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Bubli SY, Smolag M, Blackwell E, Lin YC, Tsavalas JG, Li L. Inducing an LCST in hydrophilic polysaccharides via engineered macromolecular hydrophobicity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14896. [PMID: 37689784 PMCID: PMC10492858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polysaccharide-based materials with tunable transition temperatures regulating phase-separated microdomains offer substantial opportunities in tissue engineering and biomedical applications. To develop novel synthetic thermoresponsive polysaccharides, we employed versatile chemical routes to attach hydrophobic adducts to the backbone of hydrophilic dextran and gradually increased the hydrophobicity of the dextran chains to engineer phase separation. Conjugating methacrylate moieties to the dextran backbone yielded a continuous increase in macromolecular hydrophobicity that induced a reversible phase transition whose lower critical solution temperature can be modulated via variations in polysaccharide concentration, molecular weight, degree of methacrylation, ionic strength, surfactant, urea and Hofmeister salts. The phase separation is driven by increased hydrophobic interactions of methacrylate residues, where the addition of surfactant and urea disassociates hydrophobic interactions and eliminates phase transition. Morphological characterization of phase-separated dextran solutions via scanning electron and flow imaging microscopy revealed the formation of microdomains upon phase transition. These novel thermoresponsive dextrans exhibited promising cytocompatibility in cell culture where the phase transition exerted negligible effects on the attachment, spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Leveraging the conjugated methacrylate groups, we employed photo-initiated radical polymerization to generate phase-separated hydrogels with distinct microdomains. Our bottom-up approach to engineering macromolecular hydrophobicity of conventional hydrophilic, non-phase separating dextrans to induce robust phase transition and generate thermoresponsive phase-separated biomaterials will find applications in mechanobiology, tissue repair and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Yesmin Bubli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Matthew Smolag
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Ellen Blackwell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Yung-Chun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - John G Tsavalas
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Linqing Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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2
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Singh R, Sharma A, Saji J, Umapathi A, Kumar S, Daima HK. Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:21. [PMID: 35569081 PMCID: PMC9108129 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Innovations in nanomedicine has guided the improved outcomes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, frequent use of nanomaterials remains challenging due to specific limitations like non-targeted distribution causing low signal-to-noise ratio for diagnostics, complex fabrication, reduced-biocompatibility, decreased photostability, and systemic toxicity of nanomaterials within the body. Thus, better nanomaterial-systems with controlled physicochemical and biological properties, form the need of the hour. In this context, smart nanomaterials serve as promising solution, as they can be activated under specific exogenous or endogenous stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzymes, or a particular biological molecule. The properties of smart nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for various applications like biosensors, controlled drug release, and treatment of various diseases. Recently, smart nanomaterial-based cancer theranostic approaches have been developed, and they are displaying better selectivity and sensitivity with reduced side-effects in comparison to conventional methods. In cancer therapy, the smart nanomaterials-system only activates in response to tumor microenvironment (TME) and remains in deactivated state in normal cells, which further reduces the side-effects and systemic toxicities. Thus, the present review aims to describe the stimulus-based classification of smart nanomaterials, tumor microenvironment-responsive behaviour, and their up-to-date applications in cancer theranostics. Besides, present review addresses the development of various smart nanomaterials and their advantages for diagnosing and treating cancer. Here, we also discuss about the drug targeting and sustained drug release from nanocarriers, and different types of nanomaterials which have been engineered for this intent. Additionally, the present challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in effective cancer diagnosis and therapeutics have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Singh
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, China.
