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Gröner B, Willmann M, Donnerstag L, Urusova EA, Neumaier F, Humpert S, Endepols H, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. 7-[ 18F]Fluoro-8-azaisatoic Anhydrides: Versatile Prosthetic Groups for the Preparation of PET Tracers. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12629-12644. [PMID: 37625106 PMCID: PMC10510393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
18F-Fluorination of sensitive molecules is often challenging, but can be accomplished under suitably mild conditions using radiofluorinated prosthetic groups (PGs). Herein, 1-alkylamino-7-[18F]fluoro-8-azaisatoic anhydrides ([18F]AFAs) are introduced as versatile 18F-labeled building blocks that can be used as amine-reactive or "click chemistry" PGs. [18F]AFAs were efficiently prepared within 15 min by "on cartridge" radiolabeling of readily accessible trimethylammonium precursors. Conjugation with a range of amines afforded the corresponding 2-alkylamino-6-[18F]fluoronicotinamides in radiochemical conversions (RCCs) of 15-98%. In addition, radiolabeling of alkyne- or azide-functionalized precursors with azidopropyl- or propargyl-substituted [18F]AFAs using Cu-catalyzed click cycloaddition afforded the corresponding conjugates in RCCs of 44-88%. The practical utility of the PGs was confirmed by the preparation of three 18F-labeled PSMA ligands in radiochemical yields of 28-42%. Biological evaluation in rats demonstrated excellent in vivo stability of all three conjugates. In addition, one conjugate ([18F]JK-PSMA-15) showed favorable imaging properties for high-contrast visualization of small PSMA-positive lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Gröner
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Willmann
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lisa Donnerstag
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elizaveta A. Urusova
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Swen Humpert
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear
Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Straße 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Boris D. Zlatopolskiy
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear
Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty
of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University
of Cologne, Kerpener
Straße 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max
Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Straße 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Syvänen S, Fang XT, Faresjö R, Rokka J, Lannfelt L, Olberg DE, Eriksson J, Sehlin D. Fluorine-18-Labeled Antibody Ligands for PET Imaging of Amyloid-β in Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4460-4468. [PMID: 33236886 PMCID: PMC7747219 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are attractive as radioligands due to their outstanding specificity and high affinity, but their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits their use for CNS targets. To enhance brain distribution, amyloid-β (Aβ) antibodies were fused to a transferrin receptor (TfR) antibody fragment, enabling receptor mediated transport across the BBB. The aim of this study was to label these bispecific antibodies with fluorine-18 and use them for Aβ PET imaging. Bispecific antibody ligands RmAb158-scFv8D3 and Tribody A2, both targeting Aβ and TfR, were functionalized with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) groups and conjugated with 18F-labeled tetrazines through an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction performed at ambient temperature. 18F-labeling did not affect antibody binding in vitro, and initial brain uptake was high. Conjugates with the first tetrazine variant ([18F]T1) displayed high uptake in bone, indicating extensive defluorination, a problem that was resolved with the second and third tetrazine variants ([18F]T2 and [18F]T3). Although the antibody ligands' half-life in blood was too long to optimally match the physical half-life of fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 110 min), [18F]T3-Tribody A2 PET seemed to discriminate transgenic mice (tg-ArcSwe) with Aβ deposits from wild-type mice 12 h after injection. This study demonstrates that 18F-labeling of bispecific, brain penetrating antibodies is feasible and, with further optimization, could be used for CNS PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Xiaotian T Fang
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, Yale PET Center, New Haven 06520, Connecticut United States
| | - Rebecca Faresjö
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm 112 51, Sweden
| | - Dag E Olberg
- Norsk medisinsk syklotronsenter AS, Oslo Postboks 4950, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
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Uspenskaya AA, Machulkin AE, Nimenko EA, Shafikov RR, Petrov SA, Skvortsov DA, Beloglazkina EK, Majouga AG. Influence of the dipeptide linker configuration on the activity of PSMA ligands. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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4
