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Huang WC, Fan LH, Han ZJ, Niu YF. Enhancing safety in conditionally automated driving: Can more takeover request visual information make a difference in hazard scenarios with varied hazard visibility? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 205:107687. [PMID: 38943983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Autonomous driving technology has the potential to significantly reduce the number of traffic accidents. However, before achieving full automation, drivers still need to take control of the vehicle in complex and diverse scenarios that the autonomous driving system cannot handle. Therefore, appropriate takeover request (TOR) designs are necessary to enhance takeover performance and driving safety. This study focuses on takeover tasks in hazard scenarios with varied hazard visibility, which can be categorized as overt hazards and covert hazards. Through ergonomic experiments, the impact of TOR interface visual information, including takeover warning, hazard direction, and time to collision, on takeover performance is investigated, and specific analyses are conducted using eye-tracking data. The following conclusions are drawn from the experiments: (1) The visibility of hazards significantly affects takeover performance. (2) Providing more TOR visual information in hazards with different visibility has varying effects on drivers' visual attention allocation but can improve takeover performance. (3) More TOR visual information helps reduce takeover workload and increase human-machine trust. Based on these findings, this paper proposes the following TOR visual interface design strategies: (1) In overt hazard scenarios, only takeover warning is necessary, as additional visual information may distract drivers' attention. (2) In covert hazard scenarios, the TOR visual interface should better assist drivers in understanding the current hazard situation by providing information on hazard direction and time to collision to enhance takeover performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chi Huang
- Department of Industrial Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Han Fan
- Department of Industrial Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Jian Han
- Department of Industrial Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Feng Niu
- Department of Industrial Design, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Jiang Q, Leeabai N, Dilixiati D, Takahashi F. Perceptive preference toward recycling bin designs: Influential design item depending on waste type, the impact of past perception experiences on design preference, and the effect of color design on waste separation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 127:130-140. [PMID: 33933870 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient waste separation using recycling bins designed appropriately is promising for waste recycles. This study investigated recycling bin designs, in particular color and insert slot, and quantified perceptive preferences toward designs. This study hypothesized that design preference toward recycling bins is affected by past perceptions of recycling bin designs. Design categorization survey for 240 recycling bins used in public spaces shows that popular colors depend on design items and waste types. This study found that highly preferred colors were consistent with frequently used colors in certain design items, which was slot frame color for combustible and incombustible waste bins, and body color for PET bottle bins. Color preferences had statistically significant correlations with color usage rates (p = 0.009 for combustible waste bin, p = 0.032 for incombustible waste bin, and p = 0.012 for PET bottle bin, respectively). Although insert slot shape had moderate but significant correlations between slot shape preference and usage rate of slot shape (p = 0.002 or less for all recycling bins), the preference was mainly affected by slot largeness for combustible and incombustible waste bins. According to these results, this study concludes that the hypothesis was supported in particular for color preference. On the other hand, on-site experiments showed that the effect of only "impressive" color was too weak to improve waste separation. To encourage waste sorting using well-designed recycling bins, combination of preferred design items is necessary. Intensive usage of well-designed recycling bins for frequent perception opportunities is recommended as an environmental feedback to support sufficient design preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Jiang
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-13, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nattapon Leeabai
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-13, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Dilinazi Dilixiati
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-13, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Fumitake Takahashi
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-13, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
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Human–Machine Interface Design for Monitoring Safety Risks Associated with Operating Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Urban Areas. AEROSPACE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/aerospace8030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The envisioned introduction of autonomous Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) into low-altitude urban airspace necessitates high levels of system safety. Despite increased system autonomy, humans will most likely remain an essential component in assuring safety. This paper derives, applies, and evaluates a display design concept that aims to support safety risk monitoring of multiple sUAS by a human operator. The concept comprises of five design principles. The core idea of the concept is to limit display complexity despite increasing the number of sUAS monitored by primarily visualizing highly abstracted information while hiding detailed information of lower abstraction, unless specifically requested by the human operator. States of highly abstracted functions are visualized by function-specific icons that change hue in accordance to specified system states. Simultaneously, the design concept aims to support the human operator in identifying off-nominal situations by implementing design properties that guide visual attention. The display was evaluated in a study with seven subject matter experts. Although preliminary, the results clearly favor the proposed display design concept. The advantages of the proposed design concept are demonstrated, and the next steps for further exploring the proposed display design concept are outlined.
