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Clinical Viability of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Personalized Radiation Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122865. [PMID: 35740531 PMCID: PMC9221296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Usually, for dose planning in radiotherapy, the tumor is delimited as a volume on the image of the patient together with other clinical considerations based on populational evidence. However, the same prescription dose can provide different results, depending on the patient. Unfortunately, the biological aspects of the tumor are hardly considered in dose planning. Boron Neutron Capture Radiotherapy enables targeted treatment by incorporating boron-10 at the cellular level and irradiating with neutrons of a certain energy so that they produce nuclear reactions locally and almost exclusively damage the tumor cell. This technique is not new, but modern neutron generators and more efficient boron carriers have reactivated the clinical interest of this technique in the pursuit of more precise treatments. In this work, we review the latest technological facilities and future possibilities for the clinical implementation of BNCT and for turning it into a personalized therapy. Abstract Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a promising binary disease-targeted therapy, as neutrons preferentially kill cells labeled with boron (10B), which makes it a precision medicine treatment modality that provides a therapeutic effect exclusively on patient-specific tumor spread. Contrary to what is usual in radiotherapy, BNCT proposes cell-tailored treatment planning rather than to the tumor mass. The success of BNCT depends mainly on the sufficient spatial biodistribution of 10B located around or within neoplastic cells to produce a high-dose gradient between the tumor and healthy tissue. However, it is not yet possible to precisely determine the concentration of 10B in a specific tissue in real-time using non-invasive methods. Critical issues remain to be resolved if BNCT is to become a valuable, minimally invasive, and efficient treatment. In addition, functional imaging technologies, such as PET, can be applied to determine biological information that can be used for the combined-modality radiotherapy protocol for each specific patient. Regardless, not only imaging methods but also proteomics and gene expression methods will facilitate BNCT becoming a modality of personalized medicine. This work provides an overview of the fundamental principles, recent advances, and future directions of BNCT as cell-targeted cancer therapy for personalized radiation treatment.
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Murty S, Haile ST, Beinat C, Aalipour A, Alam IS, Murty T, Shaffer TM, Patel CB, Graves EE, Mackall CL, Gambhir SS. Intravital imaging reveals synergistic effect of CAR T-cells and radiation therapy in a preclinical immunocompetent glioblastoma model. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1757360. [PMID: 32923113 PMCID: PMC7458609 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1757360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in novel immune strategies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-bearing T-cells, have shown limited efficacy against glioblastoma (GBM) in clinical trials. We currently have an incomplete understanding of how these emerging therapies integrate with the current standard of care, specifically radiation therapy (RT). Additionally, there is an insufficient number of preclinical studies monitoring these therapies with high spatiotemporal resolution. To address these limitations, we report the first longitudinal fluorescence-based intravital microscopy imaging of CAR T-cells within an orthotopic GBM preclinical model to illustrate the necessity of RT for complete therapeutic response. Additionally, we detail the first usage of murine-derived CAR T-cells targeting the disialoganglioside GD2 in an immunocompetent tumor model. Cell culture assays demonstrated substantial GD2 CAR T-cell-mediated killing of murine GBM cell lines SB28 and GL26 induced to overexpress GD2. Complete antitumor response in advanced syngeneic orthotopic models of GBM was achieved only when a single intravenous dose of GD2 CAR T-cells was following either sub-lethal whole-body irradiation or focal RT. Intravital microscopy imaging successfully visualized CAR T-cell homing and T-cell mediated apoptosis of tumor cells in real-time within the tumor stroma. Findings indicate that RT allows for rapid CAR T-cell extravasation from the vasculature and expansion within the tumor microenvironment, leading to a more robust and lasting immunologic response. These exciting results highlight potential opportunities to improve intravenous adoptive T-cell administration in the treatment of GBM through concurrent RT. Additionally, they emphasize the need for advancements in immunotherapeutic homing to and extravasation through the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Murty
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel T Haile
- Department of Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Corinne Beinat
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amin Aalipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tara Murty
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Travis M Shaffer
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Stegmayr C, Willuweit A, Lohmann P, Langen KJ. O-(2-[18F]-Fluoroethyl)-L-Tyrosine (FET) in Neurooncology: A Review of Experimental Results. