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Xiao X, Xu J, Wang C, Jin Z, Qiang Yuan, Zhou L, Shan L. Porcine platelet lysates exert the efficacy of chondroregeneration and SMAD2-mediated anti-chondrofibrosis on knee osteoarthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111509. [PMID: 38262159 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of self-repairability in cartilage and the formation of fibrocartilage pose significant challenges in treating knee osteoarthritis, and there is still no ideal solution. Autologous platelet lysates have been clinically applied to treat kOA and exert satisfactory cartilage-repair efficacy, but the preparation of human PL brings damage to patients and is hardly standardized. METHODS In this study, porcine PL was developed to replace hPL, and its chondroregenerative and anti-chondrofibrosis effects were explored. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was applied to qualify the PL products. In vivo, partial-thickness cartilage defects were created on rats as a kOA model, and the von Frey test, histopathological observation, immunohistochemical analysis, and western blot analysis were conducted. In vitro, CCK-8 assay, real-time PCR analysis, immunofluorescence test, and WB analysis were conducted for the mechanism study of pPL. RESULTS The in vivo data showed that pPL significantly repaired the cartilage defect by improving matrix synthesis and also ameliorated the pain response in the kOA model of rats. In addition, pPL exerted an anti-fibrosis effect on cartilage by suppressing the expressions of COL1, COL3, α-SMA, VIMENTIN, SMAD2, p-SMAD2, and CTGF in cartilage. The in vitro data verified these effects and indicated that the SMAD2 pathway mediated the anti-fibrosis mechanism of pPL. Moreover, the comparable effects between pPL and rat PL indicate that there is no immune rejection from pPL. CONCLUSIONS This study firstly demonstrated the anti-kOA effects of pPL on both cartilage-repair and anti-chondrofibrosis. It developed pPL as a promising alternative to autologous PL for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiaan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhijiang Jin
- The 9th People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Letian Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Fuyang Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Cell Resource Bank and Integrated Cell Preparation Center of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou Regional Cell Preparation Center (Shangyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China.
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Ok MU, Şahin R, Balik MS, Okçu O. The healing effects of L-carnitine and spongostan on cartilage defect in rat model. Injury 2023; 54:111115. [PMID: 37867024 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine the effect of L-carnitine and spongostan on cartilage healing in an experimental animal model with a full-thickness cartilage defect. METHODS In the study 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups in equal numbers. A cartilage defect with a diameter of 1 mm and a depth of 3 mm was created in the femoral intercondylar region of rats in groups A, B, and C. Group A received no treatment in the defective area. Group B received treatment with spongostan. Group C received treatment with spongostan soaked in L-carnitine. Group D served as the healthy control group. The rats were euthanized 6 weeks after the treatment. Histological evaluation of the condyles was done with the modified Mankin scoring. RESULTS In the histopathological imaging of the cartilage structure, it was observed that in group A, there was complete disorganization and cellular structure was completely absent up to the subchondral bone. In group B, moderate structural improvement, partially intact appearance in border integrity and mostly diffuse hypercellularity were observed. In group C, a near-normal healing, a completely intact appearance in boundary integrities and normal or hypercellularity in cellular structure were observed. The total score of the modified Mankin decreases numerically from A to D. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the A-B (p = 0.176), C-D (p = 0.145), and C-B (p = 0.580) groups, while significant differences were detected between the A-C (p = 0.004), B-D (p = 0.007), and A-D (p = 0.000) groups. CONCLUSION It has been known that mitochondrial activity is reduced in the osteoarthritis, and as a result, decrease in cellular activity occurs with ATP synthesis. For this reason, we found that L-carnitine, which we expect to stimulate cell proliferation by stimulating ATP synthesis, makes a positive contribution to cartilage healing, as expected. It has been found that combining spongostan with L-carnitine for the treatment of cartilage healing, instead of applying spongostan alone, provides near-normal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Uğur Ok
- Department of Orthopaedia and Traumatology, Bismil State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Şahin
- Department of Orthopaedia and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Sabri Balik
- Department of Orthopaedia and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Okçu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Jiang T, Yang T, Bao Q, Sun W, Yang M, Mao C. Construction of tissue-customized hydrogels from cross-linkable materials for effective tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:4741-4758. [PMID: 34812829 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are prevalent scaffolds for tissue regeneration because of their hierarchical architectures along with outstanding biocompatibility and unique rheological and mechanical properties. For decades, researchers have found that many materials (natural, synthetic, or hybrid) can form hydrogels using different cross-linking strategies. Traditional strategies for fabricating hydrogels include physical, chemical, and enzymatical cross-linking methods. However, due to the diverse characteristics of different tissues/organs to be regenerated, tissue-customized hydrogels need to be developed through precisely controlled processes, making the manufacture of hydrogels reliant on novel cross-linking strategies. Thus, hybrid cross-linkable materials are proposed to tackle this challenge through hybrid cross-linking strategies. Here, different cross-linkable materials and their associated cross-linking strategies are summarized. From the perspective of the major characteristics of the target tissues/organs, we critically analyze how different cross-linking strategies are tailored to fit the regeneration of such tissues and organs. To further advance this field, more appropriate cross-linkable materials and cross-linking strategies should be investigated. In addition, some innovative technologies, such as 3D bioprinting, the internet of medical things (IoMT), and artificial intelligence (AI), are also proposed to improve the development of hydrogels for more efficient tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmeng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Weilian Sun
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China.