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joel Saji
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akhela Umapathi
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, Shandong, China
| | - Hemant Kumar Daima
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Xu S, Trujillo FJ, Xu J, Boyer C, Corrigan N. Influence of Molecular Weight Distribution on the Thermoresponsive Transition of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100212. [PMID: 34121259 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) homopolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) is prepared via photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. The thermal transition temperature of these polymer samples is analyzed via turbidity measurements in water/N,N'-dimethylformamide mixtures, which show that the cloud point temperatures are inversely proportional to the weight average molecular weight (Mw ). Binary mixtures of the narrowly distributed PNIPAm samples are also prepared and the statistical parameters for the MWDs of these blends are determined. Very interestingly, for binary blends of the PNIPAm samples, the thermoresponsive transition is not only dependent on the Mw , which has been shown previously, but also on higher order statistical parameters of the MWDs. Specifically, at very high values of skewness and kurtosis, the polymer blends deviate from a single sharp thermoresponsive transition toward a broader thermal response, and eventually to a regime of two more distinct transitions. This work highlights the importance of in-depth characterization of polymer MWDs for thermoresponsive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Francisco J Trujillo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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4
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Kolouchová K, Lobaz V, Beneš H, de la Rosa VR, Babuka D, Švec P, Černoch P, Hrubý M, Hoogenboom R, Štěpánek P, Groborz O. Thermoresponsive properties of polyacrylamides in physiological solutions. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that the cloud point temperature (TCP) of thermoresponsive polyacrylamides is considerably lower in physiologically relevant solvents (phosphate-buffered saline, serum) than in pure water. This decrease of TCP may be critical for some biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Volodymyr Lobaz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Victor R. de la Rosa
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- AVROXA BV, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2, 121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Černoch
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Science, Heyrovsky square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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5
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Kolouchova K, Jirak D, Groborz O, Sedlacek O, Ziolkowska N, Vit M, Sticova E, Galisova A, Svec P, Trousil J, Hajek M, Hruby M. Implant-forming polymeric 19F MRI-tracer with tunable dissolution. J Control Release 2020; 327:50-60. [PMID: 32730953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 19F-based tracers has emerged as a promising multi-purpose noninvasive diagnostic tool and its application requires the use of various 19F-based tracers for the intended diagnostic purpose. In this study, we report a series of double-stimuli-responsive polymers for use as injectable implants, which were designed to form implants under physiological conditions, and to subsequently dissolve with different dissolution rates (t1/2 ranges from 30 to more than 250 days). Our polymers contain a high concentration of fluorine atoms, providing remarkable signal detectability, and both a hydrophilic monomer and a pH-responsive monomer that alter the biodistribution properties of the implant. The implant location and dissolution were observed using 19F MRI, which allows the anatomic extent of the implant to be monitored. The dissolution kinetics and biocompatibility of these materials were thoroughly analyzed. No sign of toxicity in vitro or in vivo or pathology in vivo was observed, even in chronic administration. The clinical applicability of our polymers was further confirmed via imaging of a rat model by employing an instrument currently used in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Science and Research, Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Science, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo square 542/2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalia Ziolkowska
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vit
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechatronics Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Galisova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hajek
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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6
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Pereira Gomes I, Aparecida Duarte J, Chaves Maia AL, Rubello D, Townsend DM, Branco de Barros AL, Leite EA. Thermosensitive Nanosystems Associated with Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E171. [PMID: 31775273 PMCID: PMC6958340 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy regimens have limitations due to serious adverse effects. Targeted drug delivery systems to reduce systemic toxicity are a powerful drug development platform. Encapsulation of antitumor drug(s) in thermosensitive nanocarriers is an emerging approach with a promise to improve uptake and increase therapeutic efficacy, as they can be activated by hyperthermia selectively at the tumor site. In this review, we focus on thermosensitive nanosystems associated with hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer, in preclinical and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pereira Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Chaves Maia
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Trasfusional Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Elaine Amaral Leite
