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Kanayama A, Yamamoto S, Ueba R, Kobayashi M, Ohmine T, Iwata A. Age-related changes and sex differences in ankle plantarflexion velocity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22943. [PMID: 38135705 PMCID: PMC10746714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankle plantar flexors play a vital role in the mobility of older adults. The strength and velocity of plantarflexion are critical factors in determining walking speed. Despite reports on how age and sex affect plantarflexion strength, basic information regarding plantarflexion velocity is still lacking. This cross-sectional observational study investigated age-related changes and sex differences in plantarflexion velocity by comparing them with plantarflexion strength. A total of 550 healthy adults were classified into four age groups for each sex: Young (< 40 years old), Middle-aged (40-64 years old), Young-old (65-74 years old), and Older-old (≧ 75 years old). We measured plantarflexion velocity and strength in the long-sitting position using a gyroscope and a hand-held dynamometer, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance revealed no interaction between age and sex for either plantarflexion velocity or strength. Plantarflexion velocity exhibited a significant decline with aging, as did the plantarflexion strength. We found no significant sex differences in plantarflexion velocity in contrast to plantarflexion strength. The results indicated a significant decrease with age and no difference in plantarflexion velocity between males and females characteristic plantarflexion velocity. Understanding the characteristics of plantarflexion velocity could contribute to preventing a decline in mobility in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Kanayama
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30, Habikino, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan
| | - Saki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30, Habikino, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan
| | - Ryoga Ueba
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30, Habikino, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan
| | - Mio Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30, Habikino, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Ohmine
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30, Habikino, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1, Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-0026, Japan
| | - Akira Iwata
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30, Habikino, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan.
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Examination of the Impact of Strength and Velocity of the Knee and Ankle on Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102093. [PMID: 36292540 PMCID: PMC9602105 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle strength of the knee extension and plantarflexion plays a crucial role in determining gait speed. Recent studies have shown that no-load angular velocity of the lower limb joints is essential for determining gait speed. However, no reports have compared the extent to which lower limb functions, such as knee extension strength, knee extension velocity, plantarflexion strength, and plantarflexion velocity, impact gait speed in a single study. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relative importance of maximum strength and no-load angular velocity on gait speed. Overall, 164 community-dwelling older adults (72.9 ± 5.0 years) participated in this study. We measured the gait speed and lower limb function (the strength and velocity of knee extension and plantarflexion). Strength was measured with a hand-held dynamometer, and velocity with a gyroscope. A multiple regression analysis was performed with gait speed as the dependent variable and age, sex, and lower-limb function as independent variables. Plantarflexion velocity (β = 0.25) and plantarflexion strength (β = 0.21) were noted to be significant predictors of gait speed. These findings indicate that no-load plantarflexion velocity is more important than the strength of plantarflexion and knee extensions as a determinant of gait speed, suggesting that improvement in plantarflexion velocity may increase gait speed.
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Relationship between Step-by-Step Foot Kinematics and Sprint Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116786. [PMID: 35682368 PMCID: PMC9180722 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Foot stiffness is a modulator of sprint performance. However, studies that analysed foot angular velocities using inertial measuring units (IMU) for different events within the sprint contact time phase are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between angular foot step-by-step kinematics and sprint performance during a 50-metre sprint in experienced male and female sprinters. Foot kinematics were measured using IMU devices integrated with a 3-axis gyroscope and a laser gun. The main findings were that men performed faster sprints (6.11 ± 0.35 s vs. 6.77 ± 0.24 s), but the maximal angular foot kinematics were the same between sexes. Maximal angular velocities increased until strides 6–7, where they stabilized. Time from touchdown to maximal dorsiflexion velocity did not change between strides, whereas time from maximal dorsiflexion velocity to toe off decreased until stride 6. Plantarflexion velocities, especially in toe off, showed the greatest associations with sprint times, whereas maximal dorsiflexion velocity presented no association with sprint times. The time from dorsiflexion velocity to toe off from stride 7 onwards determined the sprint performance and was shorter for faster sprinters. The analysis of these variables provides essential information to athletes and coaches that may help to enhance the quality and efficiency of the sprint cycle by giving detailed information on each single stride of the sprint.