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 12:201-210. [PMID: 30636621 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666190111111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, PET using radiolabelled amino acids has gained considerable interest as an additional tool besides MRI to improve the diagnosis of cerebral gliomas and brain metastases. A very successful tracer in this field is O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET) which in recent years has replaced short-lived tracers such as [11C]-methyl-L-methionine in many neuro-oncological centers in Western Europe. FET can be produced with high efficiency and distributed in a satellite concept like 2- [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Many clinical studies have demonstrated that FET PET provides important diagnostic information regarding the delineation of cerebral gliomas for therapy planning, an improved differentiation of tumor recurrence from treatment-related changes and sensitive treatment monitoring. In parallel, a considerable number of experimental studies have investigated the uptake mechanisms of FET on the cellular level and the behavior of the tracer in various benign lesions in order to clarify the specificity of FET uptake for tumor tissue. Further studies have explored the effects of treatment related tissue alterations on tracer uptake such as surgery, radiation and drug therapy. Finally, the role of blood-brain barrier integrity for FET uptake which presents an important aspect for PET tracers targeting neoplastic lesions in the brain has been investigated in several studies. Based on a literature research regarding experimental FET studies and corresponding clinical applications this article summarizes the knowledge on the uptake behavior of FET, which has been collected in more than 30 experimental studies during the last two decades and discusses the role of these results in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Stegmayr
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Section JARA-Brain, Juelich, Germany
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4
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Verhoeven J, Bolcaen J, De Meulenaere V, Kersemans K, Descamps B, Donche S, Van den Broecke C, Boterberg T, Kalala JP, Deblaere K, Vanhove C, De Vos F, Goethals I. Technical feasibility of [ 18F]FET and [ 18F]FAZA PET guided radiotherapy in a F98 glioblastoma rat model. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:89. [PMID: 31146757 PMCID: PMC6543630 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Standard medical treatment consists of a maximal safe surgical resection, subsequently radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). An accurate definition of the tumor volume is of utmost importance for guiding RT. In this project we investigated the feasibility and treatment response of subvolume boosting to a PET-defined tumor part. Method F98 GB cells inoculated in the rat brain were imaged using T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1w) MRI. A dose of 20 Gy (5 × 5 mm2) was delivered to the target volume delineated based on T1w MRI for three treatment groups. Two of those treatment groups received an additional radiation boost of 5 Gy (1 × 1 mm2) delivered to the region either with maximum [18F]FET or [18F]FAZA PET tracer uptake, respectively. All therapy groups received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of TMZ. Finally, a control group received no RT and only control IP injections. The average, minimum and maximum dose, as well as the D90-, D50- and D2- values were calculated for nine rats using both RT plans. To evaluate response to therapy, follow-up tumor volumes were delineated based on T1w MRI. Results When comparing the dose volume histograms, a significant difference was found exclusively between the D2-values. A significant difference in tumor growth was only found between active therapy and sham therapy respectively, while no significant differences were found when comparing the three treatment groups. Conclusion In this study we showed the feasibility of PET guided subvolume boosting of F98 glioblastoma in rats. No evidence was found for a beneficial effect regarding tumor response. However, improvements for dose targeting in rodents and studies investigating new targeted drugs for GB treatment are mandatory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13014-019-1290-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium.,National Research Foundation (NRF), iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Valerie De Meulenaere
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken Kersemans
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Donche
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Boterberg
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Karel Deblaere
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- IBiTech-MEDISIP Ghent University, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
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Donche S, Verhoeven J, Descamps B, Bolcaen J, Deblaere K, Boterberg T, Van den Broecke C, Vanhove C, Goethals I. The Path Toward PET-Guided Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma in Laboratory Animals: A Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:5. [PMID: 30761302 PMCID: PMC6361864 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite the current state-of-the-art treatment, which consists of maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy, concomitant, and adjuvant chemotherapy, progression remains rapid due to aggressive tumor characteristics. Several new therapeutic targets have been investigated using chemotherapeutics and targeted molecular drugs, however, the intrinsic resistance to induced cell death of brain cells impede the effectiveness of systemic therapies. Also, the unique immune environment of the central nervous system imposes challenges for immune-based therapeutics. Therefore, it is important to consider other approaches to treat these tumors. There is a well-known dose-response relationship for glioblastoma with increased survival with increasing doses, but this effect seems to cap around 60 Gy, due to increased toxicity to the normal brain. Currently, radiation treatment planning of glioblastoma patients relies on CT and MRI that does not visualize the heterogeneous nature of the tumor, and consequently, a homogenous dose is delivered to the entire tumor. Metabolic imaging, such as positron-emission tomography, allows to visualize the heterogeneous tumor environment. Using these metabolic imaging techniques, an approach called dose painting can be used to deliver a higher dose to the tumor regions with high malignancy and/or radiation resistance. Preclinical studies are required for evaluating the benefits of novel radiation treatment strategies, such as PET-based dose painting. The aim of this review is to give a brief overview of promising PET tracers that can be evaluated in laboratory animals to bridge the gap between PET-based dose painting in glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Donche
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhoeven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Deblaere