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Venditti I, Cartoni A, Fontana L, Testa G, Scaramuzzo F, Faccini R, Terracciano CM, Camillocci ES, Morganti S, Giordano A, Scotognella T, Rotili D, Dini V, Marini F, Fratoddi I. Y3+ embedded in polymeric nanoparticles: Morphology, dimension and stability of composite colloidal system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Sedlacek O, Monnery BD, Mattova J, Kucka J, Panek J, Janouskova O, Hocherl A, Verbraeken B, Vergaelen M, Zadinova M, Hoogenboom R, Hruby M. Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) conjugates with doxorubicin for cancer therapy: In vitro and in vivo evaluation and direct comparison to poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] analogues. Biomaterials 2017; 146:1-12. [PMID: 28892751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a new delivery system for the anticancer drug doxorubicin based on a biocompatible hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) carrier with linear architecture and narrow molar mass distribution. The drug is connected to the polymer backbone via an acid-sensitive hydrazone linker, which allows its triggered release in the tumor. The in vitro studies demonstrate successful cellular uptake of conjugates followed by release of the cytostatic cargo. In vivo experiments in EL4 lymphoma bearing mice revealed prolonged blood circulation, increased tumor accumulation and enhanced antitumor efficacy of the PEtOx conjugate having higher molecular weight (40 kDa) compared to the lower molecular weight (20 kDa) polymer. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer properties of the prepared PEtOx conjugates were critically compared with those of the analogous system based on the well-established PHPMA carrier. Despite the relatively slower intracellular uptake of PEtOx conjugates, resulting also in their lower cytotoxicity, there are no substantial differences in in vivo biodistribution and anti-cancer efficacy of both classes of polymer-Dox conjugates. Considering the synthetic advantages of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s, the presented study demonstrates their potential as a versatile alternative to well-known PEO- or PHPMA-based materials for construction of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Sedlacek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Bryn D Monnery
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Mattova
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kucka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Panek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janouskova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anita Hocherl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Zadinova
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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9
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Sano K, Kanada Y, Kanazaki K, Ding N, Ono M, Saji H. Brachytherapy with Intratumoral Injections of Radiometal-Labeled Polymers That Thermoresponsively Self-Aggregate in Tumor Tissues. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1380-1385. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.189993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Hrubý M, Kučka J, Pánek J, Štěpánek P. Seven years of radionuclide laboratory at IMC - important achievements. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S191-S201. [PMID: 27762585 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For many important research topics in polymer science the use of radionuclides brings significant benefits concerning nanotechnology, polymer drug delivery systems, tissue engineering etc. This contribution describes important achievements of the radionuclide laboratory at Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMC) in the area of polymers for biomedical applications. Particular emphasis will be given to water-soluble polymer carriers of radionuclides, thermoresponsive polymer radionuclide carriers, thermoresponsive polymers for local brachytherapy, polymer scaffolds modified with (radiolabeled) peptides and polymer copper chelators for the therapy of Wilson´s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Ren L, Tang C. Metal-containing and related polymers for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5232-63. [PMID: 26910408 PMCID: PMC4996776 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A survey of the most recent progress in the biomedical applications of metal-containing polymers is given. Due to the unique optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties, at least 30 different metal elements, most of them transition metals, are introduced into polymeric frameworks for interactions with biology-relevant substrates via various means. Inspired by the advance of metal-containing small molecular drugs and promoted by the great progress in polymer chemistry, metal-containing polymers have gained momentum during recent decades. According to their different applications, this review summarizes the following biomedical applications: (1) metal-containing polymers as drug delivery vehicles; (2) metal-containing polymeric drugs and biocides, including antimicrobial and antiviral agents, anticancer drugs, photodynamic therapy agents, radiotherapy agents and biocides; (3) metal-containing polymers as biosensors, and (4) metal-containing polymers in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical, University, Xi’an, Shannxi, 710129, China
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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12
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Černoch P, Černochová Z, Kučka J, Hrubý M, Petrova S, Štěpánek P. Thermoresponsive polymer system based on poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) intended for local radiotherapy applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 98:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Sedláček O, Kučka J, Hrubý M. Optimized protocol for the radioiodination of hydrazone-type polymer drug delivery systems. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 95:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Formation of DNA adducts by ellipticine and its micellar form in rats - a comparative study. SENSORS 2014; 14:22982-97. [PMID: 25479328 PMCID: PMC4299049 DOI: 10.3390/s141222982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The requirements for early diagnostics as well as effective treatment of cancer diseases have increased the pressure on development of efficient methods for targeted drug delivery as well as imaging of the treatment success. One of the most recent approaches covering the drug delivery aspects is benefitting from the unique properties of nanomaterials. Ellipticine and its derivatives are efficient anticancer compounds that function through multiple mechanisms. Formation of covalent DNA adducts after ellipticine enzymatic activation is one of the most important mechanisms of its pharmacological action. In this study, we investigated whether ellipticine might be released from its micellar (encapsulated) form to generate covalent adducts analogous to those formed by free ellipticine. The 32P-postlabeling technique was used as a useful imaging method to detect and quantify covalent ellipticine-derived DNA adducts. We compared the efficiencies of free ellipticine and its micellar form (the poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PAGE-PEO) block copolymer, P 119 nanoparticles) to form ellipticine-DNA adducts in rats in vivo. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that treatment of rats with ellipticine in micelles resulted in formation of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts in vivo and suggest that a gradual release of ellipticine from its micellar form might produce the enhanced permeation and retention effect of this ellipticine-micellar delivery system.
