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Chong MFF, Lim HX, Wong BWX, Chi ZH, Inthujaa JK, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Cheon BK, Gorny AW, Chia KS. Transiting Out of Full-Time National Service: A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Motivators of Weight Change in Young Adult Men in Singapore. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221074788. [PMID: 35272525 PMCID: PMC8921754 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221074788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher prevalence of obesity in men compared with women, particularly among those 18 to 40 years of age, has been observed in Singapore. We explored young men's perceptions of weight change after transiting out of National Service (NS) over a 12-month period and sought to understand the underlying drivers. In-depth interviews, guided by the Health Belief Model (HBM), were conducted with young men 12 months after they had completed full-time NS. Six constructs from the HBM, namely, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and perceived self-efficacy, were utilized to guide the analysis. Thematic analysis revealed that participants generally perceived a gain in body weight after the transition and attributed this to decreased exercise-related physical activity (PA) levels and increased consumption of unhealthy food. However, many did not display immediate concerns nor view leading a healthy lifestyle as priority, citing time constraints, inertia to comply, or lack of access to sports facilities and healthy food options as barriers. Healthy lifestyle behaviors, mainly PA, were mostly pursued for physical health and appearance. Motivators toward a healthy lifestyle tended to be internal factors such as self-motivation, personal preference, and habit, whereas external motivators included peer or familial influence and environmental factors. Our findings align with key concepts of the HBM and suggest a need to educate young men transiting out of NS on lifestyle, weight, and health, in particular addressing their misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hui Xian Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Beverly W X Wong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Zi Han Chi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J K Inthujaa
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bobby K Cheon
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Alexander W Gorny
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Hahnraths MTH, Willeboordse M, Jungbauer ADHM, de Gier C, Schouten C, van Schayck CP. "Mummy, Can I Join a Sports Club?" A Qualitative Study on the Impact of Health-Promoting Schools on Health Behaviours in the Home Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12219. [PMID: 34831975 PMCID: PMC8620085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Information regarding school-based health-promoting interventions' potential effects in the home environment is scarce. Gaining more insight into this is vital to optimise interventions' potential. The Healthy Primary School of the Future (HPSF) is a Dutch initiative aiming to improve children's health and well-being by providing daily physical activity sessions and healthy school lunches. This qualitative study examines if and how HPSF influenced children's and parents' physical activity and dietary behaviours at home. In 2018-2019, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents from two HPSFs. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data were coded and interpreted through thematic analysis. HPSF resulted in various behavioural changes at home, initiated by both children and parents. Parents reported improvements in healthy behaviours, as well as compensatory, unhealthy behaviours. Reasons for behavioural change included increased awareness, perceived support to adopt healthy behaviours, and children asking for the same healthy products at home. Barriers to change included no perceived necessity for change, lack of HPSF-related information provision, and time and financial constraints. Both child-to-adult intergenerational learning and parent-initiated changes play an important role in the transfer of health behaviours from school to home and are therefore key mechanisms to maximise school-based health-promoting interventions' impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla T. H. Hahnraths
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.W.); (A.D.H.M.J.); (C.d.G.); (C.S.); (C.P.v.S.)
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3
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The Effects of the Healthy Primary School of the Future on Children's Fruit and Vegetable Preferences, Familiarity and Intake. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093241. [PMID: 34579117 PMCID: PMC8469863 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mere exposure is an often-described strategy to increase children’s food familiarity, preferences, and intake. Research investigating this method in less controlled settings is scarce. This study investigates the effects of repeated fruit and vegetable (FV) exposure through the Healthy Primary School of the Future (HPSF) on children’s FV familiarity, preferences, and intake. The study had a longitudinal quasi-experimental design comparing two full HPSFs (focus: nutrition and physical activity) with two partial HPSFs (focus: physical activity) in the Netherlands. Annual measurements (child-reported questionnaires) were conducted during 2015–2019 in 833 7–12-year-old children. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02800616). After correction for baseline, full HPSFs had, on average, a lower number of unfamiliar vegetable items after one (effect size (ES) = −0.28) and three years (ES = −0.35) and a higher number of disliked vegetable items after one year (ES = 0.24) than partial HPSFs. Unfavorable intervention effects were observed for fruit intake after one (odds ratio (OR) = 0.609) and four years (OR = 0.451). Repeated FV exposure had limited effects on children’s FV familiarity, preferences, and intake, likely due to insufficient taste exposure. Considering the widespread implementation of school-based mere exposure efforts, it is highly relevant to further investigate under which circumstances mere exposure effectively contributes to improvements in (determinants of) FV intake.