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Davis RA, Drake C, Ippisch RC, Moore M, Sutcliffe JL. Fully automated peptide radiolabeling from [ 18F]fluoride. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8638-8649. [PMID: 35518701 PMCID: PMC9061836 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of receptor-targeted peptides have made them popular diagnostic imaging and therapeutic agents. Typically, the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiolabeled receptor-targeted peptides for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a time consuming, complex, multi-step synthetic process that is highly variable based on the peptide. The complexity associated with the radiolabeling route and lack of robust automated protocols can hinder translation into the clinic. A fully automated batch production to radiolabel three peptides (YGGFL, cRGDyK, and Pyr-QKLGNQWAVGHLM) from fluorine-18 using the ELIXYS FLEX/CHEM® radiosynthesizer in a two-step process is described. First, the prosthetic group, 6-[18F]fluoronicotinyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester ([18F]FPy-TFP) was synthesized and subsequently attached to the peptide. The [18F]FPy-peptides were synthesized in 13-26% decay corrected yields from fluorine-18 with high molar activity 1-5 Ci μmol-1 and radiochemical purity of >99% in an overall synthesis time of 97 ± 3 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis CA USA +1-916-734-7572 +1-916-734-5536.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Robin C Ippisch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis CA USA +1-916-734-7572 +1-916-734-5536.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA.,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis CA USA
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5
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In vivo Molecular Imaging of Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Expression in Re-endothelialisation after Percutaneous Balloon Denudation in a Rat Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7411. [PMID: 29743623 PMCID: PMC5943322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The short- and long-term success of intravascular stents depends on a proper re-endothelialisation after the intervention-induced endothelial denudation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of in vivo molecular imaging of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII; identical with prostate-specific membrane antigen PSMA) expression as a marker of re-endothelialisation. Fifteen Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral balloon angioplasty of the common carotid artery (CCA). Positron emission tomography (PET) using the GCPII-targeting tracer [18F]DCFPyL was performed after 5-21 days (scan 60-120 min post injection). In two animals, the GCPII inhibitor PMPA (23 mg/kg BW) was added to the tracer solution. After PET, both CCAs were removed, dissected, and immunostained with the GCPII specific antibody YPSMA-1. Difference of GCPII expression between both CCAs was established by PCR analysis. [18F]DCFPyL uptake was significantly higher in the ipsilateral compared to the contralateral CCA with an ipsi-/contralateral ratio of 1.67 ± 0.39. PMPA blocked tracer binding. The selective expression of GCPII in endothelial cells of the treated CCA was confirmed by immunohistological staining. PCR analysis verified the site-specific GCPII expression. By using a molecular imaging marker of GCPII expression, we provide the first non-invasive in vivo delineation of re-endothelialisation after angioplasty.
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Robu S, Schmidt A, Eiber M, Schottelius M, Günther T, Hooshyar Yousefi B, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of novel 18F-labeled Glu-urea-Glu-based PSMA inhibitors for prostate cancer imaging: a comparison with 18F-DCFPyl and 18F-PSMA-1007. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:30. [PMID: 29651565 PMCID: PMC5897267 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to its high and consistent expression in prostate cancer (PCa), the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents an ideal target for molecular imaging and targeted therapy using highly specific radiolabeled PSMA ligands. To address the continuously growing clinical demand for 18F-labeled PSMA-probes, we developed two novel Glu-urea-Glu-(EuE)-based inhibitors, EuE-k-18F-FBOA (1) and EuE-k-β-a-18F-FPyl (2), both with optimized linker structure and different 18F-labeled aromatic moieties. The inhibitors were evaluated in a comparative preclinical study with 18F-DCFPyl and 18F-PSMA-1007. Results Radiolabeling procedures allowed preparation of (1) and (2) with high radiochemical yields (67 ± 7 and 53 ± 7%, d.c.) and purity (> 98%). When compared with 18F-DCFPyl (IC50 = 12.3 ± 1.2 nM) and 18F-PSMA-1007 (IC50 = 4.2 ± 0.5 nM), both metabolically stable EuE-based ligands showed commensurable or higher PSMA affinity (IC50 = 4.2 ± 0.4 nM (1), IC50 = 1.1 ± 0.2 nM (2)). Moreover, 1.4- and 2.7-fold higher internalization rates were observed for (1) and (2), respectively, resulting in