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Moon BS, Park HS, Sunwoo J, Lee IH, Kim A, Moon SJ, Lee H, Son MH, Kim SB, Park SM, Woo SK, Jang JH, Kim BS, Kim JH, Kim SE, Lee H. Tissue pharmacokinetics of DHP107, a novel lipid-based oral formulation of paclitaxel, in mice and patients by positron emission tomography. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1747-1755. [PMID: 34085761 PMCID: PMC8504807 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DHP107 is a newly developed lipid‐based oral formulation of paclitaxel. We evaluated the in vivo tissue pharmacokinetics (PKs) of DHP107 in mice and patients using positron emission tomography (PET). Radioisotope‐labeled [3H]DHP107 and [18F]DHP107 for oral administration were formulated in the same manner as the manufacturing process of DHP107. In vivo tissue PK were assessed in healthy ICR mice and breast cancer xenografted SCID mice. Two patients with metastatic breast cancer were clinically evaluated for absorption at the target lesion after internal absorbed dose estimation. Whole‐body PET/computed tomography data were acquired in healthy and xenografted mice and in patients up to 10–24 h after administration. Tissue [18F]DHP107 signals were plotted against time and PK parameters were determined. The amounts of radioactivity in various organs and excreta were determined using a beta‐counter and are expressed as the percentage of injected dose (ID). Oral [18F]DHP107 was well‐absorbed and reached the target lesion in mice and patients with breast cancer. Significant amounts of radioactivity were found in the stomach, intestine, and liver after oral administration of [3H]‐ and [18F]DHP107 in healthy mice. The [18F]DHP107 reached a peak distribution of 0.7–0.8%ID in the tumor at 5.6–7.3 h in the xenograft model. The [18F]DHP107 distribution in patients with metastatic breast cancer was the highest at 3–4 h postadministration. Systemic exposures after administration of a DHP107 therapeutic dose were comparable with those in previous studies. PET using radioisotope‐labeled drug candidates is useful for drug development and can provide valuable information that can complement plasma PK data, particularly in early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Sunwoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Hyun Lee
- Pan-gyo Research Laboratory, Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Anhye Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seol Ju Moon
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Heechan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Hee Son
- Pan-gyo Research Laboratory, Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Su Bin Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Jang
- Pan-gyo Research Laboratory, Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea.,Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Trobe M, Burke MD. The Molecular Industrial Revolution: Automated Synthesis of Small Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4192-4214. [PMID: 29513400 PMCID: PMC5912692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Today we are poised for a transition from the highly customized crafting of specific molecular targets by hand to the increasingly general and automated assembly of different types of molecules with the push of a button. Creating machines that are capable of making many different types of small molecules on demand, akin to that which has been achieved on the macroscale with 3D printers, is challenging. Yet important progress is being made toward this objective with two complementary approaches: 1) Automation of customized synthesis routes to different targets by machines that enable the use of many reactions and starting materials, and 2) automation of generalized platforms that make many different targets using common coupling chemistry and building blocks. Continued progress in these directions has the potential to shift the bottleneck in molecular innovation from synthesis to imagination, and thereby help drive a new industrial revolution on the molecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Trobe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Trobe M, Burke MD. Die molekulare industrielle Revolution: zur automatisierten Synthese organischer Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Trobe
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews, 454 RAL Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 600 S. Mathews, 454 RAL Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
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Mairinger S, Erker T, Muller M, Langer O. PET and SPECT radiotracers to assess function and expression of ABC transporters in vivo. Curr Drug Metab 2012; 12:774-92. [PMID: 21434859 DOI: 10.2174/138920011798356980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) are expressed in high concentrations at various physiological barriers (e.g. blood-brain barrier, blood-testis barrier, blood-tumor barrier), where they impede the tissue accumulation of various drugs by active efflux transport. Changes in ABC transporter expression and function are thought to be implicated in various diseases, such as cancer, epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The availability of a non-invasive imaging method which allows for measuring ABC transporter function or expression in vivo would be of great clinical use in that it could facilitate the identification of those patients that would benefit from treatment with ABC transporter modulating drugs. To date three different kinds of imaging probes have been described to measure ABC transporters in vivo: i) radiolabelled transporter substrates ii) radiolabelled transporter inhibitors and iii) radiolabelled prodrugs which are enzymatically converted into transporter substrates in the organ of interest (e.g. brain). The design of new imaging probes to visualize efflux transporters is inter alia complicated by the overlapping substrate recognition pattern of different ABC transporter types. The present article will describe currently available ABC transporter radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and critically discuss strengths and limitations of individual probes and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mairinger
