, Dreassi E, Zazzi M, van Kuppeveld FJM, Maga G, Radi M. Bithiazole Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase (PI4KIIIβ) as Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Blocking the Replication of SARS-CoV-2, Zika Virus, and Human Rhinoviruses. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3548-3552. [PMID: 34382337 PMCID: PMC8427023 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over half a century since the description of the first antiviral drug, "old" re-emerging viruses and "new" emerging viruses still represent a serious threat to global health. Their high mutation rate and rapid selection of resistance toward common antiviral drugs, together with the increasing number of co-infections, make the war against viruses quite challenging. Herein we report a host-targeted approach, based on the inhibition of the lipid kinase PI4KIIIβ, as a promising strategy for inhibiting the replication of multiple viruses hijacking this protein. We show that bithiazole inhibitors of PI4KIIIβ block the replication of human rhinoviruses (hRV), Zika virus (ZIKV) and SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar and sub-micromolar concentrations. However, while the anti-hRV/ZIKV activity can be directly linked to PI4KIIIβ inhibition, the role of PI4KIIIβ in SARS-CoV-2 entry/replication is debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Martina
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vicenti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Current address: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Rango
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.,Current address: Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adele Boccuto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Incerti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Marleen Zwaagstra
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marika Allodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Consecutive alternating administration as an effective anti-coxsackievirus B3 in vivo treatment scheme. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1869-1875. [PMID: 33877422 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy is generally indicated for treatment of enterovirus infections, antivirals are currently not used in clinical practice. The use of monotherapy is the main reason for this unfavourable state. This is related to the fact that enterovirus progeny consist of innumerable quasispecies, allowing the virus to develop drug resistance quickly. Here, we present a consecutive alternating administration (CAA) treatment scheme for combining enterovirus inhibitors. Applying the CAA approach with a combination of pleconaril (capsid binder), guanidine HCl (viral 2C inhibitor), and oxoglaucine (PI4KB inhibitor) (PGO) was found to be effective in the treatment of newborn mice infected with a massive inoculum (20 MLD50) of the coxsackievirus B3 cardiotropic Woodruff or neurotropic Nancy strain. In addition to preventing drug resistance, the CAA approach resulted in the parallel development of increased susceptibility to the compounds in the PGO combination. These observations demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the CAA approach for treatment of enterovirus infections.
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Anasir MI, Zarif F, Poh CL. Antivirals blocking entry of enteroviruses and therapeutic potential. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:10. [PMID: 33451326 PMCID: PMC7811253 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses from the genus Enterovirus (EV) of the Picornaviridae family are known to cause diseases such as hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), respiratory diseases, encephalitis and myocarditis. The capsid of EV is an attractive target for the development of direct-acting small molecules that can interfere with viral entry. Some of the capsid binders have been evaluated in clinical trials but the majority have failed due to insufficient efficacy or unacceptable off-target effects. Furthermore, most of the capsid binders exhibited a low barrier to resistance. Alternatively, host-targeting inhibitors such as peptides derived from the capsid of EV that can recognize cellular receptors have been identified. However, the majority of these peptides displayed low anti-EV potency (µM range) as compared to the potency of small molecule compounds (nM range). Nonetheless, the development of anti-EV peptides is warranted as they may complement the small-molecules in a drug combination strategy to treat EVs. Lastly, structure-based approach to design antiviral peptides should be utilized to unearth potent anti-EV peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Zarif
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Stoyanova A, Galabov AS. Effect of Consecutive Alternating Administration of a Triple Combination of Anti-Enteroviral Compounds in Mice Infected with Coxsackievirus B3. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5935069. [PMID: 33090201 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach for treatment of enterovirus infections was characterized. Application of treatment course of consecutive alternating administration (CAA) of triple combination of enterovirus replication inhibitors in experimental infections (20 MLD50) with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) strains in newborn mice is presented. It was established that in infection with cardiotropic Woodruff strain the combination of pleconaril, МDL-860 and oxoglaucine (PMO) subjected to the CAA scheme, a significant protective effect was observed. Monotherapeutic courses as well as simultaneously daily applied PMO were without effect. Analogous data were observed at experimental infection with the neurotriopic Nancy strain of CVB3. Following IC50 values of virus samples taken every day from target organs of infected animals during the whole period of study, a drug-resistance was established in monotherapy with compounds-partners in the PMO combination. At courses by the treatment scheme CAA of PMO development of drug-resistance was not established, but an increased susceptibility to the effect of the inhibitor-components in the combination was proven. Toxicity of PMO applied via the CAA scheme and in the monotherapeutic courses in both healthy and CVB3 infected animals was recorded. All data obtained prove the potential of the CAA treatment scheme for development of effective chemotherapy of enterovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Stoyanova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 26, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bulgaria
| | - Angel S Galabov