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Vanhove
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Aliosman M, Göksel M, Mantareva V, Stoineva I, Durmuş M. Tyrosine conjugated zinc(II) phthalocyanine for photodynamic therapy: Synthesis and photophysicochemical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Kirschner S, Mürle B, Felix M, Arns A, Groden C, Wenz F, Hug A, Glatting G, Kramer M, Giordano FA, Brockmann MA. Imaging of Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenografts in Mice Using a Clinical CT Scanner: Comparison with Micro-CT and Histology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165994. [PMID: 27829015 PMCID: PMC5102379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is an increasing need for small animal in vivo imaging in murine orthotopic glioma models. Because dedicated small animal scanners are not available ubiquitously, the applicability of a clinical CT scanner for visualization and measurement of intracerebrally growing glioma xenografts in living mice was validated. Materials and Methods 2.5x106 U87MG cells were orthotopically implanted in NOD/SCID/ᵞc-/- mice (n = 9). Mice underwent contrast-enhanced (300 μl Iomeprol i.v.) imaging using a micro-CT (80 kV, 75 μAs, 360° rotation, 1,000 projections, scan time 33 s, resolution 40 x 40 x 53 μm) and a clinical CT scanner (4-row multislice detector; 120 kV, 150 mAs, slice thickness 0.5 mm, feed rotation 0.5 mm, resolution 98 x 98 x 500 μm). Mice were sacrificed and the brain was worked up histologically. In all modalities tumor volume was measured by two independent readers. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured from reconstructed CT-scans (0.5 mm slice thickness; n = 18). Results Tumor volumes (mean±SD mm3) were similar between both CT-modalities (micro-CT: 19.8±19.0, clinical CT: 19.8±18.8; Wilcoxon signed-rank test p = 0.813). Moreover, between reader analyses for each modality showed excellent agreement as demonstrated by correlation analysis (Spearman-Rho >0.9; p<0.01 for all correlations). Histologically measured tumor volumes (11.0±11.2) were significantly smaller due to shrinkage artifacts (p<0.05). CNR and SNR were 2.1±1.0 and 1.1±0.04 for micro-CT and 23.1±24.0 and 1.9±0.7 for the clinical CTscanner, respectively. Conclusion Clinical CT scanners may reliably be used for in vivo imaging and volumetric analysis of brain tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kirschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Mürle
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuela Felix
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna Arns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Hug
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc A. Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Kirschner S, Felix MC, Hartmann L, Bierbaum M, Maros ME, Kerl HU, Wenz F, Glatting G, Kramer M, Giordano FA, Brockmann MA. In vivo micro-CT imaging of untreated and irradiated orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts in mice: capabilities, limitations and a comparison with bioluminescence imaging. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:245-54. [PMID: 25605299 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Small animal imaging is of increasing relevance in biomedical research. Studies systematically assessing the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced in vivo micro-CT of orthotopic glioma xenografts in mice do not exist. NOD/SCID/γc(-/-) mice (n = 27) underwent intracerebral implantation of 2.5 × 10(6) GFP-Luciferase-transduced U87MG cells. Mice underwent bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to detect tumor growth and afterwards repeated contrast-enhanced (300 µl Iomeprol i.v.) micro-CT imaging (80 kV, 75 µAs, 360° rotation, 1,000 projections, 33 s scan time, resolution 40 × 40 × 53 µm, 0.5 Gy/scan). Presence of tumors, tumor diameter and tumor volume in micro-CT were rated by two independent readers. Results were compared with histological analyses. Six mice with tumors confirmed by micro-CT received fractionated irradiation (3 × 5 Gy every other day) using the micro-CT (5 mm pencil beam geometry). Repeated micro-CT scans were tolerated well. Tumor engraftment rate was 74 % (n = 20). In micro-CT, mean tumor volume was 30 ± 33 mm(3), and the smallest detectable tumor measured 360 × 620 µm. The inter-rater agreement (n = 51 micro-CT scans) for the item tumor yes/no was excellent (Spearman-Rho = 0.862, p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of micro-CT were 0.95 and 0.71, respectively (PPV = 0.91, NPV = 0.83). BLI on day 21 after tumor implantation had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.90 and 1.0, respectively (PPV = 1.0, NPV = 0.5). Maximum tumor diameter and volume in micro-CT and histology correlated excellently (tumor diameter: 0.929, p < 0.001; tumor volume: 0.969, p < 0.001, n = 17). Irradiated animals showed a large central tumor necrosis. Longitudinal contrast enhanced micro-CT imaging of brain tumor growth in live mice is feasible at high sensitivity levels and with excellent inter-rater agreement and allows visualization of radiation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kirschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University, Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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PET, MRI, and simultaneous PET/MRI in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for glioma. Drug Discov Today 2014; 20:306-17. [PMID: 25448762 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive brain tumour, resulting in death often within 1-2 years. Current treatment strategies involve surgical resection followed by chemoradiation therapy. Despite continuing improvements in the delivery of adjuvant therapies, there has not been a dramatic increase in survival for glioma. Molecular imaging techniques have become central in the development of new therapeutic strategies in recent years. The multimodal imaging technology of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) has recently been realised on a preclinical scale and the effect of this technology is starting to be observed in preclinical drug development for glioma. Here, we propose that PET/MRI will play an integral part in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for glioma.
