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Preparation, Characterization, and Preliminary Imaging Study of [ 188Re]Re-Ibandronate as a Novel Theranostic Radiopharmaceutical for Bone Metastasis. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:7684076. [PMID: 35280705 PMCID: PMC8896928 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7684076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Bone is a common site of metastasis from a malignant tumor. Several radiopharmaceuticals are available to relieve bone pain in patients with cancer. However, every radiopharmaceutical has its own disadvantages, and there is still a need to investigate easily accessible and high bone affinity radiopharmaceuticals. Ibandronate (IBA) and 188Re were used for radiolabeling to develop and evaluate a novel type of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. Methods The preparation conditions of [188Re]Re-IBA were investigated, and thin-layer chromatography was used to analyze radiochemical purity. The stability, plasma protein binding rate, lipid-water distribution coefficient, safety and biodistribution in normal mice, and bone imaging of [188Re]Re-IBA in New Zealand rabbits were studied. In addition, the nude mice model of bone metastasis was established, and biodistribution and imaging characteristics of [188Re]Re-IBA in these nude mice were studied. Results [188Re]Re-IBA was successfully prepared with radiochemical purity >95%. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows: IBA, 0.8–1.4 mg; ascorbic acid, 0.2–0.5 mg; stannous chloride, 0.14–0.18 mg; potassium perrhenate, 0.005 mg; and [188Re]ReO4− activity, 18.5–296 MBq, reacted for 30 min at 95°C with pH = 2. [188Re]Re-IBA demonstrated good stability, high plasma protein binding rate, good hydrophilicity, and low toxicity. The biodistribution and bone imaging in normal animals showed rapid blood clearance, high bone uptake, low uptake in the solid organs and soft tissue, and high contrast during imaging. The biodistribution and imaging of bone metastasis in nude mice showed that [188Re]Re-IBA has higher uptake in bone metastasis lesions than normal bone. Conclusions Our study encompassed the successful preparation of [188Re]Re-IBA, a novel bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical, and confirmed it has potential in the treatment of bone metastasis and monitoring through imaging.
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Bisphosphonate-Based Conjugates and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer and Metastatic Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136869. [PMID: 34206757 PMCID: PMC8268474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone cancer occurs in every type of cancer but is prevalent in lung, breast, and prostate cancers. These metastases can cause extensive morbidity, including a range of skeletal-related events, often painful and linked with substantial hospital resource usage. The treatment used is a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. However, anticancer drugs are still limited due to severe side effects, drug resistance, poor blood supply, and non-specific drug uptake, necessitating high toxic doses. Bisphosphonates are the main class of drugs utilized to inhibit metastatic bone cancer. It is also used for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. However, bisphosphonate also suffers from serious side effects. Thus, there is a serious need to develop bisphosphonate conjugates with promising therapeutic outcomes for treating metastatic bone cancer and osteoporosis. This review article focuses on the biological outcomes of designed bisphosphonate-based conjugates for the treatment of metastatic bone cancer and osteoporosis.
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Farrell KB, Karpeisky A, Thamm DH, Zinnen S. Bisphosphonate conjugation for bone specific drug targeting. Bone Rep 2018; 9:47-60. [PMID: 29992180 PMCID: PMC6037665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones provide essential functions and are sites of unique biochemistry and specialized cells, but can also be sites of disease. The treatment of bone disorders and neoplasia has presented difficulties in the past, and improved delivery of drugs to bone remains an important goal for achieving effective treatments. Drug targeting strategies have improved drug localization to bone by taking advantage of the high mineral concentration unique to the bone hydroxyapatite matrix, as well as tissue-specific cell types. The bisphosphonate molecule class binds specifically to hydroxyapatite and inhibits osteoclast resorption of bone, providing direct treatment for degenerative bone disorders, and as emerging evidence suggests, cancer. These bone-binding molecules also provide the opportunity to deliver other drugs specifically to bone by bisphosphonate conjugation. Bisphosphonate bone-targeted therapies have been successful in treatment of osteoporosis, primary and metastatic neoplasms of the bone, and other bone disorders, as well as refining bone imaging. In this review, we focus upon the use of bisphosphonate conjugates with antineoplastic agents, and overview bisphosphonate based imaging agents, nanoparticles, and other drugs. We also discuss linker design potential and the current state of bisphosphonate conjugate research progress. Ongoing investigations continue to expand the possibilities for bone-targeted therapeutics and for extending their reach into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B Farrell
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
| | - Alexander Karpeisky
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
| | - Douglas H Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, United States of America
| | - Shawn Zinnen
- MBC Pharma Inc., 12635 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045-0100, United States of America
