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Bouchez-Zacria M, Ruette S, Richomme C, Lesellier S, Payne A, Boschiroli ML, Courcoul A, Durand B. Analysis of a multi-type resurgence of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle and badgers in Southwest France, 2007-2019. Vet Res 2023; 54:41. [PMID: 37138355 PMCID: PMC10158257 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although control measures to tackle bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle have been successful in many parts of Europe, this disease has not been eradicated in areas where Mycobacterium bovis circulates in multi-host systems. Here we analyzed the resurgence of 11 M. bovis genotypes (defined based on spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR) detected in 141 farms between 2007 and 2019, in an area of Southwestern France where wildlife infection was also detected from 2012 in 65 badgers. We used a spatially-explicit model to reconstruct the simultaneous diffusion of the 11 genotypes in cattle farms and badger populations. Effective reproduction number R was estimated to be 1.34 in 2007-2011 indicating a self-sustained M. bovis transmission by a maintenance community although within-species Rs were both < 1, indicating that neither cattle nor badger populations acted as separate reservoir hosts. From 2012, control measures were implemented, and we observed a decrease of R below 1. Spatial contrasts of the basic reproduction ratio suggested that local field conditions may favor (or penalize) local spread of bTB upon introduction into a new farm. Calculation of generation time distributions showed that the spread of M. bovis has been more rapid from cattle farms (0.5-0.7 year) than from badger groups (1.3-2.4 years). Although eradication of bTB appears possible in the study area (since R < 1), the model suggests it is a long-term prospect, because of the prolonged persistence of infection in badger groups (2.9-5.7 years). Supplementary tools and efforts to better control bTB infection in badgers (including vaccination for instance) appear necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Bouchez-Zacria
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Independent Researcher, Audincthun, France
| | - Sandrine Ruette
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support Direction, Vincennes, France
| | - Céline Richomme
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Malzéville, France
| | - Sandrine Lesellier
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Malzéville, France
| | - Ariane Payne
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support Direction, Vincennes, France
| | - Maria-Laura Boschiroli
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health, Paris-Est University, ANSES, 94700, Maisons‑Alfort, France
| | - Aurélie Courcoul
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- Laboratory for Animal Health, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University Paris-Est, 14 Rue Pierre Et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Marsot M, Bernard C, Payne A, Rossi S, Ruette S, Desvaux S, Richomme C, Bouchez-Zacria M, Durand B. "BACACIX", a spatial index combining proxies of bovine and badger space use associated with extended Mycobacterium bovis circulation in France. Prev Vet Med 2023; 211:105817. [PMID: 36543069 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To better prevent and control multi-host pathogen circulation over large areas, it is essential to identify patterns of disease persistence within host communities involved in pathogen circulation at a macroscale. The aim of this study was to design and calculate "BACACIX", a spatial index of indirect contacts between cattle and badgers, two species involved in the circulation of Mycobacterium bovis, one of the main causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), in some areas of France. The index combined spatial models of land use distribution (the probable distribution defining animal use of space) based on pasture location for cattle, and based on land cover for badgers, with proxies for animal density for both species. For badgers, we used two series of census data of badger setts in two regions of France to evaluate our model of badger space use distribution (also known as utilization distribution), and analyzed the relationship between BACACIX and the upsurge of bovine tuberculosis observed in several regions of France during the decade after the country obtained the officially bTB-free status in 2001. We observed high values of BACACIX from the southwest to the northeast of France and from Brittany to the Channel coast. Conversely, in two areas (north-central area and Mediterranean coast), index values were low, suggesting that indirect cattle-badger contacts were unlikely. In the two series of census data of badger setts that we analyzed, 96.5% and 87% of the global positioning system (GPS) locations of badger setts, respectively were located in the calculated badger space use distribution. A logistic regression model showed that after controlling bTB over the previous decade, the value of the index was positively associated with the risk of cattle outbreaks between 2001 and 2010 (OR = 1.57). In addition, the risk of bTB occurrence in cattle decreased when the pasture area outside the badger space use distribution increased. In the future, the spatial index of indirect cattle-badger contacts we propose could help to better target bTB surveillance and control in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Marsot
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Célia Bernard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ariane Payne