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15
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Zhu W, Zhang K, Chen Y. Block copolymer micelles as carriers of transition metal ions Y(III) and Cu(II) and gelation thereof. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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de la Puente P, Azab AK. Delivery systems for brachytherapy. J Control Release 2014; 192:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Chelating polymeric beads as potential therapeutics for Wilson's disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:1-7. [PMID: 24815561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder caused by a malfunction of ATPase 7B that leads to high accumulation of copper in the organism and consequent toxic effects. We propose a gentle therapy to eliminate the excessive copper content with oral administration of insoluble non-resorbable polymer sorbents containing selective chelating groups for copper(II). Polymeric beads with the chelating agents triethylenetetramine, N,N-di(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQB) were investigated. In a preliminary copper uptake experiment, we found that 8HQB significantly reduced copper uptake (using copper-64 as a radiotracer) after oral administration in Wistar rats. Furthermore, we measured organ radioactivity in rats to demonstrate that 8HQB radiolabelled with iodine-125 is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Non-resorbability and the blockade of copper uptake were also confirmed with small animal imaging (PET/CT) in mice. In a long-term experiment with Wistar rats fed a diet containing the polymers, we have found that there were no signs of polymer toxicity and the addition of polymers to the diet led to a significant reduction in the copper contents in the kidneys, brains, and livers of the rats. We have shown that polymers containing specific ligands could potentially be novel therapeutics for Wilson's disease.
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18
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Karir T, Sarma HD, Samuel G, Hassan PA, Padmanabhan D, Venkatesh M. Preparation and evaluation of radioiodinated thermoresponsive polymer based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) for radiotherapy. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarveen Karir
- Quality Control Group; Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology; Department of Atomic Energy; Navi Mumbai 400703 India
| | - Haladhar D. Sarma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Grace Samuel
- Quality Control Group; Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology; Department of Atomic Energy; Navi Mumbai 400703 India
| | | | - D. Padmanabhan
- Quality Control Group; Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology; Department of Atomic Energy; Navi Mumbai 400703 India
| | - Meera Venkatesh
- Quality Control Group; Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology; Department of Atomic Energy; Navi Mumbai 400703 India
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19
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Abstract
Interest in thermoresponsive polymers has steadily grown over many decades, and a great deal of work has been dedicated to developing temperature sensitive macromolecules that can be crafted into new smart materials. However, the overwhelming majority of previously reported temperature-responsive polymers are based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), despite the fact that a wide range of other thermoresponsive polymers have demonstrated similar promise for the preparation of adaptive materials. Herein, we aim to highlight recent results that involve thermoresponsive systems that have not yet been as fully considered. Many of these (co)polymers represent clear opportunities for advancements in emerging biomedical and materials fields due to their increased biocompatibility and tuneable response. By highlighting recent examples of newly developed thermoresponsive polymer systems, we hope to promote the development of new generations of smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA
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20
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Škodová M, Černoch P, Štěpánek P, Chánová E, Kučka J, Kálalová Z, Kaňková D, Hrubý M. Self-assembled polymeric chelate nanoparticles as potential theranostic agents. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:4244-50. [PMID: 23132772 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in cancer diagnostics and therapy have recently attracted the interest of many different branches of science. This study presents one of the new possible approaches in the diagnostics and therapy of cancer by using polymeric chelates as carriers. Graft copolymers with a backbone containing 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid chelating groups and poly(ethylene oxide) hydrophilic grafts are synthesized and characterized. The polymers assemble and form particles after the addition of a biometal cation, such as iron or copper. The obtained nanoparticles exhibit a hydrodynamic diameter of around 25 nm and a stability of at least several hours, which are counted as essential parameters for biomedical purposes. To prove their biodegradability, a model degradation with deferoxamine is performed and, together with high radiolabeling efficiency with copper-64, their possible use for nuclear medicine purposes is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Škodová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Czech Republic.