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Cawthray J, Wasan E, Wasan K. Bone-seeking agents for the treatment of bone disorders. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 7:466-481. [PMID: 28589453 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The targeting and delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to bone tissue presents both a challenge and opportunity. Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, cancer, and bone metastases are all skeletal diseases whose treatment would benefit from new targeted therapeutic strategies. Osteoporosis, in particular, is a very prevalent disease, affecting over one in three women and one in five men in Canada alone with the cost to the healthcare system estimated at over $2.3 billion in 2010. Bone tissue is often considered a rigid structure when in reality there is a process of continuous remodeling that takes place via complex endocrine-regulated cell signaling pathways in addition to the signaling pathways unique to bone tissue. It is these specific boneremodeling processes that provide unique targeting opportunities but also present a number of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Cawthray
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Ellen Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kishor Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Erfani M, Rahmani N, Doroudi A, Shafiei M. Preparation and evaluation of rhenium-188-pamidronate as a palliative treatment in bone metastasis. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 49:1-7. [PMID: 28279906 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rhenium-188-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (188Re-HEDP) as a first generation bisphosphonate has been widely used for bone seeking radiopharmaceutical in cases of metastatic bone disease. No study has been yet reported on preparing a complex of 188Re with pamidronate (3-aminohydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid) (PMA) as a second generation bisphosphonate. Based on this fact, it was hypothesized that a bone-seeking 188Re-PMA radiopharmaceutical could be developed as an agent for palliative radiotherapy of bone pain due to skeletal metastases. METHODS Pamidronate was labeled with 188ReO4- eluted from the alumina based 188W/188Re generator. Labeling was optimized, and radiochemical analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Biodistribution of this radioconjugate was evaluated and verified further in mice. RESULTS 188Re-PMA was prepared successfully in a high labeling yield (˃95%) corresponding to a specific activity of 124MBq/μmol and good in vitro stability, but it is likely to consist of multiple species. In biodistribution studies selective uptake and retention of activity in the skeletal system (0.81±0.25% ID/g and 0.57±0.16 at 4 and 48h in bone post injection respectively) followed by clearance in the soft tissues were observed. CONCLUSION These results show that due to its biological capabilities it would be advantageous to use 188Re-PMA for bone pain palliation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Erfani
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O.Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Rahmani
- School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 61357-33184, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Doroudi
- School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 61357-33184, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O.Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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Lange R, Ter Heine R, Knapp RF, de Klerk JMH, Bloemendal HJ, Hendrikse NH. Pharmaceutical and clinical development of phosphonate-based radiopharmaceuticals for the targeted treatment of bone metastases. Bone 2016; 91:159-79. [PMID: 27496068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic phosphonate-based radiopharmaceuticals radiolabeled with beta, alpha and conversion electron emitting radioisotopes have been investigated for the targeted treatment of painful bone metastases for >35years. We performed a systematic literature search and focused on the pharmaceutical development, preclinical research and early human studies of these radiopharmaceuticals. The characteristics of an ideal bone-targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical are presented and compliance with these criteria by the compounds discussed is verified. The importance of both composition and preparation conditions for the stability and biodistribution of several agents is discussed. Very few studies have described the characterization of these products, although knowledge on the molecular structure is important with respect to in vivo behavior. This review discusses a total of 91 phosphonate-based therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, of which only six agents have progressed to clinical use. Extensive clinical studies have only been described for (186)Re-HEDP, (188)Re-HEDP and (153)Sm-EDTMP. Of these, (153)Sm-EDTMP represents the only compound with worldwide marketing authorization. (177)Lu-EDTMP has recently received approval for clinical use in India. This review illustrates that a thorough understanding of the radiochemistry of these agents is required to design simple and robust preparation and quality control methods, which are needed to fully exploit the potential benefits of these theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. Extensive biodistribution and dosimetry studies are indispensable to provide the portfolios that are required for assessment before human administration is possible. Use of the existing knowledge collected in this review should guide future research efforts and may lead to the approval of new promising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier Lange
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Russ Ff Knapp
- Medical Radioisotope Program, Nuclear Security and Isotope Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - John M H de Klerk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Haiko J Bloemendal