- French Office for Biodiversity, Research and Scientific Support Division, Vincennes, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- French Office for Biodiversity, Research and Scientific Support Division, Vincennes, France
| | - Sandrine Ruette
- French Office for Biodiversity, Research and Scientific Support Division, Vincennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Desvaux
- French Office for Biodiversity, Research and Scientific Support Division, Vincennes, France
| | - Céline Richomme
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Malzéville, France
| | - Malika Bouchez-Zacria
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France; Independent researcher, Audincthun, France
| | - Benoit Durand
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Laboratory for Animal Health, Epidemiology Unit, University Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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3
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Kelly DJ, Marples NM, Byrne RL, Fogarty U, Kenny K, Cameron H, Griffin D, Holland CV. An investigation of Mycobacterium bovis and helminth coinfection in the European badger Meles meles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY: PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2022; 19:311-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Magowan EA, Maguire IE, Smith S, Redpath S, Marks NJ, Wilson RP, Menzies F, O’Hagan M, Scantlebury DM. Dead-reckoning elucidates fine-scale habitat use by European badgers Meles meles. ANIMAL BIOTELEMETRY 2022; 10:10. [PMID: 37521810 PMCID: PMC8908954 DOI: 10.1186/s40317-022-00282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent developments in both hardware and software of animal-borne data loggers now enable large amounts of data to be collected on both animal movement and behaviour. In particular, the combined use of tri-axial accelerometers, tri-axial magnetometers and GPS loggers enables animal tracks to be elucidated using a procedure of 'dead-reckoning'. Although this approach was first suggested 30 years ago by Wilson et al. (1991), surprisingly few measurements have been made in free-ranging terrestrial animals. The current study examines movements, interactions with habitat features, and home-ranges calculated from just GPS data and also from dead-reckoned data in a model terrestrial mammal, the European badger (Meles meles). Methods Research was undertaken in farmland in Northern Ireland. Two badgers (one male, one female) were live-trapped and fitted with a GPS logger, a tri-axial accelerometer, and a tri-axial magnetometer. Thereafter, the badgers' movement paths over 2 weeks were elucidated using just GPS data and GPS-enabled dead-reckoned data, respectively. Results Badgers travelled further using data from dead-reckoned calculations than using the data from only GPS data. Whilst once-hourly GPS data could only be represented by straight-line movements between sequential points, the sub-second resolution dead-reckoned tracks were more tortuous. Although there were no differences in Minimum Convex Polygon determinations between GPS- and dead-reckoned data, Kernel Utilisation Distribution determinations of home-range size were larger using the former method. This was because dead-reckoned data more accurately described the particular parts of landscape constituting most-visited core areas, effectively narrowing the calculation of habitat use. Finally, the dead-reckoned data showed badgers spent more time near to field margins and hedges than simple GPS data would suggest. Conclusion Significant differences emerge when analyses of habitat use and movements are compared between calculations made using just GPS data or GPS-enabled dead-reckoned data. In particular, use of dead-reckoned data showed that animals moved 2.2 times farther, had better-defined use of the habitat (revealing clear core areas), and made more use of certain habitats (field margins, hedges). Use of dead-reckoning to provide detailed accounts of animal movement and highlight the minutiae of interactions with the environment should be considered an important technique in the ecologist's toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Magowan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland UK
- Randox Laboratories Ltd. Crumlin, Antrim, Northern Ireland UK
| | - I. E. Maguire
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland UK
- Randox Laboratories Ltd. Crumlin, Antrim, Northern Ireland UK
| | - S. Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland UK
| | - S. Redpath
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland UK
| | - N. J. Marks
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland UK
| | - R. P. Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - F. Menzies
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Belfast, UK
| | - M. O’Hagan
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Belfast, UK
| | - D. M. Scantlebury
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland UK
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Woodroffe R, Donnelly CA, Chapman K, Ham C, Moyes K, Stratton NG, Cartwright SJ. Successive use of shared space by badgers and cattle: implications for
Mycobacterium bovis
transmission. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. A. Donnelly
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial College London London UK
- Department of Statistics University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - K. Chapman
- Institute of Zoology Regent’s Park London UK
| | - C. Ham
- Institute of Zoology Regent’s Park London UK
| | - K. Moyes
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
