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Tang WD, Zhu WY, Tang HL, Zhao P, Zhao LJ. Engagement of AKT and ERK signaling pathways facilitates infection of human neuronal cells with West Nile virus. J Virus Erad 2024; 10:100368. [PMID: 38601702 PMCID: PMC11004658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important neurotropic virus that accounts for the emergence of human arboviral encephalitis and meningitis. The interaction of WNV with signaling pathways plays a key role in controlling WNV infection. We have investigated the roles of the AKT and ERK pathways in supporting WNV propagation and modulating the inflammatory response following WNV infection. WNV established a productive infection in neuronal cell lines originated from human and mouse. Expression of IL-11 and TNF-α was markedly up-regulated in the infected human neuronal cells, indicating elicitation of inflammation response upon WNV infection. WNV incubation rapidly activated signaling cascades of AKT (AKT-S6-4E-BP1) and ERK (MEK-ERK-p90RSK) pathways. Treatment with AKT inhibitor MK-2206 or MEK inhibitor U0126 abrogated WNV-induced AKT or ERK activation. Strong activation of AKT and ERK signaling pathways could be detectable at 24 h after WNV infection, while such activation was abolished at 48 h post infection. U0126 treatment or knockdown of ERK expression significantly increased WNV RNA levels and viral titers and efficiently decreased IL-11 production induced by WNV, suggesting the involvement of ERK pathway in WNV propagation and IL-11 induction. MK-2206 treatment enhanced WNV RNA replication accompanied with a moderate decrease in IL-11 production. These results demonstrate that engagement of AKT and ERK signaling pathways facilitates viral infection and may be implicated in WNV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Da Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yang Zhu
- The 16th Student Brigade, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
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Yao M, Cheng Z, Li X, Li Y, Ye W, Zhang H, Liu H, Zhang L, Lei Y, Zhang F, Lv X. N6-methyladenosine modification positively regulate Japanese encephalitis virus replication. Virol J 2024; 21:23. [PMID: 38243270 PMCID: PMC10799421 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is present in diverse viral RNA and plays important regulatory roles in virus replication and host antiviral innate immunity. However, the role of m6A in regulating JEV replication has not been investigated. Here, we show that the JEV genome contains m6A modification upon infection of mouse neuroblast cells (neuro2a). JEV infection results in a decrease in the expression of m6A writer METTL3 in mouse brain tissue. METTL3 knockdown by siRNA leads to a substantial decrease in JEV replication and the production of progeny viruses at 48 hpi. Mechanically, JEV triggered a considerable increase in the innate immune response of METTL3 knockdown neuro2a cells compared to the control cells. Our study has revealed the distinctive m6A signatures of both the virus and host in neuro2a cells infected with JEV, illustrating the positive role of m6A modification in JEV infection. Our study further enhances understanding of the role of m6A modification in Flaviviridae viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhirong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueyun Li
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuexiang Li
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingfeng Lei
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Microbiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Hafsia S, Barbar T, Wilkinson DA, Atyame C, Biscornet L, Bibi J, Louange M, Gedeon J, De Santis O, Flahault A, Cabie A, Bertolotti A, Mavingui P. Genetic characterization of dengue virus serotype 1 circulating in Reunion Island, 2019-2021, and the Seychelles, 2015-2016. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 37147570 PMCID: PMC10161969 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unprecedent increase in the number of cases and deaths reported from dengue virus (DENV) infection has occurred in the southwestern Indian ocean in recent years. From 2017 to mid-2021 more than 70,000 confirmed dengue cases were reported in Reunion Island, and 1967 cases were recorded in the Seychelles from 2015 to 2016. Both these outbreaks displayed similar trends, with the initial circulation of DENV-2 which was replaced by DENV-1. Here, we aim to determine the origin of the DENV-1 epidemic strains and to explore their genetic characteristics along the uninterrupted circulation, particularly in Reunion. METHODS Nucleic acids were extracted from blood samples collected from dengue positive patients; DENV-1 was identified by RT-qPCR. Positive samples were used to infect VERO cells. Genome sequences were obtained from either blood samples or infected-cell supernatants through a combination of both Illumina or MinION technologies. RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses of partial or whole genome sequences revealed that all DENV-1 sequences from Reunion formed a monophyletic cluster that belonged to genotype I and were closely related to one isolate from Sri Lanka (OL752439.1, 2020). Sequences from the Seychelles belonged to the same major phylogenetic branch of genotype V, but fell into two paraphyletic clusters, with greatest similarity for one cluster to 2016-2017 isolate from Bangladesh, Singapore and China, and for the other cluster to ancestral isolates from Singapore, dating back to 2012. Compared to publicly available DENV-1 genotype I sequences, fifteen non-synonymous mutations were identified in the Reunion strains, including one in the capsid and the others in nonstructural proteins (NS) (three in NS1, two in NS2B, one in NS3, one in NS4B, and seven in NS5). CONCLUSION In contrast to what was seen in previous outbreaks, recent DENV-1 outbreaks in Reunion and the Seychelles were caused by distinct genotypes, all likely originating from Asia where dengue is (hyper)endemic in many countries. Epidemic DENV-1 strains from Reunion harbored specific non-synonymous mutations whose biological significance needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hafsia
- UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion, CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Tatiana Barbar
- UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion, CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - David A Wilkinson
- UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion, CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Célestine Atyame
- UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion, CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Leon Biscornet
- Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Jastin Bibi
- Disease Surveillance and Response Unit, Epidemiology and Statistics Section, Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Meggy Louange
- Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Jude Gedeon
- Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Olga De Santis
- Institute of global health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of global health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - André Cabie
- CHU de Martinique, service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, INSERM, CHU de Martinique, PCCEI, Univ Montpellier, Univ Antilles, INSERM, EFS, CIC1424, Fort-de-France, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Bertolotti
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses - Dermatologie, CHU Réunion, INSERM CIC1410, Saint Pierre, Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion, CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Plateforme CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
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