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Sihver W, Walther M, Ullrich M, Nitt-Weber AK, Böhme J, Reissig F, Saager M, Zarschler K, Neuber C, Steinbach J, Kopka K, Pietzsch HJ, Wodtke R, Pietzsch J. Cyclohexanediamine Triazole (CHDT) Functionalization Enables Labeling of Target Molecules with Al 18F/ 68Ga/ 111In. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1402-1416. [PMID: 39185789 PMCID: PMC11417994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The Al18F-labeling approach offers a one-step access to radiofluorinated biomolecules by mimicking the labeling process for radiometals. Although these labeling conditions are considered to be mild compared to classic radiofluorinations, improvements of the chelating units have led to the discovery of (±)-H3RESCA, which allows Al18F-labeling already at ambient temperature. While the suitability of (±)-H3RESCA for functionalization and radiofluorination of proteins is well established, its use for small molecules or peptides is less explored. Herein, we advanced this acyclic pentadentate ligand by introducing an alkyne moiety for the late-stage functionalization of biomolecules via click chemistry. We show that in addition to Al18F-labeling, the cyclohexanediamine triazole (CHDT) moiety allows stable complexation of 68Ga and 111In. Three novel CHDT-functionalized PSMA inhibitors were synthesized and their Al18F-, 68Ga-, and 111In-labeled analogs were subjected to a detailed in vitro radiopharmacological characterization. Stability studies in vitro in human serum revealed among others a high kinetic inertness of all radiometal complexes. Furthermore, the Al18F-labeled PSMA ligands were characterized for their biodistribution in a LNCaP derived tumor xenograft mouse model by PET imaging. One radioligand, Al[18F]F-CHDT-PSMA-1, bearing a small azidoacetyl linker at the glutamate-urea-lysine motif, provided an in vivo performance comparable to that of [18F]PSMA-1007 but with even higher tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios at 120 min p.i. Overall, our results highlight the suitability of the novel CHDT moiety for functionalization and radiolabeling of small molecules or peptides with Al18F, 68Ga, and 111In and the triazole ring seems to entail favorable pharmacokinetic properties for molecular imaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Sihver
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Nitt-Weber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jenny Böhme
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Falco Reissig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalena Saager
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, School of Science,
Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, School of Science,
Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner
Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, School of Science,
Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Krutzek F, Donat CK, Stadlbauer S. Chelator impact: investigating the pharmacokinetic behavior of copper-64 labeled PD-L1 radioligands. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:14. [PMID: 38372838 PMCID: PMC10876507 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a critical role in the tumor microenvironment and overexpression in several solid cancers has been reported. This was associated with a downregulation of the local immune response, specifically of T-cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed a potential to break this localized immune paralysis, but only 30% of patients are considered responders. New diagnostic approaches are therefore needed to determine patient eligibility. Small molecule radiotracers targeting PD-L1, may serve as such diagnostic tools, addressing the heterogeneous PD-L1 expression between and within tumor lesions, thus aiding in therapy decisions. RESULTS Four biphenyl-based small-molecule PD-L1 ligands were synthesized using a convergent synthetic route with a linear sequence of up to eleven steps. As a chelator NODA-GA, CB-TE2A or DiAmSar was used to allow radiolabeling with copper-64 ([64Cu]Cu-14-[64Cu]Cu-16). In addition, a dimeric structure based on DiAmSar was synthesized ([64Cu]Cu-17). All four radioligands exhibited high proteolytic stability (> 95%) up to 48 h post-radiolabeling. Saturation binding yielded moderate affinities toward PD-L1, ranging from 100 to 265 nM. Real-time radioligand binding provided more promising KD values around 20 nM for [64Cu]Cu-14 and [64Cu]Cu-15. In vivo PET imaging in mice bearing both PC3 PD-L1 overexpressing and PD-L1-mock tumors was performed at 0-2, 4-5 and 24-25 h post injection (p.i.). This revealed considerably different pharmacokinetic profiles, depending on the substituted chelator. [64Cu]Cu-14, substituted with NODA-GA, showed renal clearance with low liver uptake, whereas substitution with the cross-bridged cyclam chelator CB-TE2A resulted in a primarily hepatobiliary clearance. Notably, the monomeric DiAmSar radioligand [64Cu]Cu-16 demonstrated a higher liver uptake than [64Cu]Cu-15, but was still renally cleared as evidenced by the lack of uptake in gall bladder and intestines. The dimeric structure [64Cu]Cu-17 showed extensive accumulation and trapping in the liver but was also cleared via the renal pathway. Of all tracer candidates and across all timepoints, [64Cu]Cu-17 showed the highest accumulation at 24 h p.i. in the PD-L1-overexpressing tumor of all timepoints and all radiotracers, indicating drastically increased circulation time upon dimerization of two PD-L1 binding motifs. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that chelator choice significantly influences the pharmacokinetic profile of biphenyl-based small molecule PD-L1 radioligands. The NODA-GA-conjugated radioligand [64Cu]Cu-14 exhibited favorable renal clearance; however, the limited uptake in tumors suggests the need for structural modifications to the binding motif for future PD-L1 radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Krutzek