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Bacigalupo SA, Dixon LK, Gubbins S, Kucharski AJ, Drewe JA. Towards a unified generic framework to define and observe contacts between livestock and wildlife: a systematic review. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10221. [PMID: 33173619 PMCID: PMC7594637 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animals are the source of many pathogens of livestock and humans. Concerns about the potential transmission of economically important and zoonotic diseases from wildlife have led to increased surveillance at the livestock-wildlife interface. Knowledge of the types, frequency and duration of contacts between livestock and wildlife is necessary to identify risk factors for disease transmission and to design possible mitigation strategies. Observing the behaviour of many wildlife species is challenging due to their cryptic nature and avoidance of humans, meaning there are relatively few studies in this area. Further, a consensus on the definition of what constitutes a 'contact' between wildlife and livestock is lacking. A systematic review was conducted to investigate which livestock-wildlife contacts have been studied and why, as well as the methods used to observe each species. Over 30,000 publications were screened, of which 122 fulfilled specific criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of studies examined cattle contacts with badgers or with deer; studies involving wild pig contacts with cattle or with domestic pigs were the next most frequent. There was a range of observational methods including motion-activated cameras and global positioning system collars. As a result of the wide variation and lack of consensus in the definitions of direct and indirect contacts, we developed a unified framework to define livestock-wildlife contacts that is sufficiently flexible to be applied to most wildlife and livestock species for non-vector-borne diseases. We hope this framework will help standardise the collection and reporting of contact data; a valuable step towards being able to compare the efficacy of wildlife-livestock observation methods. In doing so, it may aid the development of better disease transmission models and improve the design and effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Gubbins
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Kucharski
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Campbell EL, Menzies FD, Byrne AW, Porter S, McCormick CM, McBride KR, Scantlebury DM, Reid N. Grazing cattle exposure to neighbouring herds and badgers in relation to bovine tuberculosis risk. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:297-303. [PMID: 33069429 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) can be spread between and among cattle and wildlife hosts e.g. European badger (Meles meles). The majority of cattle in the UK and Ireland are grazed during the summer, potentially exposing them to Mycobacterium bovis. 18 farms were surveyed (39% dairy, 61% beef; fields n = 697) for one grazing season (May-November 2016, n = 148,461 field days) to quantify the co-occurrence of cattle with badger setts and latrines and adjacency to neighbouring cattle herds. 3% (n = 24) of the fields had a badger sett or latrine recorded, dairy cattle were significantly more likely to co-occur with badger setts and latrines than beef cattle. Most farms (89%) grazed cattle adjacent to a neighbouring herd, which accounted for 18% of the grazing season. Potential exposure to neighbouring herds did not differ between production systems but did vary between life stages. A significant positive association between the proportion of time cattle spent grazing fields with setts present and the historic 1-, 3- and 5- year bTB status (p = 0.007, p = 0.013 and p = 0.013 respectively) was found. However, when cattle were grazed in fields with latrines, a significant negative association was found between the proportion of time cattle spent grazing fields with latrines present and the historic 3- and 5- year bTB status (p = 0.033 and p = 0.012 respectively). Historic bTB status and percentage of days spent beside a neighbouring herd was unrelated. Idiosyncrasies at farm-level and between risk factors indicated that individual farm assessments would be beneficial to understand potential exposure risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Campbell
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK; School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Fraser D Menzies
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew W Byrne
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK; Department of Agriculture, Fisheries Food and Marine, Agriculture House, Kildare St, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán Porter
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK
| | - Carl M McCormick
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), Belfast, UK
| | - Kathryn R McBride
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA), Belfast, UK
| | - D Michael Scantlebury
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Neil Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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8
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Fogarty ES, Swain DL, Cronin GM, Moraes LE, Bailey DW, Trotter MG. Potential for autonomous detection of lambing using global navigation satellite system technology. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
On-animal sensing systems are being promoted as a solution to the increased demand for monitoring livestock for health and welfare. One key sensor platform, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, provides information on the location and movement of sheep. This information could be used to detect partition in sheep, a key period of time when both ewes and lambs are at risk. The development of algorithms based on key behavioural features could provide alerts to sheep managers to enable intervention when problems arise.