markedly enhanced tumor accumulation in LNCaP-tumor-bearing mice ((1) 12.7 ± 2.0% IA/g, (2) 13.0° ± 1.0% IA/g vs. 7.3 ± 1.0% IA/g (18F-DCFPyl), 7.1 ± 1.5% IA/g (18F-PSMA-1007), 1 h p.i.). In contrast to (1), (2) showed higher kidney accumulation and delayed clearance kinetics. Due to the high hydrophilicity of both compounds, almost no unspecific uptake in non-target tissue was observed. In contrast, due to the less hydrophilic character (logP = − 1.6) and high plasma protein binding (98%), 18F-PSMA-1007 showed uptake in non-target tissue and predominantly hepatobiliary excretion, whereas, 18F-DCFPyl exhibited pharmacokinetics quite similar to those obtained with (1) and (2). Conclusion Both 18F-labeled EuE-based PSMA ligands showed excellent in vitro and in vivo PSMA-targeting characteristics. The substantially higher tumor accumulation in mice compared to recently introduced 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-DCFPyl suggests their high value for preclinical studies investigating the effects on PSMA-expression. In contrast to (2), (1) seems to be more promising for further investigation, due to the more reliable 18F-labeling procedure, the faster clearance kinetics with comparable high tumor uptake, resulting therefore in better high-contrast microPET imaging as early as 1 h p.i. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0382-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Robu
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Behrooz Hooshyar Yousefi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
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7
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Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Bailey J, Bernard-Gauthier V, Schirrmacher E, Wängler C. Small Prosthetic Groups in 18F-Radiochemistry: Useful Auxiliaries for the Design of 18F-PET Tracers. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:474-492. [PMID: 28826522 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic group (PG) applications in 18F-radiochemistry play a pivotal role among current 18F-labeling techniques for the development and availability of 18F-labeled imaging probes for PET (Wahl, 2002) (1). The introduction and popularization of PGs in the mid-80s by pioneers in 18F-radiochemistry has profoundly changed the landscape of available tracers for PET and has led to a multitude of new imaging agents based on simple and efficiently synthesized PGs. Because of the chemical nature of anionic 18F- (apart from electrophilic low specific activity 18F-fluorine), radiochemistry before the introduction of PGs was limited to simple nucleophilic substitutions of leaving group containing precursor molecules. These precursors were not always available, and some target compounds were either hard to synthesize or not obtainable at all. Even with the advent of recently introduced "late-stage fluorination" techniques for the 18F-fluorination of deactivated aromatic systems, PGs will continue to play a central role in 18F-radiochemistry because of their robust and almost universal usability. The importance of PGs in radiochemistry is shown by its current significance in tracer development and exemplified by an overview of selected methodologies for PG attachment to PET tracer molecules. Especially, click-chemistry approaches to PG conjugation, while furthering the historical evolution of PGs in PET tracer design, play a most influential role in modern PG utilization. All earlier and recent multifaceted approaches in PG development have significantly enriched the contingent of modern 18F-radiochemistry procedures and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Justin Bailey
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Esther Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
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Gourni E, Henriksen G. Metal-Based PSMA Radioligands. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040523. [PMID: 28338640 PMCID: PMC6154343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies for which great progress has been made in identifying appropriate molecular targets that would enable efficient in vivo targeting for imaging and therapy. The type II integral membrane protein, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on prostate cancer cells in proportion to the stage and grade of the tumor progression, especially in androgen-independent, advanced and metastatic disease, rendering it a promising diagnostic and/or therapeutic target. From the perspective of nuclear medicine, PSMA-based radioligands may significantly impact the management of patients who suffer from prostate cancer. For that purpose, chelating-based PSMA-specific ligands have been labeled with various diagnostic and/or therapeutic radiometals for single-photon-emission tomography (SPECT), positron-emission-tomography (PET), radionuclide targeted therapy as well as intraoperative applications. This review focuses on the development and further applications of metal-based PSMA radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gourni
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway.