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Liu J, Lu Y, Xing F, Liang J, Wang Q, Fan Y, Zhang X. Cell-free scaffolds functionalized with bionic cartilage acellular matrix microspheres to enhance the microfracture treatment of articular cartilage defects. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1686-1697. [PMID: 33491727 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02616f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microfracture surgery remains the most popular treatment for articular cartilage lesions in the clinic, but often leads to the formation of inferior fibrocartilage tissue and damage to subchondral bone. To overcome these problems, extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from decellularized natural cartilaginous tissues were introduced and showed excellent biological properties to direct the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. However, besides the limited allogenic/allogenic supply and the risk of disease transfer from xenogeneic tissues, the effectiveness of ECM scaffolds always varied with a high variability of natural tissue quality. In this study, we developed composite scaffolds functionalized with a cell-derived ECM source, namely, bionic cartilage acellular matrix microspheres (BCAMMs), that support the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow cells released from microfracture. The scaffolds with BCAMMs at different developmental stages were investigated in articular cartilage regeneration and subchondral bone repair. Compared to microfracture, the addition of cell-free BCAMM scaffolds has demonstrated a great improvement of regenerated cartilage tissue quality in a rabbit model as characterized by a semi-quantitative analysis of cells, histology and biochemical assays as well as micro-CT images. Moreover, the variation in ECM properties was found to significantly affect the cartilage regeneration, highlighting the challenges of homogenous scaffolds in working with microfracture. Together, our results demonstrate that the biofunctionalized BCAMM scaffold with cell-derived ECM shows great potential to combine with microfracture for clinical translation to repair cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Shen Q, Li J, Chan D, Sandy JD, Takeuchi J, Ross RD, Plaas A. Effect of intra-articular hyaluronan injection on inflammation and bone remodeling in the epiphyses and metaphyses of the knee in a murine model of joint injury. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3280-3300. [PMID: 31312344 PMCID: PMC6614662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The TTR (transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) injection with treadmill running) model of murine joint injury was used to examine effects of intra-articular Hyaluronan (IA HA) on the metabolism of subchondral bone. HA was injected 24 h after TGFβ1 injection and its effects on the mRNA of 80 genes in the Nfkb pathway, and bone remodeling genes, Acp5, Nos2 and Arg1, in femoral and tibial epiphyses/metaphyses of injected and contralateral legs was assessed. Structural bone parameters at those sites were determined by Micro-computed tomography (micro CT) and bone remodeling cells identified with histochemistry for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and immunohistochemistry for Nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and Arginase 1. Gene expression responses in femoral compartments were generally inhibitory and notably biphasic whereas the tibia was relatively non-responsive. Gene expression was also altered in the contralateral femoral compartment but were predominantly activated. IA TGFb did not alter bone structure in the injected leg, but resulted in a statistically significant reduction (25-40%) in trabecular bone of the contralateral limb. IA HA did not affect such changes. This bone loss was associated with an acute decrease in transcript abundance for Acp5, Nos2, Arg1 and this decrease persisted for Nos2 and Arg1. In conclusion, the data illustrate that in this model, IA TGFβ1 injection results in marked biphasic changes in NfKb-regulated apoptosis, IL1 and IL12 pathways, which were transiently altered after IA HA therapy. The finding that all modulations are essentially restricted to the femoral compartment is consistent with the predominant localization and clearance of injected HA from this site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Deva Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy, NY, USA
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Medical Science Liaison Unit, Seikagaku CorporationTokyo, Japan
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA
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Xia C, Mei S, Gu C, Zheng L, Fang C, Shi Y, Wu K, Lu T, Jin Y, Lin X, Chen P. Decellularized cartilage as a prospective scaffold for cartilage repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:588-595. [PMID: 31029352 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage lacks self-healing capacity, and there is no effective therapy facilitating cartilage repair. Osteoarthritis (OA) due to cartilage defects represents large and increasing healthcare burdens worldwide. Nowadays, the generation of scaffolds to preserve bioactive factors and the biophysical environment has received increasing attention. Furthermore, improved decellularization technology has provided novel insights into OA treatment. This review provides a comparative account of different cartilage defect therapies. Furthermore, some recent effective decellularization protocols have been discussed. In particular, this review focuses on the decellularization ratio of each protocol. Moreover, these protocols were compared particularly on the basis of immunogenicity and mechanical functionality. Further, various recellularization methods have been enlisted and the reparative capacity of decellularized cartilage scaffolds is evaluated herein. The advantages and limitations of different recellularization processes have been described herein. This provides a basis for the generation of decellularized cartilage scaffolds, thereby potentially promoting the possibility of decellularization as a clinical therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenhui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, 5th Affiliated Hospital, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiling Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiwei Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tongtong Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
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