Aims
To investigate the use of GNSS monitoring as a method for detecting behavioural changes in sheep in the period around parturition.
Methods
GNSS collars were attached to 40 late gestation ewes grazing a 3.09 ha paddock in New Zealand. Several metrics were derived: (i) mean daily speed, (ii) maximum daily speed, (iii) minimum daily speed, (iv) mean daily distance to peers, and (v) spatial paddock utilisation by 95% minimum convex polygon. Speed metrics and distance to peers were also evaluated at an hourly scale for the 12 h before and 12 h after lambing.
Key results
Minimum daily speed peaked on the day of parturition (P < 0.001), suggesting animals may have been expressing more agitation and did not settle. Isolation was also evident during this time, with postpartum ewes located further from their peers than pre-partum ewes (P < 0.001). Day of lambing was also evident by reduced spatial paddock utilisation (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that GNSS technology can be used to detect parturition-related behaviours in sheep at a day scale; however, detection at the hour scale using GNSS is not possible.
Implications
This research highlights the opportunity to develop predictive models that autonomously detect behavioural changes in ewes at parturition using GNSS. This could then be extended to identify ewes experiencing prolonged parturition, for example dystocic birth enabling intervention which would improve both production and welfare outcomes for the sheep industry.
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Campbell EL, Byrne AW, Menzies FD, McBride KR, McCormick CM, Scantlebury M, Reid N. Interspecific visitation of cattle and badgers to fomites: A transmission risk for bovine tuberculosis? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8479-8489. [PMID: 31410255 PMCID: PMC6686281 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Great Britain and Ireland, badgers (Meles meles) are a wildlife reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis and implicated in bovine tuberculosis transmission to domestic cattle. The route of disease transmission is unknown with direct, so-called "nose-to-nose," contact between hosts being extremely rare. Camera traps were deployed for 64,464 hr on 34 farms to quantify cattle and badger visitation rates in space and time at six farm locations. Badger presence never coincided with cattle presence at the same time, with badger and cattle detection at the same location but at different times being negatively correlated. Badgers were never recorded within farmyards during the present study. Badgers utilized cattle water troughs in fields, but detections were infrequent (equivalent to one badger observed drinking every 87 days). Cattle presence at badger-associated locations, for example, setts and latrines, were three times more frequent than badger presence at cattle-associated locations, for example, water troughs. Preventing cattle access to badger setts and latrines and restricting badger access to cattle water troughs may potentially reduce interspecific bTB transmission through reduced indirect contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Campbell
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Veterinary Sciences DivisionAgri‐Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)BelfastUK
| | - Andrew W. Byrne
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Veterinary Sciences DivisionAgri‐Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)BelfastUK
- Present address:
Department of AgricultureFood and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture HouseDublin 2Ireland
| | - Fraser D. Menzies
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of AgricultureEnvironment and Rural Affairs (DAERA)BelfastUK
| | - Kathryn R. McBride
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of AgricultureEnvironment and Rural Affairs (DAERA)BelfastUK
| | - Carl M. McCormick
- Veterinary Sciences DivisionAgri‐Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)BelfastUK
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of AgricultureEnvironment and Rural Affairs (DAERA)BelfastUK
| | - Michael Scantlebury
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS)Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Neil Reid
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS)Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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10
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Rosalino LM, Guedes D, Cabecinha D, Serronha A, Grilo C, Santos-Reis M, Monterroso P, Carvalho J, Fonseca C, Pardavila X, Virgós E, Hipólito D. Climate and landscape changes as driving forces for future range shift in southern populations of the European badger. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3155. [PMID: 30816237 PMCID: PMC6395600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-Induced Rapid Environmental Change (HIREC), particularly climate change and habitat conversion, affects species distributions worldwide. Here, we aimed to (i) assess the factors that determine range patterns of European badger (Meles meles) at the southwestern edge of their distribution and (ii) forecast the possible impacts of future climate and landcover changes on those patterns. We surveyed 272 cells of 5 × 5 km, to assess badger presence and confirmed its occurrence in 95 cells (35%). Our models estimate that badger’s presence is promoted by the occurrence of herbaceous fields and shrublands (5%–10%), and low proportions of Eucalyptus plantations (<~15%). Regions with >50% of podzols and eruptive rocks, higher sheep/goat density (>4 ind/km2), an absence of cattle, intermediate precipitation regimes (800–1000 mm/year) and mild mean temperatures (15–16 °C) are also more likely to host badgers. We predict a decrease in favourability of southern areas for hosting badgers under forecasted climate and landcover change scenarios, which may lead to a northwards retraction of the species southern distribution limit, but the overall landscape favourability is predicted to slightly increase. The forecasted retraction may affect community functional integrity, as its role in southern ecological networks will be vacant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M Rosalino
