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Villalobos-Sánchez E, García-Ruiz D, Camacho-Villegas TA, Canales-Aguirre AA, Gutiérrez-Ortega A, Muñoz-Medina JE, Elizondo-Quiroga DE. In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051155. [PMID: 37243241 DOI: 10.3390/v15051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has been spreading rapidly worldwide, creating a pandemic. This article describes the evaluation of the antiviral activity of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a molecule found in Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) leaves, against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. A 35 µM concentration of NDGA was not toxic to Vero cells and exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on the SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect, viral plaque formation, RNA replication, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The 50% effective concentration for NDGA was as low as 16.97 µM. Our results show that NDGA could be a promising therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erendira Villalobos-Sánchez
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center of Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Daniel García-Ruiz
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center of Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Tanya A Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT, Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center of Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center of Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Abel Gutiérrez-Ortega
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center of Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - José E Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguros Social, México City 27170, Mexico
| | - Darwin E Elizondo-Quiroga
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center of Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
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Martinez F, Ghietto LM, Lingua G, Mugas ML, Aguilar JJ, Gil P, Pisano MB, Marioni J, Paglini MG, Contigiani MS, Núñez-Montoya SC, Konigheim BS. New insights into the antiviral activity of nordihydroguaiaretic acid: Inhibition of dengue virus serotype 1 replication. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154424. [PMID: 36126544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is considered one of the most important pathogens in the world causing 390 million infections each year. Currently, the development of vaccines against DENV presents some shortcomings and there is no antiviral therapy available for its infection. An important challenge is that both treatments and vaccines must be effective against all four DENV serotypes. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), isolated from Larrea divaricata Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) has shown a significant inhibitory effect on a broad spectrum of viruses, including DENV serotypes 2 and 4. PURPOSE We evaluated the in vitro virucidal and antiviral activity of NDGA on DENV serotype 1 (DENV1), including the study of its mechanism of action, to provide more evidence on its antiviral activity. METHODS The viability of viral particles was quantified by the plaque-forming unit reduction method. NDGA effects on DENV1 genome and viral proteins were evaluated by qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Lysosomotropic activity was assayed using acridine orange and neutral red dyes. RESULTS NDGA showed in vitro virucidal and antiviral activity against DENV1. The antiviral effect would be effective within the first 2 h after viral internalization, when the uncoating process takes place. In addition, we determined by qPCR that NDGA decreases the amount of intracellular RNA of DENV1 and, by immunofluorescence, the number of cells infected. These results indicate that the antiviral effect of NDGA would have an intracellular mechanism of action, which is consistent with its ability to be incorporated into host cells. Considering the inhibitory activity of NDGA on the cellular lipid metabolism, we compared the antiviral effect of two inhibitors acting on two different pathways of this type of metabolism: 1) resveratrol that inhibits the sterol regulatory element of binding proteins, and 2) caffeic acid that inhibits the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme. Only caffeic acid produced an inhibitory effect on DENV1 infection. We studied the lysosomotropic activity of NDGA on host cells and found, for the first time, that this compound inhibited the acidification of cell vesicles which would prevent DENV1 uncoating process. CONCLUSION The present work contributes to the knowledge of NDGA activity on DENV. We describe its activity on DENV1, a serotype different to those that have been already reported. Moreover, we provide evidence on which stage/s of the viral replication cycle NDGA exerts its effects. We suggest that the mechanism of action of NDGA on DENV1 is related to its lysosomotropic effect, which inhibits the viral uncoating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Martinez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Lucia Maria Ghietto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lingua
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Laura Mugas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP, Córdoba X5016GCN, Argentina
| | - J Javier Aguilar
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Pedro Gil
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - M Belén Pisano
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Juliana Marioni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP, Córdoba X5016GCN, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Paglini
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta S Contigiani
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Susana C Núñez-Montoya
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1666. CP, Córdoba X5016GCN, Argentina.
| | - Brenda S Konigheim
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Cdad. Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Song G, Zhou Y, Niu S, Deng X, Qiu J, Li L, Wang J. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid reverses the antibacterial activity of colistin against MCR-1-positive bacteria in vivo/in vitro by inhibiting MCR-1 activity and injuring the bacterial cell membrane. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153946. [PMID: 35158237 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colistin (polymyxin E) is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of most multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, some bacteria, including bacterial spp. belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, have an acquired resistance against polymyxins, which is attributed to they possess plasmid-carried resistance genes (mcr-1 and its variants). So, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies to target broad spectrum resistant spp. from Enterobacteriaceae family in response to the loss of the protective barrier of last-line antibiotics. Here, we report the adjuvant capacity of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) for restoring the antibacterial activity of colistin against MCR-1-positive E. coli ZJ487 in vivo/in vitro. METHODS A checkerboard assay, time-killing analysis, isobolograms, growth curves and inducible resistance test showed the effect of NDGA combined with colistin in vitro. TLC was used to detect the inhibitory effect of NDGA on MCR-1. Colony determination and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were used to assess the synergistic effect of NDGA and colistin in mice. RESULTS Our results showed that NDGA in combination with colistin showed a synergistic bactericidal action without inducing resistance. NDGA directly inhibited MCR-1 activity and resulted in measurable injury to the bacterial cell membrane to recover the antibacterial effect of colistin. Most importantly, NDGA in combination with colistin exhibited an in vivo synergistic effect in murine peritonitis infection models, as evidenced by the survival rate of MCR-1-positive E. coli ZJ487-infected mice which increased from 6.67 to 50.0%. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that NDGA effectively rescues the efficiency of colistin against MCR-positive E. coli ZJ487 by simultaneously inhibiting both, the MCR activity and the injury to the cell membrane of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sen Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiazhang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Recombinant Porcine 12- Lipoxygenase Catalytic Domain: Effect of Inhibitors, Selectivity of Substrates and Specificity of Oxidation Products of Linoleic Acid. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070980. [PMID: 35407067 PMCID: PMC8997711 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX) is a major endogenous enzyme for the enzymatic oxidation of lipids during meat storage and meat product manufacturing. In the present work, some characteristics, i.e., effects of inhibitors, selectivity of substrates and specificity of oxidation products, were studied using recombinant porcine 12-lipoxygenase catalytic domain (12-LOXcd). Several familiar inhibitors were found inhibit the activity of recombinant porcine 12-LOXcd;nordihydroguaiaretic acid demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect. The enzyme could oxygenate common polyunsaturated fatty acids, and showed the highest affinity to linoleic acid (LA), followed by arachidonic acid (AA), linolenic acid (LN) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Under the action of porcine 12-LOXcd, LA was oxidized into four hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) isomers, i.e., 13-Z,E-HODE, 13-E,E-HODE, 9-Z,E-HODE and 9-E,E-HODE. Variation of pH not only affected the yield of LA oxidation products, but also the distribution of HODE isomers. These results indicated that endogenous LOX activity and LOX-catalyzed lipid oxidation can be regulated during meat storage and meat product manufacturing.
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