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| | - Gjermund Henriksen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway.
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
- Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.
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9
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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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Malik N, Baur B, Winter G, Reske SN, Beer AJ, Solbach C. Radiofluorination of PSMA-HBED via Al(18)F(2+) Chelation and Biological Evaluations In Vitro. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 17:777-85. [PMID: 25869080 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ga-68-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligands have been used clinically for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. However, F-18-labeled compounds offer several advantages, including the potential for delayed imaging, high starting activities enabling multidose preparation, and improved spatial resolution in PET. For F-18 labeling of peptides conjugated with a suitable chelator, a fast and feasible method is the use of [Al(18)F](2+). In the present study, the radiofluorinations of a well-known PSMA ligand Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC (PSMA-HBED) via [Al(18)F](2+) were performed with respect to various reaction parameters, along with the biological evaluations in a cell experiment. PROCEDURES [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was prepared by adding Na[(18)F]F into a vial containing 0.026 μmol peptide (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer) and 0.03 μmol AlCl3⋅6H2O (in 0.05 M NaOAc buffer). Then, it was stirred at different temperatures from 1 to 30 min. Afterwards, purification was carried out by solid phase extraction. Biological evaluations were performed in PSMA-positive cell lines LNCaP C4-2, along with a negative control using PC-3 cell lines. RESULTS The best labeling results (81 ± 0.5 %, n = 4) were observed with 0.026 μmol peptide (30 °C, 5 min). For preclinical experiments, the production of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED at 35 °C including purification by solid phase extraction (SPE) succeeded within 45 min, resulting in a radiochemical yield of 49 ± 1.2 % (decay-corrected, n = 6, radiochemical purity ≥98 %) at EOS. The labeled peptide revealed serum stability for 4 h as well as a promising binding coefficient (K D) value of 10.3 ± 2.2 nM in cell experiments with PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 cells. CONCLUSION An efficient and one-pot method for the radiosynthesis of [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED was developed (0.26 μmol of precursor at 35 °C). In cell culture studies, the K D suggests [Al(18)F]PSMA-HBED as a potential PSMA ligand for future investigations in vivo and clinical applications afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noeen Malik
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Baur
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gordon Winter
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven N Reske
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Pillai MRA, Nanabala R, Joy A, Sasikumar A, Russ Knapp FF. Radiolabeled enzyme inhibitors and binding agents targeting PSMA: Effective theranostic tools for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:692-720. [PMID: 27589333 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of the broad incidence, morbidity and mortality associated with prostate-derived cancer, the development of more effective new technologies continues to be an important goal for the accurate detection and treatment of localized prostate cancer, lymphatic involvement and metastases. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA; Glycoprotein II) is expressed in high levels on prostate-derived cells and is an important target for visualization and treatment of prostate cancer. Radiolabeled peptide targeting technologies have rapidly evolved over the last decade and have focused on the successful development of radiolabeled small molecules that act as inhibitors to the binding of the N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate (NAAG) substrate to the PSMA molecule. A number of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors have been described in the literature and labeled with SPECT, PET and therapeutic radionuclides. Clinical studies with these agents have demonstrated the improved potential of PSMA-targeted PET imaging agents to detect metastatic prostate cancer in comparison with conventional imaging technologies. Although many of these agents have been evaluated in humans, by far the most extensive clinical literature has described use of the 68Ga and 177Lu agents. This review describes the design and development of these agents, with a focus on the broad clinical introduction of PSMA targeting motifs labeled with 68Ga for PET-CT imaging and 177Lu for therapy. In particular, because of availability from the long-lived 68Ge (T1/2=270days)/68Ga (T1/2=68min) generator system and increasing availability of PET-CT, the 68Ga-labeled PSMA targeted agent is receiving widespread interest and is one of the fastest growing radiopharmaceuticals for PET-CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raviteja Nanabala