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4
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Zhao K, Xu X, Zhu H, Xu Q. Compensatory Belief in Health Behavior Management: A Concept Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:705991. [PMID: 34512462 PMCID: PMC8429599 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify the exact definition of the concept of compensatory belief (CB) and to help clinicians and caregivers to distinguish patients who tend to form such beliefs. Methods This study is a conceptual analysis based on the strategy of Walker and Avant (2014). We retrieved studies from existing literature using databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley, and Web of Science, and extracted information from the results. No date limitations were applied. Results A total of 35 articles were sourced for data extraction. The identified attributes of CB were as follows: cognitive coping strategy, pleasure without guilt, compensatory behaviors, automatic motivated self-regulatory process, and implicit cognition. The observed antecedents were: failure to resist desire, reluctance, a conflicting motivational state, seeking appropriate balance, and self-image maintenance. The consequences of CB were lower health-related intentions, justification of unhealthy choices, relief from cognitive dissonance, continued existence of conflict feeling, and poor long-term health. Conclusion Compensatory belief stems from motivational dissonance or confliction. Despite causing feelings of pleasure and relief, it can negatively impact long-term health. Although CB is crucial to establish healthy behaviors, it is easily ignored in medical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hanfei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Ng WWM, Wong ASW, Cheung K. A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Feasibility Study of a WhatsApp-Delivered Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating Habits in Male Firefighters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126633. [PMID: 34203034 PMCID: PMC8296461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT)-designed study aimed to explore the feasibility of a promotion pamphlet and/or WhatsApp as a suitable mode of delivery to promote healthy eating habits with fruit and vegetables (F&V) among firefighters. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used. Forty-five firefighters from 23 fire stations were recruited and they all received the printed pamphlet, while the intervention group participants (n = 20) received additional teaching material through WhatsApp every two weeks for eight weeks. Feasibility outcomes included retention, practicality, and implementation. The participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. There were significant improvements in the mean numbers of days consuming F&V (p = 0.002; p = 0.031) in the intervention group, and for fruit consumption (p = 0.033) in the control group between the baseline (T0) and 3 months after completion of intervention (T1). High levels of participants’ satisfaction with the intervention revealed that a full-scale CRCT of the WhatsApp-delivered intervention promoting healthy eating could be feasible, especially as a means of increasing the numbers of days they consumed F&V and the numbers of servings of these consumed per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Wing Man Ng
- Division of Science, Engineering and Health Studies, College of Professional and Continuing Education, No. 8 Hung Lok Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.M.N.); (K.C.)
| | - Anthony Siu Wo Wong
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Kin Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.M.N.); (K.C.)