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 26, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Street, Bulgaria
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Grozdanov P, Joffret ML, Stoyanova A, Polston P, Achouri E, Nikolova I, Delpeyroux F, Galabov AS. Genome analysis of coxsackievirus B1 isolates during the consecutive alternating administration course of triple antiviral combination in newborn mice. Antivir Chem Chemother 2020; 28:2040206620906061. [PMID: 32041425 PMCID: PMC7013111 DOI: 10.1177/2040206620906061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a new approach for the treatment of enterovirus infections, the consecutive alternating administration (CAA) of a combination of enterovirus inhibitors. On the model of coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) in mice, two phenomena were observed: absence of drug resistance and increased susceptibility to the antivirals. This study aims to clarify the genetic basis of these phenomena. Methods Brain samples from CVB1-infected mice subjected to a CAA course with the combination pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine were used for viral RNA extraction and next generation sequencing. In parallel, samples from monotherapeutic courses of the three substances included in the combination were studied. Whole genome sequence analysis was carried out on all samples. Results Samples of pleconaril monotherapy showed mutations in 5′untranslated region, VP3, 2C, 3C and 2A regions of viral RNA, translated in amino acid substitution of the 2A protein. The MDL-860 course induced changes in CVB1 RNA in the VP3 and 2C regions. The oxoglaucine monotherapy samples showed RNA mutation and amino acid substitution in the VP1 region and nucleotide substitution in the 3D region. In the specimens taken from mice subjected to the CAA course with pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine, the following RNA mutations were established: 5′ untranslated region, 2A, and 2B, and amino acids substitutions in VP3 and 2A, which differ from those mentioned above. These changes could be the reason for the prevention of drug resistance development and also to be considered as the basis for the phenomenon of increased drug susceptibility. Conclusions The results reveal that the high anti-enteroviral efficacy of the CAA course is substantiated by the appearance of specific changes in the viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Grozdanov
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Adelina Stoyanova
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Patsy Polston
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emna Achouri
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
| | - Ivanka Nikolova
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Angel S Galabov
- Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of
Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Stoyanova A, Nikolova I, Pürstinger G, Dobrikov G, Dimitrov V, Philipov S, Galabov AS. Anti-enteroviral triple combination of viral replication inhibitors: activity against coxsackievirus B1 neuroinfection in mice. Antivir Chem Chemother 2016; 24:136-147. [PMID: 27815331 DOI: 10.1177/2040206616671571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is an important tool for controlling enterovirus infections, but clinically effective anti-enterovirus drugs do not currently exist, mainly due to the development of drug resistance. We investigated the combination effects of enterovirus replication inhibitors in order to limit this process. In previous studies, we showed the efficacy of consecutive alternating administration of the triple combinations disoxaril/guanidine/oxoglaucine and pleconaril/guanidine/oxoglaucine against coxsackievirus B1 infection in newborn mice. Drug sensitivity tests of the viral brain isolates showed that these drug combinations prevented the development of drug resistance. METHODS In the current study, we replaced guanidine-HCl with enteroviral RNA synthesis inhibitor MDL-860 to test the effect of a new triple combination-pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine-applied via consecutive alternating administration in newborn mice infected subcutaneously with 20 MLD50 of coxsackievirus B1. RESULTS The pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine combination via consecutive alternating administration showed high activity at the 75 mg/kg MDL-860 dose: a protective effect of 50% and a pronounced suppression of brain virus titers. Moreover, along with prevention of drug resistance, a phenomenon of increased drug sensitivity was established. MDL-860 sensitivity in pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine increased 8.2 times vs. placebo (29 times vs. monotherapy) on day 7 and oxoglaucine sensitivity-4.9 times vs. placebo (by 6.8 times vs. monotherapy) on day 13. As concerns pleconaril, a demonstrable prevention of drug resistance was registered without increase of drug sensitivity. Daily, simultaneous administration of pleconaril/MDL-860/oxoglaucine showed no protective effects and led to a rapid development of drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results add new support for using consecutive alternating administration treatment courses to achieve clinically effective chemotherapy of enterovirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Stoyanova
- 1 Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Nikolova
- 1 Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Georgi Dobrikov
- 3 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Dimitrov
- 3 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Philipov
- 3 Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Angel S Galabov
- 1 Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Abstract
Since the beginning of Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, poliomyelitis cases caused by wild poliovirus (PV) have been drastically reduced, with only 74 cases reported in 2 endemic countries in 2015. The current limited PV transmission suggests that we are in the endgame of the polio eradication program. However, specific challenges have emerged in the endgame, including tight budget, switching of the vaccines, and changes in biorisk management of PV. To overcome these challenges, several PV studies have been implemented in the eradication program. Some of the responses to the emerging challenges in the polio endgame might be valuable in other infectious diseases eradication programs. Here, I will review challenges that confront the polio eradication program and current research to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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