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Pan X, Lin X, Zhang H, Liang L, Pang C, Gu K, Hu Y, Xi H. Rheological and radioactive decontamination properties of ethyl cellulose sols in green solvents at a temperature below 0 °C. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3659-3666. [PMID: 38268552 PMCID: PMC10805129 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06641j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Strippable film decontamination has been considered one of the best prospects for radioactive surface decontamination due to its high decontamination effect and less secondary pollution. However, research into strippable films has until now focused on radioactive decontamination at room temperature. Therefore, it is vital to seek a suitable degradable material for preparing strippable films in removing contaminants in an extremely cold region, as it will face the problem of the freezing of the detergent. Ethyl cellulose (EC) is a kind of degradable biopolymer which is easily dissolved in volatile green organic solvents to form a sol below 0 °C which is advantageous for forming a film. Therefore, it would be the best choice for preparing a strippable film detergent. In this study, EC sols were obtained by placing EC powder into the green solvents anhydrous ethanol and ethyl acetate. The steady and dynamic rheological behavior of EC sols was investigated with a rotary rheometer with the temperature ranging from -10 °C to 0 °C to disclose their spraying performance. Moreover, the radioactive decontamination effect of EC sols and the mechanism were also investigated. The results showed that the EC sols were pseudoplastic fluids which obeyed the Ostwald-de Waele power law below 0 °C. Furthermore, the viscosity of EC sols could be reduced by stirring, which is convenient for large-area spraying during decontamination below 0 °C. At -10 °C, the comprehensive decontamination rates of all plates were over 85%. Therefore, EC sols could be used as a basic material for strippable film decontamination below 0 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhai Pan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering 644005 Yibin Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
| | - Lili Liang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
| | - Chunxia Pang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering 644005 Yibin Sichuan China
| | - Kai Gu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology 621010 Mianyang Sichuan China
| | - Hailing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian 102205 Beijing China
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Yang HM, Kim SW, Kim HJ, Lee GE, Jang JY. Surface decontamination of radioactive cesium by a reversibly cross-linkable hydrogel using poly(vinyl alcohol) and phenylboronic acid-grafted poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-mono-sodium maleate). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139617. [PMID: 37495045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Wide-area surface decontamination is essential during the sudden release of radioisotopes to the public, such as nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks. A self-generated hydrogel comprising a reversible complex between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and phenylboronic acid-grafted poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-mono-sodium maleate) (PBA-g-PMVE-SM) was developed as a new surface decontamination coating agent to remove radioactive cesium from surfaces. The simultaneous application of PVA and PBA-g-PMVE-SM aqueous polymer solutions containing sulfur-zeolite to contaminated surfaces resulted in the spontaneous formation of a PBA-diol ester bond-based hydrogel. The sulfur-zeolite suspended in the hydrogel selectively removed 137Cs from the contaminated surface and was easily separated from the dissociable used hydrogel. This removal was performed by simple water rinsing without costly incineration to remove the organic materials for final disposal/storage of the radioactive waste, making it suitable for practical wide-area surface decontamination. In radioactive tests, the hydrogel containing sulfur-chabazite (S-CHA) showed substantial 137Cs removal efficiencies of 96.996% for painted cement and 63.404% for cement, which are 2.33 times better than the values for the commercial surface decontamination coating agent DeconGel. Due to its excellent zeolite ion-exchange ability, our hydrogel system has great potential for removing various hazardous contaminants, including radionuclides, from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea; Quantum Energy Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Jang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Mahrous SS, Borai EH, Mansy MS. Polymeric gel for surface decontamination of long-lived gamma and beta-emitting radionuclides. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 197:110834. [PMID: 37130468 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of strippable polymeric-gel solution based on a water-soluble polymer (PVA), plasticizing agent (glycerol), and chelating agent (8-Hydroxyquinoline) for the surface decontamination from 137Cs and 60Co was carried out. Decontamination of glass and PVC surfaces was investigated in the present study, as a function of various chelating agents, gel-layer thickness, and radioactivity level. The decontamination efficiency was up to 95% for both radionuclides after 24 h of contact time with the contaminated surface. The obtained results suggest that the decontamination process of 137Cs and 60Co by polymer gel is possible combined by two mechanisms: chemically and physically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Mahrous
- Environmental Radioactive Pollution Department, Hot Labs, and Waste Management Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Emad H Borai
- Analytical Chemistry and Control Department, Hot Labs and Waste Management Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad S Mansy
- Analytical Chemistry and Control Department, Hot Labs and Waste Management Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt; Radioactive Waste Management Unit, Hot Labs and Waste Management Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Xu X, Pan X, Li J, Li Z, Xie Y, Lin X. Radioactive decontamination in low-temperature environments by using a novel high-strength strippable coating. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136187. [PMID: 36041525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accidents involving nuclear leakage and radioactive source diffusion will result in a substantial amount of radioactive pollution, posing a threat to the world's environment as well as human safety. To get rid of the pollution, this work describes a new type of strippable detergent coating designed to remove radioactive contamination, especially in low-temperature conditions. In situ polymerization was employed to make EC/PUA/PVAc detergent from degradable ethyl cellulose (EC), tea polyphenols (TP), and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), and polytetramethylene ether glycol bis-para-aminobenzoate (P1000). The film-forming performance, decontamination efficiency, and mechanical properties of the decontamination coating formed by the detergent were studied. Designed to work in a low-temperature environment, the detergent can be sprayed and peeled to remove surface radioactive staining. A universal material testing machine was used to assess the low-temperature rheometry, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and other variables and to characterize the decontamination coating and the decontamination mechanism of the detergent. At -10-10 °C, the EC/PUA/PVAc detergent has good fluidity and sprayability and forms a strippable coating. The tensile strength of the decontamination coating can be as high as 26.4 MPa, and its 180° peel strength on ceramic tile, glass, stainless steel, cement, marble are 0.49 ± 0.08 N/m, 1.82 ± 0.41 N/m, 3.03 ± 1.65 N/m, 35.60 ± 1.17 N/m, 44.43 ± 4.10 N/m, respectively. The decontamination factors ranged from 3.32 to 10.02, with a decontamination rate above 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xunhai Pan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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Gossard A, Lilin A, Faure S. Gels, coatings and foams for radioactive surface decontamination: State of the art and challenges for the nuclear industry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2022.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pan X, Lin X, Xu X, Li J, Xi H. The synthesis, characterization and decontamination of surface radioactive contamination of ethyl cellulose/polyacrylate strippable detergent at low temperature. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xue Y, Yang W, Yue R, Chen Y. Aqueous Strippable Polymer Coating for Highly Efficient Primary Radioactive Uranium Decontamination with Versatility on Diversified Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091656. [PMID: 35566826 PMCID: PMC9100341 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The decontamination of radioactive materials on the surfaces of nuclear facilities has generated large quantities of waste from the rapid development of the nuclear industry, posing a potential threat globally. Strippable coating has been employed for some time to remove radioactive contamination due to its high performance and removability, flexibility, and compatibility with various substrates. Herein, an aqueous strippable coating based on an adsorbent/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer was developed to remove radioactive uranium from stainless-steel surfaces that showed greater decontamination than that of DeconGel, with an efficiency of 87.2% for 5 g/L uranium and 95.5% for 22.5 g/L uranium, along with a high repeatability and better mechanical properties. Furthermore, the prepared coating was versatile and could be applied to a range of substrate surfaces (lacquered, aluminum, glass, plastic, and ceramic), with outstanding performance ranging from 79.2 to 95.4% for 1 g/L uranium. The prepared coating could also be applied through brushing or spraying to horizontal or vertical substrates. The exceptional performance could be due to the synergistic effect of the introduction of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) as a chelating agent and the nano-adsorbent CaCO3/TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.X.); (W.Y.); (R.Y.)
| | - Wuxinchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.X.); (W.Y.); (R.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renliang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.X.); (W.Y.); (R.Y.)
| | - Yunfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-Phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.X.); (W.Y.); (R.Y.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8254-4894; Fax: +86-10-8254-4919
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A Sprayable and Visible Light Rapid-Cured Strippable Film for Surface Radioactive Decontamination. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051008. [PMID: 35267831 PMCID: PMC8912779 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Strippable film is effective for removing radioactive contamination. However, it still has some limitations, such as the long curing time (about 30 min~24 h) and the requirement of organic solvents. To address these issues, we report a simple protocol to prepare strippable decontamination films using liquid polybutadiene (LPB) and tert-butyl acrylate (TBA) as the raw materials without solvent and using camphorquinone/ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (CQ/EDB) as a photoinitiator, where the film was formed under household LED panel light or daylight irradiation for about 540 s. After a thorough study of viscosity, real-time Fourier transform infrared (RT-FTIR spectra), gel and volatile organic compound (VOC) contents, mechanical properties and decontamination efficiency, the optimum composition and curing conditions were determined for the decontamination strippable film. VOC content is as low as 12.7 ± 0.7% and the resultant strippable film exhibits good mechanical performances with a tensile strength of up to 5.4 ± 0.4 MPa and elongation of up to 66.6 ± 13%. Most important, the decontamination efficiencies of this strippable film for 133CsCl on glass, ceramic and metal surfaces reach up to 98.1%, 94.3% and 97.6%, respectively.
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Strippable coatings for radioactive contamination removal: a short review and perspectives. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang HM, Park CW, Lee KW. Enhanced surface decontamination of radioactive Cs by self-generated, strippable hydrogels based on reversible cross-linking. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 362:72-81. [PMID: 30236944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A self-generated, strippable hydrogel containing adsorbents was developed to remove the radioactive cesium from surfaces by adsorption for wide-area surface decontamination. Two aqueous polymeric solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and phenylboronic-acid-grafted alginate (PBA-Alg) were easily applied to surfaces and subsequently self-generated a hydrogel based on the PBA-diol ester bond. Compared to the strippable coating and chemical gels, the PBA-diol ester bond-based hydrogel was easily peeled off the surfaces without a drying step due to its high elasticity, which is more practical and time saving. The resulting hydrogel displayed high 137Cs removal efficiencies of 91.61% for painted cement, 97.505% for aluminum, 94.05% for stainless steel, and 53.5% for cement, which was 2.3 times higher than that of Decongel due to the presence of the adsorbent in the hydrogel having an excellent Cs distribution coefficient (3.34 × 104 mL/g). Moreover, the volume of radioactive waste generated after the surface decontamination could be reduced by a simple magnetic separation of the adsorbent from the used hydrogel, which can reduce the waste disposal cost. Therefore, our hydrogel system has great potential as a new, cost-effective surface decontaminant in various nuclear industry fields including wide-area environmental remediation after a nuclear accident or terrorist attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Kune-Woo Lee
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989-111 Daedukdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Polymeric coatings for surface decontamination and ecofriendly volume reduction of radioactive waste after use. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Polyvinyl alcohol-borate hydrogel containing Prussian blue for surface decontamination. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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