- KIMS DDNMRC PET Scans, KIMS Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, 691601
| | - Ajith Joy
- Molecular Group of Companies, Puthuvype, Ernakulam, Kerala, 682508, India
| | - Arun Sasikumar
- KIMS DDNMRC PET Scans, KIMS Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, India, 691601
| | - Furn F Russ Knapp
- Emeritus, Medical Radioisotope Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 37830
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12
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Bouvet V, Wuest M, Jans HS, Janzen N, Genady AR, Valliant JF, Benard F, Wuest F. Automated synthesis of [(18)F]DCFPyL via direct radiofluorination and validation in preclinical prostate cancer models. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:40. [PMID: 27142881 PMCID: PMC4854855 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is frequently overexpressed and upregulated in prostate cancer. To date, various 18F- and 68Ga-labeled urea-based radiotracers for PET imaging of PSMA have been developed and entered clinical trials. Here, we describe an automated synthesis of [18F]DCFPyL via direct radiofluorination and validation in preclinical models of prostate cancer. Methods [18F]DCFPyL was synthesized via direct nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution reaction in a single reactor TRACERlab FXFN automated synthesis unit. Radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]DCFPyL involved internalization experiments, dynamic PET imaging in LNCaP (PSMA+) and PC3 (PSMA−) tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice, biodistribution studies, and metabolic profiling. In addition, reversible two-tissue compartmental model analysis was used to quantify pharmacokinetics of [18F]DCFPyL in LNCaP and PC3 tumor models. Results Automated radiosynthesis afforded radiotracer [18F]DCFPyL in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 23 ± 5 % (n = 10) within 55 min, including HPLC purification. Dynamic PET analysis revealed rapid and high uptake of radioactivity (SUV5min 0.95) in LNCaP tumors which increased over time (SUV60min 1.1). Radioactivity uptake in LNCaP tumors was blocked in the presence of nonradioactive DCFPyL (SUV60min 0.22). The muscle as reference tissue showed rapid and continuous clearance over time (SUV60min 0.06). Fast blood clearance of radioactivity resulted in tumor-blood ratios of 1.0 after 10 min and 8.3 after 60 min. PC3 tumors also showed continuous clearance of radioactivity over time (SUV60min 0.11). Kinetic analysis of PET data revealed the two-tissue compartmental model as best fit with K1 = 0.12, k2 = 0.18, k3 = 0.08, and k4 = 0.004 min−1, confirming molecular trapping of [18F]DCFPyL in PSMA+ LNCaP cells. Conclusions [18F]DCFPyL can be prepared for clinical applications simply and in good radiochemical yields via a direct radiofluorination synthesis route in a single reactor automated synthesis unit. Radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]DCFPyL confirmed high PSMA-mediated tumor uptake combined with superior clearance parameters. Compartmental model analysis points to a two-step molecular trapping mechanism based on PSMA binding and subsequent internalization leading to retention of radioactivity in PSMA+ LNCaP tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0195-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bouvet
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Hans-Soenke Jans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Afaf R Genady
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Francois Benard
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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13
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Genady AR, Janzen N, Banevicius L, El-Gamal M, El-Zaria ME, Valliant JF. Preparation and Evaluation of Radiolabeled Antibody Recruiting Small Molecules That Target Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2660-73. [PMID: 26894427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afaf R. Genady
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Laura Banevicius
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Mahmoud El-Gamal
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Mohamed E. El-Zaria
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - John F. Valliant
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
- Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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14