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. .,cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Diana Guedes
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo Cabecinha
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Serronha
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Clara Grilo
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Santos-Reis
- cE3c- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Monterroso
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - João Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H) and Servei d'Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Xosé Pardavila
- Área de Ecoloxía, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Bioloxía - Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n. Campus sur., 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emílio Virgós
- ESCET, Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n., 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Dário Hipólito
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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11
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Ring SC, Purfield DC, Good M, Breslin P, Ryan E, Blom A, Evans RD, Doherty ML, Bradley DG, Berry DP. Variance components for bovine tuberculosis infection and multi-breed genome-wide association analysis using imputed whole genome sequence data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212067. [PMID: 30763354 PMCID: PMC6375599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease of cattle generally caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium that can elicit disease humans. Since the 1950s, the objective of the national bTB eradication program in Republic of Ireland was the biological extinction of bTB; that purpose has yet to be achieved. Objectives of the present study were to develop the statistical methodology and variance components to undertake routine genetic evaluations for resistance to bTB; also of interest was the detection of regions of the bovine genome putatively associated with bTB infection in dairy and beef breeds. The novelty of the present study, in terms of research on bTB infection, was the use of beef breeds in the genome-wide association and the utilization of imputed whole genome sequence data. Phenotypic bTB data on 781,270 animals together with imputed whole genome sequence data on 7,346 of these animals' sires were available. Linear mixed models were used to quantify variance components for bTB and EBVs were validated. Within-breed and multi-breed genome-wide associations were undertaken using a single-SNP regression approach. The estimated genetic standard deviation (0.09), heritability (0.12), and repeatability (0.30) substantiate that genetic selection help to eradicate bTB. The multi-breed genome-wide association analysis identified 38 SNPs and 64 QTL regions associated with bTB infection; two QTL regions (both on BTA23) identified in the multi-breed analysis overlapped with the within-breed analyses of Charolais, Limousin, and Holstein-Friesian. Results from the association analysis, coupled with previous studies, suggest bTB is controlled by an infinitely large number of loci, each having a small effect. The methodology and results from the present study will be used to develop national genetic evaluations for bTB in the Republic of Ireland. In addition, results can also be used to help uncover the biological architecture underlying resistance to bTB infection in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Ring
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D. C. Purfield
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - M. Good
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - P. Breslin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - E. Ryan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. Blom
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R. D. Evans
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - M. L. Doherty
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D. G. Bradley
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. P. Berry
