1
|
Icariin, Formononetin and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibit Feline Calicivirus Replication In Vitro. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2443-2450. [PMID: 34173062 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cats infected with feline calicivirus (FCV) often display oral ulcers and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, which can lead to death in severe cases. Antiviral therapy is one of the most effective ways to control FCV infection. Natural compounds in Chinese herbal medicines and medicinal plants provide abundant resources for research on antiviral drugs. In this study, we found that icariin (ICA), formononetin (FMN) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CPAE) show low cytotoxicity towards F81 cells, that the three natural compounds have apparent antiviral effects on FCV in vitro, and that they can inhibit different FCV strains. Then, we found that ICA and FMN mainly function in the early stage of FCV infection, while CAPE can function in both the early and late stages of FCV infection. Finally, we found that ICA has an antagonistic effect on FMN and CAPE in FCV infection, and FMN has a synergistic effect with CAPE against FCV infection. Our results showed that ICA, FMN and CAPE may be potential drug candidates for FCV-induced diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui Z, Li D, Xie Y, Wang K, Zhang Y, Li G, Zhang Q, Chen X, Teng Y, Zhao S, Shao J, Xingmeng F, Zhao Y, Du D, Guo Y, Huang H, Dong H, Hu G, Zhang S, Zhao Y. Nitazoxanide protects cats from feline calicivirus infection and acts synergistically with mizoribine in vitro. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104827. [PMID: 32579897 PMCID: PMC7306210 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes acute upper respiratory infections and oral disease in cats, thus seriously endangering feline health. Recently, there have been outbreaks of particularly virulent variant strains of FCV, which can cause both acute symptoms and fatal systemic disease. The discovery of effective antiviral agents to treat FCV infection is, therefore, gradually assuming increased importance. In this study, we showed that both nitazoxanide and mizoribine had antiviral activity in F81 cells infected with different strains of FCV and also demonstrated a synergistic effect between the two drugs. Experiments in cats challenged with FCV showed that nitazoxanide significantly reduced the clinical symptoms of FCV infection, reduced viral load in the trachea and lungs, and reduced viral shedding. Our results showed that nitazoxanide and mizoribine could potentially be used as therapeutic agents to treat FCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanding Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dengliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yinli Xie
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China
| | - Guohua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaoxueying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yue Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiang Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fan Xingmeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dongju Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guixue Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fumian TM, Tuipulotu DE, Netzler NE, Lun JH, Russo AG, Yan GJH, White PA. Potential Therapeutic Agents for Feline Calicivirus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080433. [PMID: 30115859 PMCID: PMC6116245 DOI: 10.3390/v10080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a major cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats, with widespread distribution in the feline population. Recently, virulent systemic diseases caused by FCV infection has been associated with mortality rates up to 50%. Currently, there are no direct-acting antivirals approved for the treatment of FCV infection. Here, we tested 15 compounds from different antiviral classes against FCV using in vitro protein and cell culture assays. After the expression of FCV protease-polymerase protein, we established two in vitro assays to assess the inhibitory activity of compounds directly against the FCV protease or polymerase. Using this recombinant enzyme, we identified quercetagetin and PPNDS as inhibitors of FCV polymerase activity (IC50 values of 2.8 μM and 2.7 μM, respectively). We also demonstrate the inhibition of FCV protease activity by GC376 (IC50 of 18 µM). Using cell culture assays, PPNDS, quercetagetin and GC376 did not display antivirals effects, however, we identified nitazoxanide and 2′-C-methylcytidine (2CMC) as potent inhibitors of FCV replication, with EC50 values in the low micromolar range (0.6 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively). In conclusion, we established two in vitro assays that will accelerate the research for FCV antivirals and can be used for the high-throughput screening of direct-acting antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulio M Fumian
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Natalie E Netzler
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jennifer H Lun
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Alice G Russo
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Grace J H Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Peter A White
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alfajaro MM, Cho EH, Park JG, Kim JY, Soliman M, Baek YB, Kang MI, Park SI, Cho KO. Feline calicivirus- and murine norovirus-induced COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway has proviral effects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200726. [PMID: 30021004 PMCID: PMC6051663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COXs)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling pathways are known to modulate a variety of homeostatic processes and are involved in various pathophysiological conditions. COXs/PGE2 signaling pathways have also been demonstrated to have proviral or antiviral effects, which appeared different even in the same virus family. A porcine sapovirus Cowden strain, a member of genus Sapovirus within the Caliciviridae family, induces strong COX-2/PGE2 but transient COX-1/PGE2 signaling to enhance virus replication. However, whether infections of other viruses in the different genera activate COXs/PGE2 signaling, and thus affect the replication of viruses, remains unknown. In the present study, infections of cells with the feline calicivirus (FCV) F9 strain in the genus Vesivirus and murine norovirus (MNV) CW-1 strain in the genus Norovirus only activated the COX-2/PGE2 signaling in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with pharmacological inhibitors or transfection of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against COX-2 enzyme significantly reduced the production of PGE2 as well as FCV and MNV replications. The inhibitory effects of these pharmacological inhibitors against COX-2 enzyme on the replication of both viruses were restored by the addition of PGE2. Silencing of COX-1 via siRNAs and inhibition of COX-1 via an inhibitor also decrease the production of PGE2 and replication of both viruses, which can be attributed to the inhibition COX-1/PGE2 signaling pathway. These data indicate that the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway has proviral effects for the replication of FCV and MNV, and pharmacological inhibitors against these enzymes serve as potential therapeutic candidates for treating FCV and MNV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hyo Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Bin Baek
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Il Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Oh Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|