- Health and Environment Department, Molecular Medicine, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
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Kurdziel KA, Kalen JD, Hirsch JI, Wilson JD, Bear HD, Logan J, McCumisky J, Moorman-Sykes K, Adler S, Choyke PL. Human dosimetry and preliminary tumor distribution of 18F-fluoropaclitaxel in healthy volunteers and newly diagnosed breast cancer patients using PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1339-45. [PMID: 21849404 PMCID: PMC3224978 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel is a radiolabeled form of paclitaxel, a widely used chemotherapy agent. Preclinical data suggest that (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel may be a reasonable surrogate for measuring the uptake of paclitaxel. As a substrate of P-glycoprotein, a drug efflux pump associated with multidrug resistance, (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel may also be useful in identifying multidrug resistance and predicting tumor response for drugs other than paclitaxel. METHODS After informed consent was obtained, 3 healthy volunteers and 3 patients with untreated breast cancer (neoadjuvant chemotherapy candidates, tumor size > 2 cm) received an intravenous infusion of (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel and then underwent PET/CT. Healthy volunteers underwent serial whole-body imaging over an approximately 3-h interval, and organ (18)F residence times were determined from the time-activity curves uncorrected for decay to determine dosimetry. Radiation dose estimates were calculated using OLINDA/EXM software. For breast cancer patients, dynamic imaging of the primary tumor was performed for 60 min, followed by static whole-body scans at 1 and 2 h after injection. RESULTS Dosimetry calculations showed that the gallbladder received the highest dose (229.50 μGy/MBq [0.849 rad/mCi]), followed by the small and large intestines (161.26 μGy/MBq [0.597 rad/mCi] and 184.59 μGy/MBq [0.683 rad/mCi]). The resultant effective dose was 28.79 μGy/MBq (0.107 rem/mCi). At approximately 1 h after injection, an average of 42% of the decay-corrected activity was in the gastrointestinal system, with a mean of 0.01% in the tumor. All 3 breast cancer patients showed retention of (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel and ultimately demonstrated a complete pathologic response (no invasive cancer in the breast or axillary nodes) to chemotherapy that included a taxane (either paclitaxel or docetaxel) at surgical resection. The tumor-to-background ratio increased with time to a maximum of 7.7 at 20 min. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of using (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel PET/CT tumor imaging and provides radiation dosimetry measurements in humans. Although further study is needed, it is hoped that the measured intratumoral (18)F-fluoropaclitaxel distribution can serve as a surrogate for paclitaxel, and potentially other chemotherapeutic agent retention, in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Kurdziel
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research/National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph D. Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jerry I. Hirsch
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John D. Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Harry D. Bear
- Department of Surgery and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jean Logan
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
| | - James McCumisky
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kathy Moorman-Sykes
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Stephen Adler
- SAIC Fredrick-Inc., Contractor to Molecular Imaging Program, NCI, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research/National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kiesewetter DO, Jacobson O, Lang L, Chen X. Automated radiochemical synthesis of [18F]FBEM: a thiol reactive synthon for radiofluorination of peptides and proteins. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 69:410-4. [PMID: 20965741 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The automated radiochemical synthesis of N-[2-(4-[(18)F]fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([(18)F]FBEM, IUPAC name: N-maleoylethyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzamide), a prosthetic group for radiolabeling the free sulfhydryl groups of peptides and proteins, is herein described. 