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Lin W, Lin J, Yang Y, Liao J, Chen W, Mo L. The difference in the warning effect of different warning signs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:890-900. [PMID: 33096970 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1840733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Warning signs play a very important role in safeguarding life and property in dangerous situations. Previous studies have mainly focused on the physical properties of warning signs, and few studies have been conducted on the different types. Methods. In Experiment 1, the oddball paradigm and the go/no-go paradigm were used to study the warning effect of different types of warning signs. In Experiment 2, the dual-task paradigm was adopted. Results. In Experiment 1, the results showed that a warning sign with text as content had the worst warning effect, followed by the combination of image and text, and a warning sign with an image as content had the best warning effect. In Experiment 2, it was found that different types of warning signs would have different effects on the performance of the secondary task. Conclusions. The reason for this may be the different processing methods used for text and image. Therefore, in dangerous situations that require a quick response, simple and understandable graphics should be used as the content of warning signs. In complex circumstances, it may be necessary to use a combination of image and text for warning sign content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences(South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Jingyuan Lin
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences(South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Jiejie Liao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences(South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences(South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences(South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
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A User Biology Preference Prediction Model Based on the Perceptual Evaluations of Designers for Biologically Inspired Design. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology provides a rich and novel source of inspiration for product design. An increasing number of industrial designers are gaining inspiration from nature, producing creative products by extracting, classifying, and reconstructing biological features. However, the current process of gaining biological inspiration is still limited by the prior knowledge and experience of designers, so it is necessary to investigate the designer’s perception of biological features. Herein, we investigate designer perceptions of bionic object features based on Kansei engineering, achieving a highly comprehensive structured expression of biological features forming five dimensions—Overall Feeling, Ability and Trait, Color and Texture, Apparent Tactile Sensation, and Structural Features—using factor analysis. Further, producing creative design solutions with a biologically inspired design (BID) has a risk of failing to meet user preferences and market needs. A user preference prediction support tool may address this bottleneck. We examine user preference by questionnaire and explore its association with the perceptual evaluation of designers, obtaining a user preference prediction model by conducting multiple linear regression analysis. This provides a statistical model for identifying the relative weighting of the perception dimensions of each designer in the user preference for an animal, giving the degree of contribution to the user preference. The experiment results show that the dimension “Overall Feeling” of the designer perception is positively correlated with the “like” level of the user preference and negatively correlated with the “dislike” level of the user preference, indicating that this prediction model bridges the gap caused by the asymmetry between designers and users by matching the designer perception and user preference. To a certain extent, this research solves the problems associated with the cognitive limitations of designers and the differences between designers and users, facilitating the use of biological features in product design and thereby enhancing the market importance of BID schemes.
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Feufel MA, Rauwolf G, Meier FC, Karapinar-Çarkit F, Heibges M. Heuristics for designing user-centric drug products: Lessons learned from Human Factors and Ergonomics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 86:1989-1999. [PMID: 31663157 PMCID: PMC7495287 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Even the most effective drug product may be used improperly and thus ultimately prove ineffective if it does not meet the perceptual, motor and cognitive capacities of its target users. Currently, no comprehensive guideline for systematically designing user‐centric drug products that would help prevent such limitations exists. We have compiled a list of approximate but nonetheless useful strategies—heuristics—for implementing a user‐centric design of drug products and drug product portfolios. First, we present a general heuristic for user‐centric design based on the framework of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E). Then we demonstrate how to implement this general heuristic for older drug users (i.e., patients and caregivers aged 65 years and older) and with respect to three specific challenges (use‐cases) of medication management: (A) knowing what drug product to take/administer, (B) knowing how and when to take/administer it, and (C) actually taking/administering it. The presented heuristics can be applied prospectively to include existing knowledge about user‐centric design at every step during drug discovery, pharmaceutical drug development, and pre‐clinical and clinical trials. After a product has been released to the market, the heuristics may guide a retrospective analysis of medication errors and barriers to product usage as a basis for iteratively optimizing both the drug product and its portfolio over their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A Feufel
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Rauwolf
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix C Meier
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maren Heibges
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Garrido MV, Prada M, Simão C, Semin GR. The Impact of Stimuli Color in Lexical Decision and Semantic Word Categorization Tasks. Cogn Sci 2019; 43:e12781. [DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marília Prada
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE‐IUL) CIS – IUL
| | - Cláudia Simão
- Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics Universidade Católica Portuguesa
| | - Gün R. Semin
- William James Center for Research ISPA‐Instituto Universitário
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Utrecht University
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Combining Users' Cognition Noise with Interactive Genetic Algorithms and Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers for Product Color Design. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 2019:1019749. [PMID: 31485215 PMCID: PMC6702847 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1019749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Product color plays a vital role in shaping brand style and affecting users' purchase decision. However, users' preferences about product color design schemes may vary due to their cognition differences. Although considering users' perception of product color has been widely performed by industrial designers, it is not effective to support this activity. In order to provide users with plentiful product color solutions as well as embody users' preference into product design process, involving users in interactive genetic algorithms (IGAs) is an effectual way to find optimum solutions. Nevertheless, cognition difference and uncertainty among users may lead to various understanding in line with IGA progressing. To address this issue, this study presents an advanced IGA by combining users' cognition noise which includes cognition phase, intermediate phase, and fatigue phase. Trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are employed to represent uncertainty of users' evaluations. An algorithm is designed to find key parameters through similarity calculation between RGB value and their area proportion of two individuals and users' judgment. The interactive product color design process is put forward with an instance by comparing with an ordinary IGA. Results show that (1) knowledge background will significantly affect users' cognition about product colors and (2) the proposed method is helpful to improve convergence speed and evolution efficiency with convergence increasing from 67.5% to 82.5% and overall average evolutionary generations decreasing from 18.15 to 15.825. It is promising that the proposed method can help reduce users' cognition noise, promote convergence, and improve evolution efficiency of interactive product color design.
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