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Sumaedi S, Sumardjo S, Saleh A, Syukri AF. A model of digital health communication media use during the Covid-19 pandemic. HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/he-03-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis research aims to develop and test a model of digital health communication media (DHCM) use for healthy food information – DHCM usage – during the Covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, this research investigated the simultaneous effects of perceived threat of Covid-19, e-health literacy, attitude toward DHCM usage, knowledge toward DHCM usage, facilitating conditions and information quality on the DHCM usage.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data were collected through a survey. The respondents of the survey are 192 DHCM users who lived in Tangerang Regency. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was performed.FindingsThe DHCM usage during the Covid-19 pandemic is significantly affected by the attitude towards the DHCM usage and the facilitating conditions. However, the DHCM usage during the Covid-19 pandemic is not significantly affected by the perceived threat of Covid-19, e-health literacy, information quality and knowledge of the DHCM usage.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was conducted only in Tangerang Regency and employed a purposive sampling technique. Future research should be conducted in other contexts to examine the stability of the research findings.Practical implicationsIn order to improve DHCM usage for healthy food information, it is important for building a positive attitude towards DHCM usage and ensuring the availability of the facilitating conditions.Originality/valueThis paper is the first that develops and tests a model of DHCM usage for healthy food information during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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7
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Nigg C, Amrein M, Rackow P, Scholz U, Inauen J. Compensation and transfer effects of eating behavior change in daily life: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Appetite 2021; 162:105170. [PMID: 33621613 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pursuing specific eating goals may lead to the adoption of other healthy behaviors (transfer) or compensation with unhealthy behaviors. Previous research has mostly investigated such processes using non-experimental studies focusing on interindividual differences. To investigate transfer or compensation of eating behavior in daily life, we analyzed data from a 2 (eating goal: more fruit and vegetables [FV] vs. fewer unhealthy snacks) x 2 (intervention vs. control group) factorial randomized trial. Adopting a within-person perspective, we studied potential transfer and compensation 1) between different eating behaviors and physical activity (PA), and 2) in response to an eating behavior change intervention. Participants (N = 203) received either goals to increase FV intake or decrease unhealthy snack intake and completed a daily e-diary. Eating more unhealthy snacks predicted 0.16 less FV portions (β = -0.07; p < 0.001) and 18% less unhealthy snack intake the next day (p < 0.001). Eating more FV predicted 0.42 less FV portions the next day (β = -0.07; p < 0.001). Participants with the FV eating goal intervention decreased unhealthy snacks (p = 0.012) and PA (p = 0.019) by 8% compared to controls, respectively. Similar but non-significant patterns were observed for participants with the decreasing unhealthy snack goal intervention (p > 0.05). Results indicated both compensation and transfer processes in daily life. Relationships mostly occur within the same behavior and rather support compensatory effects. In turn, a behavior change intervention to promote FV intake potentially enhances non-assigned eating behaviors, indicating transfer, but may lower PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nigg
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Melanie Amrein
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Binzmühlestrasse 14 / Box 14, CH-8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Rackow
- University of Stirling, Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Urte Scholz
- University of Zurich, Department of Psychology, Binzmühlestrasse 14 / Box 14, CH-8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Inauen
- University of Bern, Institute of Psychology, Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Yu ZM, Van Blyderveen S, Schmidt L, Lu C, Vanstone M, Biringer A, Sword W, Beyene J, McDonald SD. Predictors of Gestational Weight Gain Examined As a Continuous Outcome: A Prospective Analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1006-1015. [PMID: 33439752 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is common and adversely affects both mothers and offspring, including increasing the risk of maternal and childhood obesity. GWG is typically examined categorically, with women grouped into categories of those who gain above, within, and below guideline recommendations. Examining GWG as a continuous variable, rather than categorically, allows for a consideration of GWG at a finer level of detail, increasing precision. Methods: We collected exposure data among 970 pregnant women in early gestation using a standardized questionnaire in Ontario, Canada, from 2015 to 2017. Maternal weight and height were extracted from antenatal records. Continuous GWG was calculated using four methods: percentage of ideal weight gain, excess GWG, GWG adequacy ratio, and GWG z-score. We used the stepwise linear regression analyses to select variables associated with GWG. Results: We found that a common set of variables (parity, prepregnancy body mass index, planned pregnancy weight gain, smoking, pregnancy-related food cravings, and fast food intake) significantly predicted GWG in a manner consistent across the four GWG outcomes. Certain psychological factors, including the perception of families' and friends' attitudes toward the food cravings of pregnant women, emotion suppression, compensatory health beliefs coupled with eating unhealthy foods, frequent prepregnancy dietary restraint in carbohydrates, sugar, and meals, preferred prepregnancy body size image, agreeable and conscientious personalities, and depression, also were related with GWG. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that psychological factors play an important role in the magnitude of GWG, providing key avenues to inform interventions to support healthy weight gain in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Michael Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sherry Van Blyderveen