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Novakova Z, Cerny J, Choy CJ, Nedrow JR, Choi JK, Lubkowski J, Berkman CE, Barinka C. Design of composite inhibitors targeting glutamate carboxypeptidase II: the importance of effector functionalities. FEBS J 2015; 283:130-43. [PMID: 26460595 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Inhibitors targeting human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) typically consist of a P1' glutamate-derived binding module, which warrants the high affinity and specificity, linked to an effector function that is positioned within the entrance funnel of the enzyme. Here we present a comprehensive structural and computational study aimed at dissecting the importance of the effector function for GCPII binding and affinity. To this end we determined crystal structures of human GCPII in complex with a series of phosphoramidate-based inhibitors harboring effector functions of diverse physicochemical characteristics. Our data show that higher binding affinities of phosphoramidates, compared to matching phosphonates, are linked to the presence of additional hydrogen bonds between Glu424 and Gly518 of the enzyme and the amide group of the phosphoramidate. While the positioning of the P1' glutamate-derived module within the S1' pocket of GCPII is invariant, interaction interfaces between effector functions and residues lining the entrance funnel are highly varied, with the positively charged arginine patch defined by Arg463, Arg534 and Arg536 being the only 'hot-spot' common to several studied complexes. This variability stems in part from the fact that the effector/GCPII interfaces generally encompass isolated areas of nonpolar residues within the entrance funnel and resulting van der Waals contacts lack the directionality typical for hydrogen bonding interactions. The presented data unravel a complexity of binding modes of inhibitors within non-prime site(s) of GCPII and can be exploited for the design of novel GCPII-specific compounds. PDB ID CODES Atomic coordinates of the present structures together with the experimental structure factor amplitudes were deposited at the RCSB Protein Data Bank under accession codes 4P44 (complex with JRB-4-81), 4P45 (complex with JRB-4-73), 4P4B (complex with CTT54), 4P4D (complex with MP1C), 4P4E (complex with MP1D), 4P4F (complex with NC-2-40), 4P4I (complex with T33) and 4P4J (complex with T33D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Novakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cindy J Choy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jessie R Nedrow
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Joeseph K Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Al-Momani E, Israel I, Buck AK, Samnick S. Improved synthesis of [¹⁸F]FS-PTAD as a new tyrosine-specific prosthetic group for radiofluorination of biomolecules. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 104:136-42. [PMID: 26159662 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel prosthetic group, 4-(p-([(18)F]fluorosulfonyl)phenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione ([(18)F]FS-PTAD) for site-specific radiofluorination of tyrosine residue in small molecules is described. Coupling of [(18)F]FS-PTAD with L-tyrosine, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine methyl amide and phenol as model compounds were achieved in buffered aqueous solution at room temperature, resulting in the corresponding fluorinated tyrosine and phenol derivatives. The total synthesis time including radiosynthesis, HPLC purification and formulation was less than 60 min (n=15) with ≥98% radio chemical purity. An initial in vitro evaluation of [(18)F]FS-PTAD-tyrosine in glioma cell lines revealed moderate uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Al-Momani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher straße 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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16
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Lütje S, Rijpkema M, Helfrich W, Oyen WJG, Boerman OC. Targeted Radionuclide and Fluorescence Dual-modality Imaging of Cancer: Preclinical Advances and Clinical Translation. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:747-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-014-0747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Synthesis, Radiolabelling and In Vitro Characterization of the Gallium-68-, Yttrium-90- and Lutetium-177-Labelled PSMA Ligand, CHX-A''-DTPA-DUPA-Pep. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:517-29. [PMID: 24787458 PMCID: PMC4035767 DOI: 10.3390/ph7050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been identified as a diagnostic target for prostate cancer, many urea-based small PSMA-targeting molecules were developed. First, the clinical application of these Ga-68 labelled compounds in positron emission tomography (PET) showed their diagnostic potential. Besides, the therapy of prostate cancer is a demanding field, and the use of radiometals with PSMA bearing ligands is a valid approach. In this work, we describe the synthesis of a new PSMA ligand, CHX-A''-DTPA-DUPA-Pep, the subsequent labelling with Ga-68, Lu-177 and Y-90 and the first in vitro characterization. In cell investigations with PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 cells, KD values of ≤14.67 ± 1.95 nM were determined, indicating high biological activities towards PSMA. Radiosyntheses with Ga-68, Lu-177 and Y-90 were developed under mild reaction conditions (room temperature, moderate pH of 5.5 and 7.4, respectively) and resulted in nearly quantitative radiochemical yields within 5 min.