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Smith GC, Delahay RJ. Modeling as a Decision Support Tool for Bovine TB Control Programs in Wildlife. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:276. [PMID: 30460248 PMCID: PMC6232866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer modeling has a long history of association with epidemiology, and has improved our understanding of the theory of disease dynamics and provided insights into wildlife disease management. A summary of badger bovine TB models and their role in decision making is presented, from a simple initial SEI model, to SEIR (inclusion of a recovered category) and SEI1I2 (inclusion of two stages of disease progression) variants, and subsequent spatially-explicit individual-based models used to assess historical badger management strategies. The integration of cattle into TB models allowed comparison of the predicted impacts of different badger management strategies on cattle herd breakdown rates, and provided an economic dimension to the outputs. Estimates of R0 for bovine TB in cattle and badgers are little higher than unity implying that the disease should be relatively easy to control, which is at odds with practical experience. A cohort of recent models have suggested that combined strategies, involving management of both host species and including vaccination may be most effective. Future models of badger vaccination will need to accommodate the partial protection from infection and likely duration of immunity conferred by the currently available vaccine (BCG). Descriptions of how models could better represent the ecological and epidemiological complexities of the badger-cattle TB system are presented, along with a wider discussion of the utility of modeling for bovine TB management interventions. This includes consideration of the information required to maximize the utility of the next generation of models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham C Smith
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Delahay
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
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Marples NM, Speed MP, Thomas RJ. An individual-based profitability spectrum for understanding interactions between predators and their prey. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Marples
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Eire
| | - Michael P Speed
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bovine tuberculosis. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04959. [PMID: 32625624 PMCID: PMC7009898 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of bovine tuberculosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of bovine tuberculosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to bovine tuberculosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, bovine tuberculosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria as in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (b), (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The main animal species to be listed for bovine tuberculosis according to Article 8(3) criteria are several mammal species, as indicated in the present opinion.
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15
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Use of farm buildings by wild badgers: implications for the transmission of bovine tuberculosis. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-016-1065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Woodroffe R, Donnelly CA, Ham C, Jackson SYB, Moyes K, Chapman K, Stratton NG, Cartwright SJ. Badgers prefer cattle pasture but avoid cattle: implications for bovine tuberculosis control. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:1201-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Woodroffe
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Christl A. Donnelly
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology; MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling; Imperial College London; London W2 1PG UK
| | - Cally Ham
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Seth Y. B. Jackson
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Kelly Moyes
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Kayna Chapman
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Naomi G. Stratton
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
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17
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A review of risk factors for bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle in the UK and Ireland. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:2899-2926. [DOI: 10.1017/s095026881600131x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease of cattle caused by infection withMycobacterium bovis, a pathogen that may be extremely difficult to eradicate in the presence of a true wildlife reservoir. Our objective was to identify and review relevant literature and provide a succinct summary of current knowledge of risk factors for transmission of infection of cattle. Search strings were developed to identify publications from electronic databases to February 2015. Abstracts of 4255 papers identified were reviewed by three reviewers to determine whether the entire article was likely to contain relevant information. Risk factors could be broadly grouped as follows: animal (including nutrition and genetics), herd (including bTB and testing history), environment, wildlife and social factors. Many risk factors are inter-related and study designs often do not enable differentiation between cause and consequence of infection. Despite differences in study design and location, some risk factors are consistently identified, e.g. herd size, bTB history, presence of infected wildlife, whereas the evidence for others is less consistent and coherent, e.g. nutrition, local cattle movements. We have identified knowledge gaps where further research may result in an improved understanding of bTB transmission dynamics. The application of targeted, multifactorial disease control regimens that address a range of risk factors simultaneously is likely to be a key to effective, evidence-informed control strategies.