- New Leaf Psychology Centre, Milton, Canada.,Eating Disorders Program at Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Canada
| | - Louis Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Cathy Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Meredith Vanstone
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anne Biringer
- Ray D. Wolfe Department of Family Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Wendy Sword
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sarah D McDonald
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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9
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A qualitative study about college students' attitudes, knowledge and perceptions regarding sugar intake. Appetite 2020; 159:105059. [PMID: 33271200 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Excessive sugar intake has been associated with multiple health conditions (e.g., higher risk for non-communicable diseases). Hence, health organizations have issued guidelines defining the maximum daily intake of free or added sugars. However, data from several countries suggests that these guidelines are rarely met, particularly by young adults. For example, almost half of Portuguese adolescents and young adults exceed the recommended sugar intake. In this work, we aim to further explore college students' attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions about sugar intake, as well as about sugar intake guidelines. A thematic analysis on data from five focus groups (N = 40) indicated that participants reported difficulty in the comprehension of added/free sugars definition and sugar intake recommendations. Overall, attitudes toward sugar were ambivalent. Sugar was simultaneously perceived as pleasurable and needed, but also as addictive and harmful. Although aware of the potential negative health outcomes associated with excessive sugar intake, most participants did not perceive being at risk due to their youth, exercise habits, or type of diet. The few concerns expressed were mostly associated with the negative impact of high sugar intake on body image (e.g., weight gain). The main barriers to reducing sugar intake identified were environmental (e.g., time restrictions, food available at the university). Still, participants could identify several individual strategies to effectively regulate sugar intake. By identifying knowledge gaps and sources of bias related to sugar consumption, our findings are useful to inform future interventions aiming to address the problem of high sugar intake among university students.
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10
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Compensatory health beliefs and unhealthy snack consumption in daily life. Appetite 2020; 157:104996. [PMID: 33058952 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Compensatory health beliefs (CHBs) are beliefs that an unhealthy behavior (unhealthy eating) can be compensated for by engaging in a healthy behavior (physical activity). Previous research focused on CHBs as rather stable beliefs (trait). Some studies indicated that situation-specific CHBs (state) might be important in situations, in which people are confronted with an unhealthy snack. This study aims to investigate the association between CHBs and unhealthy snack consumption in daily life with a special focus on the distinction between trait and state CHBs. Overall, N = 45 participants (66.7% female; age: 18-45 years, M = 21.9) received a link to an online questionnaire five times daily for seven consecutive days (n = 1575 possible diary entries). They reported unhealthy snack consumption, state and trait CHBs concerning the compensation with subsequent eating behavior and physical activity. The results showed that trait and state CHBs were significantly positively related to unhealthy snack consumption in daily life. Different effects appeared for CHBs concerning the compensation with subsequent eating behavior compared to the compensation with physical activity. This study demonstrates that both, state and trait CHBs are important for unhealthy snack consumption in daily life. Findings emphasize the need for further daily diary approaches to understand the temporal sequence of state CHBs that could further explain the use of CHBs as a maladaptive strategy for unhealthy eating.
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Do Daily Compensatory Health Beliefs Predict Intention to Quit and Smoking Behavior? A Daily Diary Study during Smoking Cessation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176419. [PMID: 32899272 PMCID: PMC7504513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Compensatory health beliefs (CHBs) are a means to cope with motivational conflicts between intended health goals and the temptation for an unhealthy behavior. As CHBs can fluctuate on a daily basis, this study examined how daily CHBs are associated with daily intention to quit smoking and daily number of cigarettes smoked before and after a quit date at the between- and within-person level. The study comprised a prospective longitudinal design and investigated 83 women and 83 men for 32 consecutive days during an ongoing joint self-set quit attempt. Daily CHBs varied from day to day and between individuals. At the between-person level, higher women’s mean CHBs were associated with lower intention (b = −0.23, p = 0.04) and at the 10% level with more cigarettes smoked after the quit date (rate ratio (RR) = 1.92, p = 0.07). At the within-person level, women’s higher than usual CHBs were unrelated to intention to quit, but were related to less smoking before (RR = 0.96, p = 0.03) and at the 10% level after the quit date (RR = 0.91, p = 0.09). A marginally positive association between daily CHBs and smoking at the within-person level emerged for men. The negative effect of daily CHBs at the between-person level on smoking seems to unfold after the quit attempt and for women only.