- Department of Internal Medicine/Medical Oncology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Harry Hendrikse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacy, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mallia MB, Shinto AS, Kameswaran M, Kamaleshwaran KK, Kalarikal R, Aswathy K, Banerjee S. A Freeze-Dried Kit for the Preparation of 188Re-HEDP for Bone Pain Palliation: Preparation and Preliminary Clinical Evaluation. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:139-44. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madhava B. Mallia
- Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Radiochemistry & Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajit Sugunan Shinto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Limited, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mythili Kameswaran
- Isotope Production and Applications Division, Radiochemistry & Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Radhakrishnan Kalarikal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Limited, Coimbatore, India
| | - K.K. Aswathy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Limited, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Radiochemistry & Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Fernandes C, Monteiro S, Belchior A, Marques F, Gano L, Correia JDG, Santos I. Novel (188)Re multi-functional bone-seeking compounds: Synthesis, biological and radiotoxic effects in metastatic breast cancer cells. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:150-7. [PMID: 26872439 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiolabeled bisphosphonates (BPs) have been used for bone imaging and delivery of β(-) emitting radionuclides for bone pain palliation. As a β(-) emitter, (188)Re has been considered particularly promising for bone metastases therapy. Aimed at finding innovative bone-seeking agents for systemic radiotherapy of bone metastases, we describe herein novel organometallic compounds of the type fac-[(188)Re(CO)3(k(3)-L)], (L=BP-containing chelator), their in vitro and in vivo stability, and their cellular damage in MDAMB231 cells, a metastatic breast cancer cell line. METHODS After synthesis and characterization of the novel organometallic compounds of the type fac-[(188)Re(CO)3(k(3)-L)] their radiochemical purity and in vitro stability was assessed by HPLC. In vivo stability and pharmacokinetic profile were evaluated in mice and the radiocytotoxic activity and DNA damage were assessed by MTT assay and by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, respectively. RESULTS Among all complexes, (188)Re3 was obtained with high radiochemical purity (>95%) and high specific activity and presented high in vitro and in vivo stability. Biodistribution studies of (188)Re3 in Balb/c mice showed fast blood clearance, high bone uptake (16.1 ± 3.3% IA/g organ, 1h p.i.) and high bone-to-blood and bone-to-muscle radioactivity ratios, indicating that it is able to deliver radiation to bone in a very selective way. The radiocytotoxic effect elicited by (188)Re3 in the MDAMB231 cells was dependent on its concentration, and was higher than that induced by identical concentrations of [(188)ReO4](-). Additionally, (188)Re3 elicited morphological changes in the cells and induced DNA damage by the increased number of MN observed. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results demonstrate that (188)Re3 could be considered an attractive candidate for further preclinical evaluation for systemic radionuclide therapy of bone metastases considering its ability to deliver radiation to bone in a very selective way and to induce radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), LRS, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Monteiro
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), LRS, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Ana Belchior
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), LRS, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), LRS, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), LRS, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), LRS, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), LRS, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
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Czaplewska JA, Theil F, Altuntas E, Niksch T, Freesmeyer M, Happ B, Pretzel D, Schäfer H, Obata M, Yano S, Schubert US, Gottschaldt M. Glycoconjugated Rhenium(I) and 99m-Technetium(I) Carbonyl Complexes from Pyridyltriazole Ligands Obtained by “Click Chemistry”. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Ilem-Ozdemir D, Gundogdu E, Ekinci M, Ozgenc E, Asikoglu M. Comparative permeability studies with radioactive and nonradioactive risedronate sodium from self-microemulsifying drug delivery system and solution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1493-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.959022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ferreira S, Dormehl I, Botelho MF. Radiopharmaceuticals for bone metastasis therapy and beyond: a voyage from the past to the present and a look to the future. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:535-51. [PMID: 23075374 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer can be divided into primary and secondary (metastatic) bone cancer. Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary bone cancer, but still is a rare cancer. The development of bone metastases is a common event for the cancer patient and the main cause of treatment failure and death, being chronic pain syndrome the most important complication. There are currently several therapeutic modalities for the treatment of metastatic bone disease, including radiation therapy. Treatment with radionuclides (β- and α-particle emitters and Auger electron cascades) is a safe and effective tool of medicine. There is a great deal of interest in diphosphonic acids in nuclear medicine as ligands for radiometals in bone-seeking diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Several radiopharmaceuticals have been designed with the phosphonates as ligands. A recent approach to develop an effective radiopharmaceutical for therapy of bone cancer was the design of a water-soluble polymer that would exploit the disrupted vasculature in tumors according to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. To enhance the effect of radionuclide therapy on the cancer cells, new strategies have recently been investigated, such as the combined radionuclide and chemotherapy, high-dose radionuclide therapy, and repeated radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferreira