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21
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Filippov SK, Sedlacek O, Bogomolova A, Vetrik M, Jirak D, Kovar J, Kucka J, Bals S, Turner S, Stepanek P, Hruby M. Glycogen as a Biodegradable Construction Nanomaterial for in vivo Use. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1731-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Thermoresponsive polymeric radionuclide delivery system--an injectable brachytherapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 42:484-8. [PMID: 21324355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brachytherapy is of increasing popularity in clinical oncology for the local therapy of solid tumors due to high radiation doses delivered to malignant tissue while keeping the whole-body radiation burden low. Pronounced dose-dependent tumor growth reduction was achieved by single dose of injectable intratumoral brachytherapy with iodine-131-labeled thermoresponsive polymer [poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)] in murine xenograft model (PC3 human prostate adenocarcinoma). The two doses of radionuclide were used, 2 MBq/mouse and 25 MBq/mouse. The higher dose caused gradual tumor volume reduction and 2 of 6 mice from this group were cured. The lower dose caused tumor growth retardation only. In both cases there were no signs of inflammation. The effects of both doses were statistically significant compared to untreated controls. Such injectable system should keep advantages of brachytherapy while making system administration easier and less invasive (injection instead of implantation), patient-tailored (splitting of doses into several depoes) and bioerodable.
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23
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Kučka J, Hrubý M, Lebeda O. Biodistribution of a radiolabelled thermoresponsive polymer in mice. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:1073-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Hruby M, Filippov SK, Panek J, Novakova M, Mackova H, Kucka J, Vetvicka D, Ulbrich K. Polyoxazoline Thermoresponsive Micelles as Radionuclide Delivery Systems. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:916-24. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Injectable intratumoral depot of thermally responsive polypeptide-radionuclide conjugates delays tumor progression in a mouse model. J Control Release 2010; 144:2-9. [PMID: 20117157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated a biodegradable drug delivery system for local cancer radiotherapy consisting of a thermally sensitive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) conjugated to a therapeutic radionuclide. Two ELPs (49 kDa) were synthesized using genetic engineering to test the hypothesis that injectable biopolymeric depots can retain radionuclides locally and reduce the growth of tumors. A thermally sensitive polypeptide, ELP(1), was designed to spontaneously undergo a soluble-insoluble phase transition (forming viscous microparticles) between room temperature and body temperature upon intratumoral injection, while ELP(2) was designed to remain soluble upon injection and to serve as a negative control for the effect of aggregate assembly. After intratumoral administration of radionuclide conjugates of ELPs into implanted tumor xenografts in nude mice, their retention within the tumor, spatio-temporal distribution, and therapeutic effect were quantified. The residence time of the radionuclide-ELP(1) in the tumor was significantly longer than the thermally insensitive ELP(2) conjugate. In addition, the thermal transition of ELP(1) significantly protected the conjugated radionuclide from dehalogenation, whereas the conjugated radionuclide on ELP(2) was quickly eliminated from the tumor and cleaved from the biopolymer. These attributes of the thermally sensitive ELP(1) depot improved the antitumor efficacy of iodine-131 compared to the soluble ELP(2) control. This novel injectable and biodegradable depot has the potential to control advanced-stage cancers by reducing the bulk of inoperable tumors, enabling surgical removal of de-bulked tumors, and preserving healthy tissues.
