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Chung NH, Chen YC, Yang SJ, Lin YC, Dou HY, Hui-Ching Wang L, Liao CL, Chow YH. Induction of Th1 and Th2 in the protection against SARS-CoV-2 through mucosal delivery of an adenovirus vaccine expressing an engineered spike protein. Vaccine 2021; 40:574-586. [PMID: 34952759 PMCID: PMC8677488 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of recombinant human type 5 adenoviruses that express the full-length or membrane-truncated spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 (AdCoV2-S or AdCoV2-SdTM, respectively) was tested the efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 via intranasal (i.n.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization in a rodent model. Mucosal delivery of adenovirus (Ad) vaccines could induce anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA in the serum and in the mucosal, respectively as indicated by vaginal wash (vw) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG but not IgA in the vw and BALF was induced by AdCoV2-S s.c.. Administration of AdCoV2-S i.n. was able to induce higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibody levels than s.c. injection. AdCoV2-SdTM i.n. induced a lower antibody responses than AdCoV2-S i.n.. Induced anti-S antibody responses by AdCoV2-S via i.n. or s.c. were not influenced by the pre-existing serum anti-Ad antibody. Novelty, S-specific IgG1 which represented Th2-mediated humoral response was dominantly induced in Ad i.n.-immunized serum in contrast to more IgG2a which represented Th1-mediated cellular response found in Ad s.c.-immunized serum. The activation of S-specific IFN-ɣ and IL-4 in splenic Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively, was observed in the AdCoV2-S i.n. and s.c. groups, indicating the Th1 and Th2 immunity were activated. AdCoV2-S and AdCoV2-SdTM significantly prevented body weight loss and reduced pulmonary viral loads in hamsters. A reduction in inflammation in the lungs was observed in AdCoV-S via i.n. or s.c.-immunized hamsters following a SARS-CoV-2 challenge. It correlated to Th1 cytokine but no inflammatory cytokines secretions found in AdCoV-S i.n. -immunized BALF. These results indicate that intranasal delivery of AdCoV2-S vaccines is safe and potent at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hsiang Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Ju Yang
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yunn Dou
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Shao HY, Chen YC, Chung NH, Lu YJ, Chang CK, Yu SL, Liu CC, Chow YH. Maternal immunization with a recombinant adenovirus-expressing fusion protein protects neonatal cotton rats from respiratory syncytia virus infection by transferring antibodies via breast milk and placenta. Virology 2018; 521:181-189. [PMID: 29960921 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus that expresses a membrane-truncated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein (Ad-F0ΔTM) in newborns via maternal immunization (MI) of pregnant cotton rats. Intranasal Ad-F0ΔTM immunization was given to pregnant female rats, and MI-newborn rats were then challenged intranasally with RSV. Anti-RSV IgGs were observed in the serum of MI-newborn rats after birth. The pulmonary viral loads in Ad-F0ΔTM vs. control vector, Ad-LacZ, and MI-newborns on day 3 post-challenge were reduced by 4 log10/g lung. The neutralizing antibody remained for up to 3 weeks in the serum of MI-newborns, which is when weaning began. Ad-F0ΔTM protected MI-newborns from RSV challenge for 1 week. Vertical-transferred protective antibodies were examined in the breast milk and placenta as well. Finally, anti-RSV immunity was not boosted but was only primed during the next RSV exposure in Ad-F0ΔTM-MI-newborns. Maternal Ad-F0ΔTM immunization provides acute protection against RSV infection in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yun Shao
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ying-Chin Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC
| | - Nai-Hsiang Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC; Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Ju Lu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ching-Kun Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan ROC
| | - Shu-Ling Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chia-Chyi Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, Taiwan ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC.
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Rey-Jurado E, Kalergis AM. Immunological Features of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Caused Pneumonia-Implications for Vaccine Design. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E556. [PMID: 28273842 PMCID: PMC5372572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the causative agent for high rates of hospitalizations due to viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia worldwide. Such a disease is characterized by an infection of epithelial cells of the distal airways that leads to inflammation and subsequently to respiratory failure. Upon infection, different pattern recognition receptors recognize the virus and trigger the innate immune response against the hRSV. Further, T cell immunity plays an important role for virus clearance. Based on animal studies, it is thought that the host immune response to hRSV is based on a biased T helper (Th)-2 and Th17 T cell responses with the recruitment of T cells, neutrophils and eosinophils to the lung, causing inflammation and tissue damage. In contrast, human immunity against RSV has been shown to be more complex with no definitive T cell polarization profile. Nowadays, only a humanized monoclonal antibody, known as palivizumab, is available to protect against hRSV infection in high-risk infants. However, such treatment involves several injections at a significantly high cost. For these reasons, intense research has been focused on finding novel vaccines or therapies to prevent hRSV infection in the population. Here, we comprehensively review the recent literature relative to the immunological features during hRSV infection, as well as the new insights into preventing the disease caused by this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330644, Chile.
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330644, Chile.
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330644, Chile.
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