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10
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Nedergaard MK, Kristoffersen K, Michaelsen SR, Madsen J, Poulsen HS, Stockhausen MT, Lassen U, Kjaer A. The use of longitudinal 18F-FET MicroPET imaging to evaluate response to irinotecan in orthotopic human glioblastoma multiforme xenografts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100009. [PMID: 24918622 PMCID: PMC4053391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Brain tumor imaging is challenging. Although 18F-FET PET is widely used in the clinic, the value of 18F-FET MicroPET to evaluate brain tumors in xenograft has not been assessed to date. The aim of this study therefore was to evaluate the performance of in vivo18F-FET MicroPET in detecting a treatment response in xenografts. In addition, the correlations between the 18F-FET tumor accumulation and the gene expression of Ki67 and the amino acid transporters LAT1 and LAT2 were investigated. Furthermore, Ki67, LAT1 and LAT2 gene expression in xenograft and archival patient tumors was compared. Methods Human GBM cells were injected orthotopically in nude mice and 18F-FET uptake was followed by weekly MicroPET/CT. When tumor take was observed, mice were treated with CPT-11 or saline weekly. After two weeks of treatment the brain tumors were isolated and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed on the xenograft tumors and in parallel on archival patient tumor specimens. Results The relative tumor-to-brain (T/B) ratio of SUVmax was significantly lower after one week (123±6%, n = 7 vs. 147±6%, n = 7; p = 0.018) and after two weeks (142±8%, n = 5 vs. 204±27%, n = 4; p = 0.047) in the CPT-11 group compared with the control group. Strong negative correlations between SUVmax T/B ratio and LAT1 (r = −0.62, p = 0.04) and LAT2 (r = −0.67, p = 0.02) were observed. In addition, a strong positive correlation between LAT1 and Ki67 was detected in xenografts. Furthermore, a 1.6 fold higher expression of LAT1 and a 23 fold higher expression of LAT2 were observed in patient specimens compared to xenografts. Conclusions 18F-FET MicroPET can be used to detect a treatment response to CPT-11 in GBM xenografts. The strong negative correlation between SUVmax T/B ratio and LAT1/LAT2 indicates an export transport function. We suggest that 18F-FET PET may be used for detection of early treatment response in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette K. Nedergaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Karina Kristoffersen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe R. Michaelsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans S. Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Lassen
- Phase 1 Unit, Department of Oncology, The Finsen Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Evangelista L, Jori G, Martini D, Sotti G. Boron neutron capture therapy and 18F-labelled borophenylalanine positron emission tomography: a critical and clinical overview of the literature. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 74:91-101. [PMID: 23395785 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is considered one of the most useful tool for molecular imaging both in clinical and preclinical research for in vivo assessing of biochemical and pharmacological processes. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a biologically-targeted radiotherapy that can selectively hit the tumour cells, saving the surrounding normal tissue. Boron 10 ((10)B) is the isotope widely used for this purpose, and acts as killer for tumor cells, releasing highly reactive α and (7)Li-particles when it absorbs a thermal neutron. The basic requirements for a successful BNCT treatment are firstly that the boron-containing compound/material has to be delivered to the neoplastic tissue, and secondly the amount of boron atoms concentrated inside/around the cancer cells must be sufficient for an optimal therapeutic response. The irradiation of tissue or organ with therapeutic doses of thermal neutrons can lead to a selective, complete ablation of the malignant lesion. Specific carriers have been developed for BNCT: para-borophenylalanine (BPA), represents one of them and the most employed in clinical trials to preferentially deliver boron to the malignancy. For the in vivo examination of pharmacokinetic, accumulation and metabolism characteristics of L-B-BPA, a positron-labeled boronophenylalanine analogue, L-(18)F-(10)BPA was proposed and its pharmaco-properties were non-invasively evaluated by PET imaging. Herein, we summarize BNCT principles and applications, boron carrier and boron imaging with PET, PET-guided BNCT and other studied and employed tracers for PET in order to optimizeBNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evangelista
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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