- Biophysics Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research in Light and Image, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Lin J, Qiu L, Cheng W, Luo S, Xue L, Zhang S. Development of superior bone scintigraphic agent from a series of 99mTc-labeled zoledronic acid derivatives. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:848-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Methylene diphosphonate-conjugated adriamycin liposomes: preparation, characteristics, and targeted therapy for osteosarcomas in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:497-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Lin J, Qiu L, Cheng W, Luo S, Ye W. Preparation and in vivo biological investigations on a novel radioligand for bone scanning: technetium-99m-labeled zoledronic acid derivative. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:619-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bhattacharyya S, Dixit M. Metallic radionuclides in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6112-28. [PMID: 21541393 PMCID: PMC3716284 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallic radionuclides are the mainstay of both diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Therapeutic nuclear medicine is less advanced but has tremendous potential if the radionuclide is accurately targeted. Great interest exists in the field of inorganic chemistry for developing target specific radiopharmaceuticals based on radiometals for non-invasive disease detection and cancer radiotherapy. This perspective will focus on the nuclear properties of a few important radiometals and their recent applications to developing radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy. Other topics for discussion will include imaging techniques, radiotherapy, analytical techniques, and radiation safety. The ultimate goal of this perspective is to introduce inorganic chemists to the field of nuclear medicine and radiopharmaceutical development, where many applications of fundamental inorganic chemistry can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaprasad Bhattacharyya
- Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) at Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Bldg. 376, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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de Rosales RTM, Finucane C, Mather SJ, Blower PJ. Bifunctional bisphosphonate complexes for the diagnosis and therapy of bone metastases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4847-9. [PMID: 19652801 PMCID: PMC7116767 DOI: 10.1039/b908652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Easily synthesised and structurally well-defined novel imaging/therapeutic radiopharmaceutical agents for bone metastases are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Torres Martin de Rosales
- Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas Hospital, London, UK SE1 7EH. Fax: +44 (0)2071885442; Tel: +44 (0)2071889513
| | - C. Finucane
- Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK EC1M 6BQ. Fax: +44 (0)2070140431; Tel: +44 (0)2070140467
| | - S. J. Mather
- Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and The London School of Medicine, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK EC1M 6BQ. Fax: +44 (0)2070140431; Tel: +44 (0)2070140467
| | - P. J. Blower
- Division of Imaging Sciences, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St. Thomas Hospital, London, UK SE1 7EH. Fax: +44 (0)2071885442; Tel: +44 (0)2071889513
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El-Mabhouh AA, Mercer JR. 188Re-labelled gemcitabine/bisphosphonate (Gem/BP): a multi-functional, bone-specific agent as a potential treatment for bone metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1240-8. [PMID: 18265977 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the bone-binding affinity and biodistribution of a (188)Re-labelled gemcitabine/bisphosphonate (Gem/BP) conjugate, a multi-functional drug designed to deliver tumour-specific combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy to the bone using the high bone-binding affinity of the bisphosphonate group. METHODS The Gem/BP conjugate was labelled at high radiochemical purity with (188)Re. The bone-binding affinity of the (188)Re-Gem/BP was studied in vitro in purified hydroxyapatite emulsion and powdered bovine bone. In vivo biodistribution studies were carried out in normal BALB/c mice. RESULTS (188)Re-Gem/BP demonstrated strong and stable binding in both in vitro systems. In vivo (188)Re-Gem/BP showed bone uptake, rapid blood clearance and rapid elimination of unbound activity. The bone tissue demonstrated the highest concentration of bound radioactivity exempting the kidneys. Approximately 67% of retained whole-body activity was bound to the bone at 8 h after (188)Re-Gem/BP administration. CONCLUSIONS (188)Re-Gem/BP demonstrated high, selective and persistent bone binding and can be considered as a model compound for multi-functional bone-specific therapy for bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A El-Mabhouh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G-2N8
