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Tweed EJ, Mackay DF, Boyd KA, Brown A, Byrne T, Conaglen P, Craig P, Demou E, Graham L, Leyland AH, McMeekin N, Pell JP, Sweeting H, Hunt K. Evaluation of a national smoke-free prisons policy using medication dispensing: an interrupted time-series analysis. Lancet Public Health 2021; 6:e795-e804. [PMID: 34537108 PMCID: PMC8554387 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, smoking prevalence among people in prison custody (ie, people on remand awaiting trial, awaiting sentencing, or serving a custodial sentence) is high. In Scotland, all prisons implemented a comprehensive smoke-free policy in 2018 after a 16-month anticipatory period. In this study, we aimed to use data on medication dispensing to assess the impact of this policy on cessation support, health outcomes, and potential unintended consequences among people in prison custody. METHODS We did an interrupted time-series analysis using dispensing data for 44 660 individuals incarcerated in 14 closed prisons in Scotland between March 30, 2014, and Nov 30, 2019. We estimated changes in dispensing rates associated with the policy announcement (July 17, 2017) and full implementation (Nov 30, 2018) using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models. Medication categories of primary interest were treatments for nicotine dependence (as an indicator of smoking cessation or abstinence attempts), acute smoking-associated illnesses, and mental health (antidepressants). We included antiepileptic medications as a negative control. FINDINGS A 44% step increase in dispensing of treatments for nicotine dependence was observed at implementation (2250 items per 1000 people in custody per fortnight, 95% CI 1875 to 2624) due primarily to a 42% increase in dispensing of nicotine replacement therapy (2109 items per 1000 people in custody per fortnight, 1701 to 2516). A 9% step decrease in dispensing for smoking-related illnesses was observed at implementation, largely accounted for by respiratory medications (-646 items per 1000 people in custody per fortnight, -1111 to -181). No changes associated with announcement or implementation were observed for mental health dispensing or antiepileptic medications (control). INTERPRETATION Smoke-free prison policies might improve respiratory health among people in custody and encourage smoking abstinence or cessation without apparent short-term adverse effects on mental health dispensing. FUNDING National Institute of Health Research Public Health Research programme, Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Tweed
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Daniel F Mackay
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathleen A Boyd
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ashley Brown
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Thomas Byrne
- NHS Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philip Conaglen
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Craig
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Evangelia Demou
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alastair H Leyland
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicola McMeekin
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Sweeting
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Baudin C, Lefèvre M, Babisch W, Cadum E, Champelovier P, Dimakopoulou K, Houthuijs D, Lambert J, Laumon B, Pershagen G, Stansfeld S, Velonaki V, Hansell AL, Evrard AS. The role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and medication use: results of a pooled-analysis from seven European countries. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:300. [PMID: 33546655 PMCID: PMC7866660 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have considered aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in analyses of the health effects of aircraft noise, especially in relation to medication use. This study aims to investigate the moderating and mediating role of these two factors in the relationship between aircraft noise levels and medication use among 5860 residents of ten European airports included in the HYENA and DEBATS studies. METHODS Information on aircraft noise annoyance, noise sensitivity, medication use, and demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle factors was collected during a face-to-face interview at home. Medication was coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Outdoor aircraft noise exposure was estimated by linking the participant's home address to noise contours using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methods. Logistic regressions with adjustment for potential confounding factors were used. In addition, Baron and Kenny's recommendations were followed to investigate the moderating and mediating effects of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity. RESULTS A significant association was found between aircraft noise levels at night and antihypertensive medication only in the UK (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.19-1.73 for a 10 dB(A)-increase in Lnight). No association was found with other medications. Aircraft noise annoyance was significantly associated with the use of antihypertensive medication (OR = 1.33, 95%CI 1.14-1.56), anxiolytics (OR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.08-2.05), hypnotics and sedatives (OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.07-2.39), and antasthmatics (OR = 1.44, 95%CI 1.07-1.96), with no difference between countries. Noise sensitivity was significantly associated with almost all medications, with the exception of the use of antasthmatics, showing an increase in ORs with the level of noise sensitivity, with differences in ORs among countries only for the use of antihypertensive medication. The results also suggested a mediating role of aircraft noise annoyance and a modifying role of both aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and medication use. CONCLUSIONS The present study is consistent with the results of the small number of studies available to date suggesting that both aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity should be taken into account in analyses of the health effects of exposure to aircraft noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Baudin
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon 1, Umrestte, UMR T_9405, Bron, France.,Now at: Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marie Lefèvre
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon 1, Umrestte, UMR T_9405, Bron, France.,Now at: Technical Agency for Information on Hospital Care, Lyon, France
| | - Wolfgang Babisch
- Currently retired (formerly Federal Environment Agency), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ennio Cadum
- Environmental Health Unit, Agency for Health Protection, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Danny Houthuijs
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Lambert
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, AME-DCM, Bron, France.,Currently retired, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Stansfeld
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Venetia Velonaki
- Nurses School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna L Hansell
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon 1, Umrestte, UMR T_9405, Bron, France.,Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Evrard
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lyon 1, Umrestte, UMR T_9405, Bron, France.
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Royé D, Figueiras A, Taracido M. Short-term effects of heat and cold on respiratory drug use. A time-series epidemiological study in A Coruña, Spain. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2018; 27:638-644. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Royé
- Department of Geography; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Geography; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Department of Public Health; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Margarita Taracido
- Department of Public Health; University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Santiago de Compostela Spain
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