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Fidan M, Bayrak A, Karli U. A novel adaptable isometric strength analysis and exercise development system design. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2021; 235:913-926. [PMID: 33971770 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211015562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a low-cost and adaptable isometric strength measurement and exercise development system are described. The implemented system consists of mechanical structure, force measurement sensor, electronic circuit, and computer software. Isometric-isotonic (via spring resistance) strength analysis and various exercise programs can be applied with the system. The developed system has a lower cost compared to its counterparts in the literature and has a structure that can be adapted to different machines and measuring methods. The operability and reliability of the isometric strength measurement and exercise development system have been proven by calibration tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Fidan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Alper Bayrak
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Umid Karli
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Chen WH, Lee YS, Yang CJ, Chang SY, Shih Y, Sui JD, Chang TS, Shiang TY. Determining motions with an IMU during level walking and slope and stair walking. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:62-69. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1680083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Chen
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Shin Lee
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jui Yang
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yu Chang
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yo Shih
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jien-De Sui
- Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Sheuan Chang
- Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Yuang Shiang
- Department of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yamamoto S, Iwata A, Yano Y, Ohmine T, Honma K, Senzaki K, Fujiwara M, Murakami T, Inoue J, Sano Y, Okagawa S, Otsuki Y, Wanaka H, Kataoka M, Iwata H. Preliminary study on the effects of movement velocity training of the upper limbs on gait ability in older adults: a nonrandomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:781-788. [PMID: 31118598 PMCID: PMC6503334 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s202897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Movement velocity of the limbs or trunk plays an important determinant of gait speed in older adults. Movement velocity-focused training of the lower limbs or trunk has recently been shown to be an effective intervention to improve gait ability. Because movement velocities of various body regions are significantly correlated, movement velocity training of the upper limbs may also be effective for improving gait speed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether movement velocity training of the upper limbs in a seated position is effective for improving gait ability. Patients and methods: This study was a nonrandomized controlled trial. The participants were older adults residing in geriatric health service facilities. They were assigned to the movement velocity training of the upper limbs group (n=26) or control group (n=15). The participants in the training group performed exercises (three times per week for 10 weeks) to move the upper limbs as quickly as possible. The outcomes were gait speed, movement velocity, and quadriceps strength. These measurements were performed preintervention and 4, 8, and 10 weeks after intervention. Results: A significant time–group interaction was found for maximum gait speed and movement velocity of the upper limbs. Bonferroni post-hoc test showed significant improvement in gait speed between preintervention and 10 weeks after intervention in the training group. The movement velocity of the upper limbs was significantly improved between preintervention and 4, 8, and 10 weeks after intervention. Conclusion: Movement velocity training of the upper limbs showed significant and clinically relevant improvements in maximum gait speed at 10 weeks after intervention. This training is a potentially useful intervention and can be safely performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Yamamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Iwata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Ohmine
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Honma
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Senzaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minami Fujiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Inoue
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Sano
- Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Okagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tatsumi Hospital, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Otsuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kisei Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Wanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe Rosai Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masataka Kataoka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Arai T, Obuchi S, Shiba Y. A novel clinical evaluation method using maximum angular velocity during knee extension to assess lower extremity muscle function of older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 73:143-147. [PMID: 28806627 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the utilities of maximum angular velocity (AV) assessment during knee extension (KE) using a gyroscope for clinical evaluation of exercise program for older adults. Two hundred and 4 community-dwelling older adults underwent a 3-month exercise intervention program. Outcome measures included AV during KE and other physical functions (isometric strength (IS), walking abilities, and balance functions). A correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships between AV and other physical functions at baseline. The differences of physical functions before and after intervention were evaluated and the effect size of each measurement was calculated after the program. The AV measurement was significantly correlated with IS during KE (r=0.303, P<0.01) and other physical functions. Most correlation coefficients of angular velocity were greater than that of IS. All of physical assessments were significantly improved. Also, effect size of AV was greater than that of IS (d=0.45 vs. 0.42). AV of the lower extremities is useful to evaluate the effects of exercise intervention in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Arai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mejiro University, 320 Ukiya Iwatuki-ku Saitama-shi Saitama, 339-8501, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shiba
- Department of Allied Health Science. Kitasato University, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa, Japan
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Ageing, Muscle Power and Physical Function: A Systematic Review and Implications for Pragmatic Training Interventions. Sports Med 2016; 46:1311-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mizuno K, Shiba Y, Sato H, Kamide N, Fukuda M, Ikeda N. Validity and Reliability of the Kinematic Analysis of Trunk and Pelvis Movements Measured by Smartphones during Walking. J Phys Ther Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.25.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haruhiko Sato
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Naoto Kamide
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Michinari Fukuda
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Kitasato University East Hospital
| | - Noriaki Ikeda
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
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Arai T, Obuchi S, Shiba Y, Omuro K, Inaba Y, Kojima M. The validity of an assessment of maximum angular velocity of knee extension (KE) using a gyroscope. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 54:e175-80. [PMID: 22100108 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although it is more important to assess the muscular power of the lower extremities than the strength, no simplified method for doing so has been found. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the assessment of the angular velocity of KE using a gyroscope. Participants included 105 community-dwelling older people (55 women, 50 men, age ± standard deviation (SD) 75±5.3). Pearson correlation coefficients and Spearman rank-correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationships between the angular velocity of KE and functional performance measurements, a self-efficacy scale and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The data from the gyroscope were significantly correlated with some physical functions such as muscle strength (r=0.304, p<0.01), and walking velocity (r=0.543, p<0.001). In addition, the joint angular velocity was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.219-0.329, p<0.01-0.05) and HRQOL (r=0.207-0.359, p<0.01-0.05). The absolute value of the correlation coefficient of angular velocity tended to be greater than that of the muscle strength for mobility functions such as walking velocity and the timed-up-and-go (TUG) test. In conclusion, it was found that the assessment of the angular velocity of the knee joint using a gyroscope could be a feasible and meaningful measurement in the geriatrics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Arai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mejiro University, 320 Ukiya, Iwatuki-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 339-8501, Japan.
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