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12
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'They deserve a treat': the nature and antecedents of parental licensing surrounding children's physical activity. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:2098-2108. [PMID: 32854799 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about parents' compensatory health beliefs (CHB) surrounding their children's engagement in physical activity (PA). Our aim was to provide evidence regarding the nature of, and factors underpinning, parents' PA-related compensatory beliefs for their children. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive approach and thematic content analysis were employed. SETTING Parents were recruited from community sport and PA programmes. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen parents aged 32-52 years (mean age = 40·8 (sd 5·4) years; six males; twelve females). RESULTS Analyses indicated that parents compensate through 'passive' or 'active' means. Among parents who compensated, most described their provision of 'treat' foods/drinks and a minority described allowing extended sedentary time to their children. Parents' reasons underpinning these beliefs related to their child's general physical/health status and psychological characteristics, and their own motivation and mood state. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence of unhealthy dietary and sedentary behaviour CHB that parents may hold regarding their children's involvement in PA.
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13
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Al-Ansari A, El Tantawi M, AlMadan N, Nazir M, Gaffar B, Al-Khalifa K, AlBaty A. Internet Addiction, Oral Health Practices, Clinical Outcomes, and Self-Perceived Oral Health in Young Saudi Adults. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:7987356. [PMID: 32848514 PMCID: PMC7439169 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7987356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study assessed the relationship between Internet addiction and oral health practices and clinical outcomes and whether this was affected by oral health perception. In 2017, a cross-sectional study included university students in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Questionnaires assessed demographic background, oral health practices (consuming sugar, tobacco use, and oral hygiene), perceived oral health, and Internet addiction. Caries experience and gingivitis were assessed using the World Health Organization criteria. The multivariate general linear analysis assessed the relationship between dependent variables (oral health practices, DMFT, and gingivitis) and exposure (Internet addiction). Data were available for 919 participants, 75.4% females, mean age = 19.8 years, and 1.6% with significant Internet use problem. The mean percentage of teeth with gingivitis was 8.5% and mean DMFT was 2.9. Among those with good perception of oral health and compared with participants with significant Internet use problem, average Internet users had lower consumption of sugar and tobacco (B = -6.52, P = 0.03 and B = -2.04, P = 0.03), better oral hygiene practices (B = 2.07, P = 0.33), higher DMFT (B = 2.53, P = 0.10), and lesser gingivitis (B = -15.45, P = 0.06). Internet addiction was associated with negative oral health practices and poor clinical outcomes among young Saudis. Holistic health promotion approaches need to address the negative impact of Internet addiction on health and oral health status for this at-risk age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Al-Ansari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Nazir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalifa Al-Khalifa
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, P.O. Box 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlBaty
- Ministry of Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Chevance G, Golaszewski NM, Baretta D, Hekler EB, Larsen BA, Patrick K, Godino J. Modelling multiple health behavior change with network analyses: results from a one-year study conducted among overweight and obese adults. J Behav Med 2020; 43:254-261. [PMID: 31997127 PMCID: PMC7861046 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the between-person associations of seven health behaviors in adults with obesity participating in a weight loss intervention, as well as the covariations between these behaviors within-individuals across the intervention. The present study included data from a 12-month weight loss trial (N = 278). Seven health behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep duration, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, total fat and added sugar) were measured at baseline, 6- and 12-months. Between- and within-participants network analyses were conducted to examine how these behaviors were associated through the 12-month intervention and covaried across months. At the between-participants level, associations were found within the different diet behaviors and between total fat and sedentary behaviors. At the within-participants level, covariations were found between sedentary and diet behaviors, and within diet behaviors. Findings suggest that successful multiple health behaviors change interventions among adults with obesity will need to (1) simultaneously target sedentary and diet behaviors; and (2) prevent potential compensatory behaviors in the diet domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chevance
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA.
