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Phillips R, Durkin M, Engward H, Cable G, Iancu M. The impact of caring for family members with mental illnesses on the caregiver: a scoping review. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daac049. [PMID: 35472137 PMCID: PMC10269136 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of multidisciplinary, qualitative and quantitative research suggests that providing care for family members with mental health illnesses can have both positive and negative effects on the carers' wellbeing. However, to date a comprehensive overview and synthesis of literature that compares and contrasts positive and negative effects of family-caregiving on the carer is missing. To address this gap, this scoping review examines the effects of family-caregiving on carers' wellbeing. A Boolean search generated a total of 92 relevant articles that were included in the analysis. The results suggest that, to understand the effects of family-caregiving on the carer's mental and physical wellbeing, it is necessary to take a combination of situational and sociodemographic characteristics into consideration. Elderly, female, spousal-carers and primary-carers may be a group that is at risk of suffering from a lack of positive mental and physical wellbeing as a result of caring. However, the negative effects of caregiving can be balanced by extraversion, social support and religious or spiritual beliefs. Therefore, future interventions that aim to promote family caregivers' wellbeing may need to take personality, particular circumstances as well as cultural and personal beliefs into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Phillips
- Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, UK
| | | | - Hilary Engward
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge Campus, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Graham Cable
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge Campus, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Maria Iancu
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge Campus, East Rd, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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Badawoud AM, AlQadheeb YK, AlZahrani SS, AlGhamdi RA, Alanazi EA, AlFozan SM, AlJafer NS, Asiri IM, Alotaibi FM. The Level of Burden among Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2864. [PMID: 36833560 PMCID: PMC9957410 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregiver burden is a serious global issue associated with the growing number of older adult patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD patients become more dependent on their caregivers and require assistance with basic daily life activities. This study aims to measure the caregiver burden of informal caregivers of AD patients and to determine their characteristics. In addition, it intends to understand caregiver coping techniques and assess their medication knowledge. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study including 148 informal caregivers mainly recruited by the Saudi Alzheimer's Disease Association (SADA). A four-part study questionnaire was used for data collection in the Arabic Language and included the following: socio-demographic characteristics of AD patients and their caregivers, the 12-item version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and adapted questions on coping techniques and medication knowledge. RESULTS A total of 148 caregivers (62% were female) participated in this study, and 79.06% were between 30 and 60 years old. The ZBI average score was 27, indicating a moderate to high burden. Caregivers reported their need for services to improve their quality of life. The medication knowledge was insufficient in most aspects except that more than half were aware of medications' side effects. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that the average burden among informal caregivers of AD patients was moderate-high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mohammad. Badawoud
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin K. AlQadheeb
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad S. AlZahrani
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan A. AlGhamdi
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaf A. Alanazi
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M. AlFozan
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S. AlJafer
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Asiri
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz M. Alotaibi
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Upasen R, Saengpanya W. Combating with Compassion Fatigue: The Perspective of Family Caregivers of People with Schizophrenia. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2022; 16:249-255. [PMID: 36191894 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the coping processes used by family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia to deal with compassion fatigue (CF). METHODS Grounded theory was used in this study. For recruitment, purposive and theoretical samplings were used to recruit participants. Data were collected from 29 family caregivers through in-depth interviews and field notes. Data were analyzed using constant and comparative methods. RESULTS The study revealed a core process for dealing with CF as "Combating with compassion fatigue" that comprised three dynamic phases: strengthening attachment with the care recipient to increase willpower, learning how to deal with the illness, and self-empowerment to fight to the physical and mental fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Family caregivers of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia use various strategies to fight to CF. These combine the past experiences of strategies that work and new approaches. Our research will allow mental health professionals to provide basic strategies to family caregivers of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia to help them to cope with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weeraphol Saengpanya
- Faculty of Education, Division of Educational Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
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Zhou H, Ma F, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Bai Y, Hu Q, Wei W, Wang Y. Perceptions of Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia Towards Antipsychotics Associated Side-Effects in China:A Qualitative Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2171-2179. [PMID: 36003799 PMCID: PMC9393095 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s372487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore perceptions of antipsychotics associated side-effects among family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS A descriptive qualitative study was applied in a tertiary referral hospital in China. Purposeful sampling of 18 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were interviewed about their perceptions towards antipsychotics related side effects. RESULTS According to content analysis, three themes emerged from the data: (a) nightmare in the treatment with the categories of sleep disturbances; physical impairment; appearance impairment; (b) opposite attitudes toward side-effect with the categories of being vigilant; do not care; (c) diverse ways of coping side-effects with the categories of asking for help from professionals; self-determined; try any quack's prescription. CONCLUSION The side effects of antipsychotics not only damage the health of patients, but also increase the burden and stress of caregivers. However, caregivers have different attitudes and coping styles about the side effects of antipsychotics. Health professionals should be aware of the influence of individual background and cultural factors on caregivers' attitudes towards drug side effects. Furthermore, health professionals should also provide caregivers with knowledge about drug side effects, coping skills, and appropriate management strategies to promote health outcomes for people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fang Ma, Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295#, Xichang Road, Kunming, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-159-251-89957, Email
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youqin Tan
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangjuan Bai
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiulan Hu
- ICU in Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yanjiao Wang, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295#, Xichang Road, Kunming, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-138-889-29699, Email
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Alyafei AH, Alqunaibet T, Mansour H, Ali A, Billings J. The experiences of family caregivers of people with severe mental illness in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative data. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254351. [PMID: 34242343 PMCID: PMC8270161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a wealth of literature exploring the experiences of family caregivers of people with severe mental illness (SMI) in western countries, however, this topic has been neglected in the Middle East, despite families being the main source of caregiving in this context. The purpose of this review was to conduct a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis to explore the experiences of family caregivers living in countries in the Middle East caring for a relative with severe mental illness. METHODS A systematic review and meta-synthesis were conducted, to comprehensively gain a thorough and detailed overview of what is known about family caregivers' experiences from published qualitative research in the Middle East geographical area from inception to May 2021. The review protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (Ref: CRD42020165519). RESULTS The review identified twelve qualitative studies that explored caregivers' experiences of caring for relatives with SMI in Middle East countries. Family caregivers' experiences were captured under seven overarching themes. The participants across all studies reported negative consequences of providing care, increased burden and emotional distress. Many experienced issues with family/marital relationships and stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours from their communities. Caregivers expressed the need for increased support which was perceived to have a critical role in improving family caregivers' experiences. CONCLUSIONS The meta-synthesis revealed many challenges and issues that affect caregivers of people with SMI in the Middle East. Family caregivers experienced distress and burden, and reported significant impact on their psychological well-being. Their experiences highlight the urgent need to provide more support for family caregivers in Middle East countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taghrid Alqunaibet
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Mansour
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Afia Ali
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Billings
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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