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19
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Payne A, Chappa S, Hars J, Dufour B, Gilot-Fromont E. Wildlife visits to farm facilities assessed by camera traps in a bovine tuberculosis-infected area in France. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-015-0970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Corner LAL, Stuart LJ, Kelly DJ, Marples NM. Reproductive Biology Including Evidence for Superfetation in the European Badger Meles meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138093. [PMID: 26465324 PMCID: PMC4605486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles) is of wide interest because it is one of the few mammal species that show delayed implantation and one of only five which are suggested to show superfetation as a reproductive strategy. This study aimed to describe the reproductive biology of female Irish badgers with a view to increasing our understanding of the process of delayed implantation and superfetation. We carried out a detailed histological examination of the reproductive tract of 264 female badgers taken from sites across 20 of the 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland. The key results show evidence of multiple blastocysts at different stages of development present simultaneously in the same female, supporting the view that superfetation is relatively common in this population of badgers. In addition we present strong evidence that the breeding rate in Irish badgers is limited by failure to conceive, rather than failure at any other stages of the breeding cycle. We show few effects of age on breeding success, suggesting no breeding suppression by adult females in this population. The study sheds new light on this unusual breeding strategy of delayed implantation and superfetation, and highlights a number of significant differences between the reproductive biology of female Irish badgers and those of Great Britain and Swedish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A. L. Corner
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynsey J. Stuart
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J. Kelly
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola M. Marples
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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21
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The avoidance of farmyards by European badgers Meles meles in a medium density population. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Noonan MJ, Markham A, Newman C, Trigoni N, Buesching CD, Ellwood SA, Macdonald DW. A new Magneto‐Inductive tracking technique to uncover subterranean activity: what do animals do underground? Methods Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Noonan
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Tubney House Abingdon Road, Tubney Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - Andrew Markham
- Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Wolfson Building Parks Road Oxford Oxfordshire OX1 3QD UK
| | - Chris Newman
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Tubney House Abingdon Road, Tubney Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - Niki Trigoni
- Department of Computer Science University of Oxford Wolfson Building Parks Road Oxford Oxfordshire OX1 3QD UK
| | - Christina D. Buesching
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Tubney House Abingdon Road, Tubney Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - Stephen A. Ellwood
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Tubney House Abingdon Road, Tubney Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Tubney House Abingdon Road, Tubney Abingdon Oxfordshire OX13 5QL UK
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Fogarty ES, Manning JK, Trotter MG, Schneider DA, Thomson PC, Bush RD, Cronin GM. GNSS technology and its application for improved reproductive management in extensive sheep systems. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour of Merino ewes during non-oestrus and oestrus were quantified using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tracking devices and direct visual observation. GNSS devices were attached to neck collars and deployed on mixed-age ewes (38 maiden and 40 experienced ewes) following hormonal oestrus synchronisation. The positional accuracy of the GNSS data was validated through a comparative study of GNSS estimates of each animal’s location compared with direct visual observations. Positional accuracy was estimated at 90–94%, for a 4-m and 6-m-buffer radius, respectively. Ewe speed of movement was calculated from the GNSS data and plotted against hour of the day to determine diurnal activity patterns during non-oestrus and oestrus days. Ewes showed increased speed of movement during the early morning of the anticipated day of oestrus compared with the non-oestrus day (P < 0.001). In addition, ewes that increased their speed of movement by 0.05 m/s received 1.4–28.4 times more mounts depending on the hour of the day (P = 0.02). Ewes also displayed an increased speed of movement in the period leading up to maximum sexual activity, defined as the hour in which ewes received the maximum number of mounts. Thereafter, ewe activity decreased. No difference in sexual activity was detected between maiden and experienced ewes. The present study has demonstrated a change in ewe diurnal activity at oestrus, suggesting the onset of sexual activity can be identified as a period of increased speed of movement followed by a return to ‘normal’ activity. The development of commercial remote autonomous monitoring technologies such as GNSS tracking to detect this change in behaviour could facilitate improved reproductive management of sheep in extensive systems.
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