- Qualcomm Institute, University of California San Diego, Atkinson Hall, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Natalie M Golaszewski
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Dario Baretta
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Eric B Hekler
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Britta A Larsen
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Kevin Patrick
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Job Godino
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
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15
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West JS, Guelfi KJ, Dimmock JA, Jackson B. Preliminary Validation of the Exercise-Snacking Licensing Scale: Rewarding Exercise with Unhealthy Snack Foods and Drinks. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121866. [PMID: 30513806 PMCID: PMC6316787 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that individuals’ compensatory health beliefs may be an important psychological driver of health behavior. Only recently, however, have researchers begun to develop and seek to validate instruments that are suited to measuring specific pairings of the diverse compensatory health beliefs that exist. The aim of this study was to provide support for key aspects of validity associated with the Exercise-Snacking Licensing Scale (ESLS), an instrument that was designed to assess individuals’ endorsement (or licensing) of unhealthy snacking behaviors around exercise. Participants (N = 1095) responded to a version of the ESLS that was designed to assess their licensing responses following either “light” or “tiring” physical activity, and completed additional instruments assessing dispositional, exercise-related, and diet-related constructs. Analyses indicated that scores derived from both versions of the ESLS (“light” and “tiring” physical activity) displayed a relatively consistent factor structure, favorable alpha coefficients, and meaningful correlations with variables that are theoretically aligned with licensing. Factor analytic procedures did, however, indicate that researchers may wish, in future, to consider the use (or not) of reverse-scored items within the ESLS. Together, these findings provide important insight into the structural, external, and generalizability aspects of validity for scores derived from the ESLS, and indicate that the ESLS may be a valuable instrument for the brief assessment of unhealthy licensing beliefs around exercise. Further use of the ESLS is encouraged to determine if and how these licensing beliefs actually influence subsequent snacking behaviors, and the potential downstream effects these beliefs may have in shaping health outcomes associated with exercise participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S West
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kym J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - James A Dimmock
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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16
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Kim H, Kim Y, Choi HM, Ham S. Relationships among behavioral beliefs, past behaviors, attitudes and behavioral intentions toward healthy menu selection. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:348-354. [PMID: 30090173 PMCID: PMC6078860 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.4.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity is a serious concern worldwide, for which the restaurant industry holds partial responsibility. This study was conducted to estimate restaurant consumers' intention to select healthy menu items and to examine the relationships among behavioral beliefs, past behaviors, attitudes and behavioral intentions, which are known to be major determinants of consumer behaviors. SUBJECTS/METHODS An online, self-administered survey was distributed for data collection. The study sample consisted of customers who reported having visited casual dining restaurants in the last three months at the time of the survey. Structural equation modeling was used to verify the fit of the proposed research model. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that the proposed model supports the sequential, mediated (indirect) relationships among behavioral beliefs, past behaviors, attitudes and behavioral intentions toward healthy menu selection. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the available literature regarding obesity by adding past behaviors, one of the most influential variables involved in prediction of future behaviors of consumers, to the TPB model, enabling a better understanding of restaurant consumers' rational decision process regarding healthy menu choices. The results of this study provide practical implications for restaurant practitioners and government agencies regarding ways to promote healthy menus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Youngshin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Choi
- International Center for Hospitality Research and Development, Dedman School of Hospitality, Florida State University, 288 Champions Way UCB 4117 Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Sunny Ham
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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17
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West JS, Guelfi KJ, Dimmock JA, Jackson B. Testing the Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an 8-Week Exercise and Compensatory Eating Intervention. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070923. [PMID: 30029486 PMCID: PMC6073143 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intervention comprised of regular exercise alongside educational and motivational support for participants’ avoidance of unhealthy compensatory eating. Forty-five sedentary individuals were randomized to an 8-week exercise plus compensatory eating avoidance program (CEAP; n = 24), or an 8-week exercise intervention only (control; n = 21). The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the intervention were assessed using quantitative measures and supplemented with written responses to open-ended questions. The CEAP workshop was well-received; however, self-reported use of some of the included behavior change strategies was lower than expected. Post-intervention, there was evidence of reduced self-reported compensatory eating for participants in the CEAP group but not controls, with CEAP participants also reporting greater use of coping plans relative to controls post-intervention. The exercise program had benefits for waist circumference, body fat percentage, blood pressure, and cardiovascular fitness; however, improvements were similar between groups. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the CEAP is feasible and may reduce compensatory eating around exercise; however, this effect is small. Potential modifications to the CEAP are discussed within the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S West
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kym J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - James A Dimmock
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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