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18
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Baur B, Andreolli E, Al-Momani E, Malik N, Machulla HJ, Reske SN, Solbach C. Synthesis and labelling of Df-DUPA-Pep with gallium-68 and zirconium-89 as new PSMA ligands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Cumming RC, Olberg DE, Sutcliffe JL. Rapid18F-radiolabeling of peptides from [18F]fluoride using a single microfluidics device. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10520f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date the majority of18F-peptide radiolabeling approaches are multi-step, low yielding and time-consuming processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin C. Cumming
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California Davis
- Davis, USA
| | - Dag Erlend Olberg
- Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS
- Oslo University Hospital
- Oslo, Norway
| | - Julie L. Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California Davis
- Davis, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology
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20
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Richarz R, Krapf P, Zarrad F, Urusova EA, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Neither azeotropic drying, nor base nor other additives: a minimalist approach to 18F-labeling. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8094-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel radiofluorination procedure using only precursor and [18F]fluoride without the need for azeotropic drying, base and other ingredients was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Richarz
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Krapf
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - F. Zarrad
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - E. A. Urusova
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - B. D. Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging
- University Clinic Cologne
- 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Metabolic Research
- 50931 Cologne, Germany
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21
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22
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Foss CA, Mease RC, Cho SY, Kim HJ, Pomper MG. GCPII imaging and cancer. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:1346-59. [PMID: 22304713 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799462612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in the central nervous system is referred to as the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the periphery. PSMA serves as a target for imaging and treatment of prostate cancer and because of its expression in solid tumor neovasculature has the potential to be used in this regard for other malignancies as well. An overview of GCPII/PSMA in cancer, as well as a discussion of imaging and therapy of prostate cancer using a wide variety of PSMA-targeting agents is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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23
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Malik N, Zlatopolskiy B, Machulla HJ, Reske SN, Solbach C. One pot radiofluorination of a new potential PSMA ligand [Al18F]NOTA-DUPA-Pep. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noeen Malik
- University Hospital; Ulm-Clinic for Nuclear Medicine; Ulm; Germany
| | | | | | - Sven N Reske
- University Hospital; Ulm-Clinic for Nuclear Medicine; Ulm; Germany
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24
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Synthesis of O-[2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-yl)propyl]tyrosine ([18F]FNT]) as a new class of tracer for imaging hypoxia. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Chen Y, Pullambhatla M, Foss CA, Byun Y, Nimmagadda S, Senthamizhchelvan S, Sgouros G, Mease RC, Pomper MG. 2-(3-{1-Carboxy-5-[(6-[18F]fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid, [18F]DCFPyL, a PSMA-based PET imaging agent for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7645-53. [PMID: 22042970 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have synthesized and evaluated in vivo 2-(3-{1-carboxy-5-[(6-[(18)F]fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)-pentanedioic acid, [(18)F]DCFPyL, as a potential imaging agent for the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is upregulated in prostate cancer epithelia and in the neovasculature of most solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN [(18)F]DCFPyL was synthesized in two steps from the p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) protected lys-C(O)-glu urea precursor using 6-[(18)F]fluoronicotinic acid tetrafluorophenyl ester ([(18)F]F-Py-TFP) for introduction of (18)F. Radiochemical synthesis was followed by biodistribution and imaging with PET in immunocompromised mice using isogenic PSMA PC3 PIP and PSMA- PC3 flu xenograft models. Human radiation dosimetry estimates were calculated using OLINDA/EXM 1.0. RESULTS DCFPyL displays a K(i) value of 1.1 ± 0.1 nmol/L for PSMA. [(18)F]DCFPyL was produced in radiochemical yields of 36%-53% (decay corrected) and specific radioactivities of 340-480 Ci/mmol (12.6-17.8 GBq/μmol, n = 3). In an immunocompromised mouse model [(18)F]DCFPyL clearly delineated PSMA+ PC3 PIP prostate tumor xenografts on imaging with PET. At 2 hours postinjection, 39.4 ± 5.4 percent injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was evident within the PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor, with a ratio of 358:1 of uptake within PSMA+ PC3 PIP to PSMA- PC3 flu tumor placed in the opposite flank. At or after 1 hour postinjection, minimal nontarget tissue uptake of [(18)F]DCFPyL was observed. The bladder wall is the dose-limiting organ. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest [(18)F]DCFPyL as a viable, new positron-emitting imaging agent for PSMA-expressing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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