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Xiong QF, Chen Y, He L, Deng CL, Huang ZW, Li JL. Study of Apoptosis Induced by 188Re-DTPA-DG in MCF-7 Breast Carcinoma and A549 Pulmonary Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2007; 22:543-50. [PMID: 17803449 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2007.367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate apoptosis induced by rehenium-188-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-glucosamine (188Re-DTPA-DG) in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and A549 pulmonary carcinoma cells. METHODS Through the use of flow cytometry (FCM) with CBA software to detect apoptosis, cells of both the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were divided into groups exposed to 188Re-DTPA-DG, 188Re-perrhenate (188ReO4-), and saline, respectively. The first two groups were further divided into subgroups on the basis of their exposure to radioactivity at 37, 55.5, or 74 kBq/mL, with the saline-exposed group divided into three corresponding subgroups. Each subgroup was introduced into 5 replicate wells of a culture plate, and the morphology of the cells in each well was determined by flow cytometry at 6-hour intervals for 18 hours. In order to determine the affinity of 188Re-DTPA-DG for tumor tissue, the biodistribution of the radiolabeled agent was assessed in breast tumor-bearing nude mice. RESULTS Change in morphology of the cell nucleus was more evident in the 188Re-DTPA-DG-treated than in the 188ReO4--treated group, and no change in nuclear morphology was seen in the saline-exposed group. The study data suggested that there was a greater ratio of apoptotic to nonapoptotic cells among the 188Re-DTPA-DG-treated than among the 188ReO4--treated or saline-exposed cells (p<0.01), and a greater change in cell-nuclear morphology in the 188Re-DTPA-DG-treated than in the 188ReO4--treated cells. Furthermore, 188Re-DTPA-DG had a more significant apoptosis-inducing effect on both MCF-7 and A549 cells than did 188ReO4-. The biodistribution study in tumor-bearing nude mice showed that the concentration of 188Re-DTPA-DG in tumor tissue was much higher than in normal tissue, that 188Re-DTPA-DG was rapidly cleared from the blood, and that the main route of its clearance was via the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS 188Re-DTPA-DG has a significant apoptotic effect on carcinoma cells. 188Re-DTPA-DG is an effective radiopharmaceutical for intratumoral radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Feng Xiong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
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El-Mabhouh AA, Angelov CA, Cavell R, Mercer JR. A 99mTc-labeled gemcitabine bisphosphonate drug conjugate as a probe to assess the potential for targeted chemotherapy of metastatic bone cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:715-22. [PMID: 16934690 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel compound with the potential for "targeted" therapy for cancer patients was prepared using a conjugate between the potent anticancer drug Gemzar (gemcitabine) and a bisphosphonate. This conjugate would be expected to accumulate at sites of bone metastatic cancer by virtue of an affinity of the bisphosphonate for bone undergoing osteoclastic and osteoblastic remodeling. Release of the anticancer drug at the site of the tumor would provide high local concentrations of the drug but avoid systemic toxicity. METHODS The conjugate was tested for bone binding by labeling with technetium-99m and using an in vitro test procedure with either purified hydroxyapatite (HA) or powdered bovine bone. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies in mice were used to determine the excretion and bone-binding characteristics of the test compound. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The conjugate binds readily to powdered bone and HA using the in vitro test systems. In animal studies, the conjugate is found predominantly in bone with low soft tissue uptake after intravenous dosing. Unbound compound undergoes renal excretion. The gemcitabine bisphosphonate complex is a promising lead compound for investigation in metastatic bone cancer that may provide a therapeutic effect without undue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A El-Mabhouh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8, Canada
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Zhang S, Gangal G, Uludağ H. 'Magic bullets' for bone diseases: progress in rational design of bone-seeking medicinal agents. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 36:507-31. [PMID: 17325789 DOI: 10.1039/b512310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An ideal therapeutic agent for bone diseases should act solely on bone tissue with no pharmacological activity at other anatomical sites. Current therapeutic agents, however, do not usually display a preferential affinity to bones and non-specifically distribute throughout the body after administration. Attempts to design bone-specific agents have relied on engineering a desired therapeutic agent with bone-seeking molecules so that the latter delivers the therapeutic agents specifically to bones. In this critical review, we summarize the latest attempts to engineer bone-seeking therapeutic agents based on formulating therapeutic agents with bisphosphonates, a class of compounds with high affinity to biological apatite. We first provide a relevant summary of the structure of bone mineral and bisphosphonates, highlighting the mode of interaction between these two entities. The use of bisphosphonates in the diagnosis of bone diseases is then presented, since this application helps us to understand the bone-carrier properties of bisphosphonates under physiological conditions. A summary of recent attempts to formulate bisphosphonates with traditional therapeutic agents to restrict their activities to bone tissues is then provided, with special emphasis on the structure-function relationships of the engineered compounds. Finally, attempts to use bisphosphonates to deliver macromolecular therapeutics (i.e., proteins) are summarized, based on recent data from the authors' lab. The collective research into bone-seeking medicinal agents is progressively laying the foundation for next-generation 'magic bullets' that display desirable activities at the disease sites with no undesirable activity on other organ systems. (164 references.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G6
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