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Silva NIO, Albery GF, Arruda MS, Oliveira GFG, Costa TA, de Mello ÉM, Moreira GD, Reis EV, da Silva SA, Silva MC, de Almeida MG, Becker DJ, Carlson CJ, Vasilakis N, Hanley KA, Drumond BP. Ecological drivers of sustained enzootic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil, 2017-2021. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011407. [PMID: 37276217 PMCID: PMC10270639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beginning December 2016, sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreaks spread into southeastern Brazil, and Minas Gerais state experienced two sylvatic YF waves (2017 and 2018). Following these massive YF waves, we screened 187 free-living non-human primate (NHPs) carcasses collected throughout the state between January 2019 and June 2021 for YF virus (YFV) using RTqPCR. One sample belonging to a Callithrix, collected in June 2020, was positive for YFV. The viral strain belonged to the same lineage associated with 2017-2018 outbreaks, showing the continued enzootic circulation of YFV in the state. Next, using data from 781 NHPs carcasses collected in 2017-18, we used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify the spatiotemporal and host-level drivers of YFV infection and intensity (an estimation of genomic viral load in the liver of infected NHP). Our GAMMs explained 65% and 68% of variation in virus infection and intensity, respectively, and uncovered strong temporal and spatial patterns for YFV infection and intensity. NHP infection was higher in the eastern part of Minas Gerais state, where 2017-2018 outbreaks affecting humans and NHPs were concentrated. The odds of YFV infection were significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas than from urban-rural or rural areas, while infection intensity was significantly lower in NHPs from urban areas or the urban-rural interface relative to rural areas. Both YFV infection and intensity were higher during the warm/rainy season compared to the cold/dry season. The higher YFV intensity in NHPs in warm/rainy periods could be a result of higher exposure to vectors and/or higher virus titers in vectors during this time resulting in the delivery of a higher virus dose and higher viral replication levels within NHPs. Further studies are needed to better test this hypothesis and further compare the dynamics of YFV enzootic cycles between different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory F. Albery
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matheus Soares Arruda
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Alkifeles Costa
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Érica Munhoz de Mello
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dias Moreira
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erik Vinícius Reis
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Agostinho da Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlise Costa Silva
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Munique Guimarães de Almeida
- Laboratório de Zoonoses—Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel J. Becker
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Colin J. Carlson
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Acoustic Monitoring of Black-Tufted Marmosets in a Tropical Forest Disturbed by Mining Noise. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030352. [PMID: 36766242 PMCID: PMC9913379 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
All habitats have noise, but anthropogenic sounds often differ from natural sounds in terms of frequency, duration and intensity, and therefore may disrupt animal vocal communication. This study aimed to investigate whether vocalizations emitted by black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata) were affected by the noise produced by mining activity. Through passive acoustic monitoring, we compared the noise levels and acoustic parameters of the contact calls of marmosets living in two study areas (with two sampling points within each area)-one near and one far from an opencast mine in Brazil. The near area had higher anthropogenic background noise levels and the marmosets showed greater calling activity compared to the far area. Calls in the near area had significantly lower minimum, maximum and peak frequencies and higher average power density and bandwidth than those in the far area. Our results indicate that the mining noise affected marmoset vocal communication and may be causing the animals to adjust their acoustic communication patterns to increase the efficiency of signal propagation. Given that vocalizations are an important part of social interactions in this species, concerns arise about the potential negative impact of mining noise on marmosets exposed to this human activity.
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Fernandes NCCDA, Guerra JM, Cunha MS, Beraldo KRF, Ressio RA, Cirqueira CDS, Agostini TLD, de Camargo JP, Landi NCSF, Saad LDC, Spinola RMF, de Paula RAC, Sanches TC, Rivas L, Catão-Dias JL. Yellow fever surveillance challenge: Investigation of a marmoset non-autochthonous case. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105702. [PMID: 32971069 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) surveillance in Brazil is focused mainly on the detection of epizootic events regarding New World non-human primates (NWNHP). We present a challenging case of a Callitrichidae (Callithrix spp) kept as a domiciliated pet that lived in the urban area of São Paulo municipality and was positive to YF virus by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After investigation, it was the first occurrence of non-autochthonous YF case of NWNHP described, with probable place of infection in the North shore of São Paulo state. This case illustrates the importance of coordinated laboratorial and field actions, and risks posed by transit of wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália C C de A Fernandes
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil; Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | | | - Mariana S Cunha
- Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana Lang D' Agostini
- Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Dr Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria da Saúde, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jessica Pires de Camargo
- Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Dr Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria da Saúde, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Natália Cristina S F Landi
- Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Dr Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria da Saúde, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leila Del Castillo Saad
- Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Dr Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria da Saúde, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Roberta Maria Fernandes Spinola
- Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Dr Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria da Saúde, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Regiane A C de Paula
- Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Dr Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria da Saúde, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Luana Rivas
- Divisão da Fauna Silvestre, Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo (PMSP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Silva NIO, Sacchetto L, de Rezende IM, Trindade GDS, LaBeaud AD, de Thoisy B, Drumond BP. Recent sylvatic yellow fever virus transmission in Brazil: the news from an old disease. Virol J 2020; 17:9. [PMID: 31973727 PMCID: PMC6979359 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral disease, affecting humans and non-human primates (NHP), caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV). Despite the existence of a safe vaccine, YF continues to cause morbidity and mortality in thousands of people in Africa and South America. Since 2016, massive YF outbreaks have taken place in Brazil, reaching YF-free zones, causing thousands of deaths of humans and NHP. Here we reviewed the main epidemiological aspects, new clinical findings in humans, and issues regarding YFV infection in vectors and NHP in Brazil. The 2016-2019 YF epidemics have been considered the most significant outbreaks of the last 70 years in the country, and the number of human cases was 2.8 times higher than total cases in the previous 36 years. A new YFV lineage was associated with the recent outbreaks, with persistent circulation in Southeast Brazil until 2019. Due to the high number of infected patients, it was possible to evaluate severity and death predictors and new clinical features of YF. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus were considered the primary vectors during the outbreaks, and no human case suggested the occurrence of the urban transmission cycle. YFV was detected in a variety of NHP specimens presenting viscerotropic disease, similar to that described experimentally. Further studies regarding NHP sensitivity to YFV, YF pathogenesis, and the duration of the immune response in NHP could contribute to YF surveillance, control, and future strategies for NHP conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ingrid Oliveira Silva
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Benoit de Thoisy
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Low welfare impact of noise: assessment in an experimental model of mice infected by Herpes simplex-1. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Williams LE, Coke CS, Weed JL. Socialization of adult owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) in Captivity. Am J Primatol 2015; 79:1-7. [PMID: 26713770 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Social housing has often been recommended as one-way to address the psychological well-being of captive non-human primates. Published reports have examined methods to socialize compatible animals by forming pairs or groups. Successful socialization rates vary depending on the species, gender, and environment. This study presents a retrospective look at pairing attempts in two species of owl monkeys, Aotus nancymaae and A. azarae, which live in monogamous pairs in the wild. The results of 477 pairing attempt conducted with captive, laboratory housed owl monkeys and 61 hr of behavioral observations are reported here. The greatest success pairing these owl monkeys occurred with opposite sex pairs, with an 82% success rate. Opposite sex pairs were more successful when females were older than males. Female-female pairs were more successful than male-male (MM) pairs (62% vs 40%). Successful pairs stayed together between 3 and 7 years before the animals were separated due to social incompatibility. Vigilance, eating, and sleeping during introductions significantly predicted success, as did the performance of the same behavior in both animals. The results of this analysis show that it is possible to give captive owl monkeys a social alternative even if species appropriate social partners (i.e., opposite sex partners) are not available. The focus of this report is a description of one potential way to enhance the welfare of a specific new world primate, the owl monkey, under laboratory conditions. More important is how the species typical social structure of owl monkeys in nature affects the captive management of this genus. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22521, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Williams
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, Texas
| | - C S Coke
- LAB/c: Laboratory Animal Behavior Consulting, Nasville, Tennessee
| | - J L Weed
- CDC/NCZEID, Nebraska, Atlanta, Georgia
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Teixeira B, Hirsch A, Goulart VDLR, Passos L, Teixeira CP, James P, Young R. Good neighbours: distribution of black-tufted marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in an urban environment. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/wr14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Primates are one of the most charismatic and widely studied vertebrate groups. However, the study of new world primates in green patches within urban areas has been neglected. Such primates have been viewed as a source of human–animal conflict; however, their ecological importance to urban ecosystems and their role in human well being is poorly understood. Aims To increase understanding of both ecological and socioeconomical factors affecting the distribution, density and group sizes of urban marmosets in a large Brazilian city (Belo Horizonte). Methods A map of vegetation cover and land use was produced and employed to investigate the distribution of marmosets. An online questionnaire was extensively publicised, which permitted the public to report the occurrence or not of marmosets near their residences. For sites with low salary levels and low internet availability, face-to-face interviews were conducted. Additionally, field surveys were conducted in 120 green areas identified by spatial analysis as potential areas of occurrence. The human population density, salary levels and green areas were posteriorly correlated with marmoset distribution. Key results Despite the urbanisation and high human population density, green fragments within the city still housed marmoset groups. However, the presence of green areas did not always indicate primate presence. Group presence was significantly related to the size of parks or green areas and negatively related to built-up areas, and human density. Salary levels were related to more forested streets and possibly tolerance. Marmosets were classified as urban utilisers. Conclusions The human–wildlife conflict with marmoset species was relatively low, owing to marmoset avoidance of built-up areas. The interaction of marmoset species and city dwellers was mainly limited to borders of forest fragments and inside city parks, and appeared to be human motivated. Implications This study showed the importance of public involvement in wildlife studies in urban environments; clarifying the interaction between city dwellers and wild species is essential to mitigate negative interactions.
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Bloomsmith MA. Preface. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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