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26
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Kozempel J, Hrubý M, Nováková M, Kučka J, Lešetický L, Lebeda O. Novel polymer vectors of 64Cu. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a preparation of novel polymer vectors of 64Cu based on co-polymers of poly- (N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly- (N-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide). DOTA, DTPA, dipicolylamine, thiosemicarbazone and Ag-ionophore-II ligands were tested to bind 64Cu in a polymer chain. Labeling yields with no-carrier-added 64Cu varied from 95 to 99% in 30 min. at laboratory temperature. Vectors were stable in vitro for 24 h in human serum and might be prospective for targeted 64Cu radio or combined radiochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Hrubý
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Prague 6,, Tschechische Republik
| | - Michaela Nováková
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Nuclear Physics Institute, Řež, Tschechische Republik
| | - Jan Kučka
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Nuclear Physics Institute, Řež, Tschechische Republik
| | - Ladislav Lešetický
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Prag 2, Tschechische Republik
| | - O. Lebeda
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Nuclear Physics Institute, , Řež, Tschechische Republik
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27
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Hruby M, Kucka J, Novakova M, Mackova H, Vetrik M. New coupling strategy for radionuclide labeling of synthetic polymers. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 68:334-9. [PMID: 20004106 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a radiolabeling strategy for synthetic polymers based on the formation of azo dye usable for both covalent and chelating labeling modalities under mild conditions. Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) were used as model polymers. N-methacryloyl tyrosinamide was introduced into the polymers and the phenolic moiety was then reacted with diazotized chelator precursors. The conjugates were radiolabeled with both the covalently bound (iodine-125) and chelated (indium-111) radionuclides in high yields and sufficient in vitro stability of the labels was proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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28
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Hruby M, Konak C, Kucka J, Vetrik M, Filippov SK, Vetvicka D, Mackova H, Karlsson G, Edwards K, Rihova B, Ulbrich K. Thermoresponsive, Hydrolytically Degradable Polymer Micelles Intended for Radionuclide Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:1016-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Rockwood DN, Chase DB, Akins RE, Rabolt JF. Characterization of electrospun poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) fibers. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Synthesis, spectroscopic and structural elucidation of tyrosinamide hydrogensquarate monohydrate. Amino Acids 2008; 36:195-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Fundueanu G, Constantin M, Bortolotti F, Cortesi R, Ascenzi P, Menegatti E. Poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide-co-(hydroxyethylmethacrylate))] thermoresponsive microspheres: An accurate method based on solute exclusion technique to determine the volume phase transition temperature. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Hruby M, Kucka J, Lebeda O, Mackova H, Babic M, Konak C, Studenovsky M, Sikora A, Kozempel J, Ulbrich K. New bioerodable thermoresponsive polymers for possible radiotherapeutic applications. J Control Release 2007; 119:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 02/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Bhattacharyya D, Pillai K, Chyan OMR, Tang L, Timmons RB. A NEW CLASS OF THIN FILM HYDROGELS PRODUCED BY PLASMA POLYMERIZATION. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2007; 19:2222-2228. [PMID: 19079730 PMCID: PMC2600724 DOI: 10.1021/cm0630688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple, direct route to preparation of surface immobilized hydrogel films is described. Specifically, low pressure RF pulsed plasma polymerization of 1-amino-2-propanol and 2-(ethylamino)ethanol monomers produced thin hydrogel films deposited on substrates located in the plasma reactor. The successful syntheses were carried out under plasma conditions which not only yield the hydrogel but are also sufficiently energetic to produce films strongly grafted to the substrates. The polymer films obtained exhibit the thermoresponsive property of hydrogels, as shown by film color change with temperature. Additional evidence for the phase transition properties of these films was obtained using water contact angle and capillary rise measurements. The plasma polymerization approach provides an unusually simple route to synthesis of hydrogels in which the films are pin-hole free and are of easily controlled thickness. An important added advantage, particularly for applications involving biomaterials, is the conformal property of the plasma generated polymer films. The results obtained suggest that this approach should be applicable to a variety of other monomers and, based on differences observed with the present two monomers, suggest synthesis of films which exhibit a range of phase transition temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX – 76019-0065
| | | | | | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX – 76019-0138
| | - Richard B. Timmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX – 76019-0065
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