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoic acid was first prepared by nucleophilic displacement of a trimethylammonium moiety on a pentamethylbenzyl benzoate ester with [(18)F]fluoride. In the second step the ester was cleaved under acidic conditions. Finally, 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoic acid was coupled to N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide using diethylcyanophosphate and diisopropylethyl amine. Following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification, [(18)F]FBEM was obtained in 17.3±7.1% yield (not decay corrected) in approximately 95 min. Isolation from the HPLC eluate and preparation for subsequent use, which was conducted manually, required an additional 10-15 min. The measured specific activity for three batches was 181.3, 251.6, and 351.5 GBq/μmol at the end of bombardment (EOB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale O Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 1C401, MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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van der Veldt AAM, Hendrikse NH, Smit EF, Mooijer MPJ, Rijnders AY, Gerritsen WR, van der Hoeven JJM, Windhorst AD, Lammertsma AA, Lubberink M. Biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 11C-labelled docetaxel in cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37:1950-8. [PMID: 20508935 PMCID: PMC2933032 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Docetaxel is an important chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of several cancer types. As radiolabelled anticancer agents provide a potential means for personalized treatment planning, docetaxel was labelled with the positron emitter (11)C. Non-invasive measurements of [(11)C]docetaxel uptake in organs and tumours may provide additional information on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug docetaxel. The purpose of the present study was to determine the biodistribution and radiation absorbed dose of [(11)C]docetaxel in humans. METHODS Biodistribution of [(11)C]docetaxel was measured in seven patients (five men and two women) with solid tumours using PET/CT. Venous blood samples were collected to measure activity in blood and plasma. Regions of interest (ROI) for various source organs were defined on PET (high [(11)C]docetaxel uptake) or CT (low [(11)C]docetaxel uptake). ROI data were used to generate time-activity curves and to calculate percentage injected dose and residence times. Radiation absorbed doses were calculated according to the MIRD method using OLINDA/EXM 1.0 software. RESULTS Gall bladder and liver demonstrated high [(11)C]docetaxel uptake, whilst uptake in brain and normal lung was low. The percentage injected dose at 1 h in the liver was 47 +/- 9%. [(11)C]docetaxel was rapidly cleared from plasma and no radiolabelled metabolites were detected. [(11)C]docetaxel uptake in tumours was moderate and highly variable between tumours. CONCLUSION The effective dose of [(11)C]docetaxel was 4.7 microSv/MBq. As uptake in normal lung is low, [(11)C]docetaxel may be a promising tracer for tumours in the thoracic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kurdziel KA, Kiesewetter DO. PET imaging of multidrug resistance in tumors using 18F-fluoropaclitaxel. Curr Top Med Chem 2010; 10:1792-8. [PMID: 20645913 PMCID: PMC3224980 DOI: 10.2174/156802610792928077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The failure of solid tumors to respond to chemotherapy is a complicated and clinically frustrating issue. The ability to predict which tumors will respond to treatment could reduce the human and monetary costs of cancer therapy by allowing pro-active selection of a chemotherapeutic to which the tumor does not express resistance. PET/CT imaging with a radiolabeled form of paclitaxel, F-18 fluoropaclitaxel (FPAC), may be able to predict the uptake of paclitaxel in solid tumors, and as a substrate of P-glycoprotein, it may also predict which tumors exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR), a phenotype in which tumors fail to respond to a wide variety of chemically unrelated chemotherapeutic agents. This article reviews the synthetic, preclinical and early human data obtained during the development phase of this promising new radiopharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Kurdziel
- Staff Scientist, Molecular Imaging Program (MIP)/CCR, National Cancer Institute, 10/B3B403, 10 Center Drive MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Staff Scientist, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 10/1C401, 10 Center Drive MSC 1180, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Pieslor PC. Barriers to achieving commercial success for diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2007; 34:729-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Imaging multidrug resistance with 4-[18F]fluoropaclitaxel. Nucl Med Biol 2007; 34:823-31. [PMID: 17921033 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a cause of treatment failure in many cancer patients. MDR refers to a phenotype whereby a tumor is resistant to a large number of natural chemotherapeutic drugs. Having prior knowledge of the presence of such resistance would decrease morbidity from unsuccessful therapy and allow for the selection of individuals who may benefit from the coadministration of MDR-inhibiting drugs. The Tc-99m-labeled single-photon-emitting radiotracers sestamibi and tetrofosmin have shown some predictive value. However, positron-emitting radiotracers, which allow for dynamic quantitative imaging, hold promise for a more accurate and specific identification of MDRtumors.MDR-expressing tumors are resistant to paclitaxel, which is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic agent. 4-[18F]Fluoropaclitaxel (FPAC) is a PET-radiolabeled analogue of paclitaxel. Preclinical studies have shown the uptake of FPAC to be inversely proportional to tumor MDR expression. FPAC PET imaging in normal volunteers shows biodistribution to be similar to that in nonhuman primates. Imaging in a breast cancer patient showed FPAC localization in a primary tumor that responded to chemotherapy, while failure to localize in mediastinal disease corresponded with only partial response.FPAC PET imaging shows promise for the noninvasive pretreatment identification of MDR-expressing tumors. While much additional work is needed, this work represents a step toward image-guided personalized medicine.
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