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelius K Donat
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Brühlmann SA, Walther M, Kopka K, Kreller M. Production of the PET radionuclide 61Cu via the 62Ni(p,2n) 61Cu nuclear reaction. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:3. [PMID: 38180574 PMCID: PMC10770005 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only a handful of true theranostic matched pairs, and in particular the theranostic radiocopper trio 61Cu, 64Cu and 67Cu, for diagnosis and therapy respectively, is a very attractive candidate. In fact, the alternative of two imaging radionuclides with different half-lives is a clear advantage over other theranostic pairs, since it offers a better matching for the tracer biological and radionuclide physical half-lives. Due to the high availability of 64Cu, its translation into the clinic is being successfully carried out, giving the example of the FDA approved radiopharmaceutical Detectnet (copper Cu 64 dotatate injection). However, a shorter-lived PET radionuclide such as 61Cu may as well be beneficial. RESULTS Proton irradiation of enriched 62Ni electrodeposited targets with a compact cyclotron produced the desired radionuclide via the 62Ni(p,2n)61Cu nuclear reaction, leading to 61Cu activities of up to 20 GBq at end of bombardment and 8 GBq at end of purification. Furthermore, two purification methods are compared leading to comparable results regarding separation yield and product purity. Following the radiochemical separation, quality assessment of this product [61Cu]CuCl2 solution proved radionuclidic purities (RNP) over 99.6% and apparent molar activities (AMA) of 260 GBq/µmol with the 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid (TETA) chelator, end of purification corrected. CONCLUSIONS In the current article a comprehensive novel production method for the PET radionuclide 61Cu is presented, providing an alternative to the most popular production routes. Characterization of the [61Cu]CuCl2 product showed both high RNP as well as high AMA, proving that the produced activity presented high quality regarding radiolabeling up to 9 h after end of purification. Furthermore, production scalability could be easily achieved by increasing the irradiation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Andrés Brühlmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kreller
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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Shinada M, Suzuki H, Hanyu M, Igarashi C, Matsumoto H, Takahashi M, Hihara F, Tachibana T, Sogawa C, Zhang MR, Higashi T, Sato H, Kurihara H, Yoshii Y, Doi Y. Trace Metal Impurities Effects on the Formation of [ 64Cu]Cu-diacetyl-bis( N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([ 64Cu]Cu-ATSM). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:10. [PMID: 38275997 PMCID: PMC10821298 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
[64Cu]Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ([64Cu]Cu-ATSM) is a radioactive hypoxia-targeting therapeutic agent being investigated in clinical trials for malignant brain tumors. For the quality management of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM, understanding trace metal impurities' effects on the chelate formation of 64Cu and ATSM is important. In this study, we conducted coordination chemistry studies on metal-ATSM complexes. First, the effects of nonradioactive metal ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+) on the formation of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM were evaluated. When the amount of Cu2+ or Ni2+ added was 1.2 mol or 288 mol, equivalent to ATSM, the labeling yield of [64Cu]Cu-ATSM fell below 90%. Little effect was observed even when excess amounts of Zn2+ or Fe2+ were added to the ATSM. Second, these metals were reacted with ATSM, and chelate formation was measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. UV-Vis spectra showed a rapid formation of Cu2+ and the ATSM complex upon mixing. The rate of chelate formation by Ni2+ and ATSM was lower than that by Cu-ATSM. Zn2+ and Fe2+ showed much slower reactions with the ATSM than Ni2+. Trace amounts of Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ showed little effect on [64Cu]Cu-ATSM' quality, while the concentration of impurity Cu2+ must be controlled. These results can provide process management tools for radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Shinada
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Masayuki Hanyu
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Chika Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Fukiko Hihara
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Tomoko Tachibana
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Chizuru Sogawa
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Hidemitsu Sato
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kurihara
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Yukie Yoshii
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.S.); (M.H.); (C.I.); (H.M.); (F.H.); (C.S.); (M.-R.Z.); (T.H.)
- Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan; (H.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Doi
- Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (M.T.); (T.T.); (Y.D.)
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Krutzek F, Donat CK, Ullrich M, Stadlbauer S. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Small-Molecule-Based Radioligands with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties for Imaging of Programmed Death Ligand 1. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15894-15915. [PMID: 38038981 PMCID: PMC10726354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules offer some advantages for developing positron emission tomography (PET) tracers and are therefore a promising approach for imaging and therapy monitoring of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive tumors. Here, we report six biphenyl PD-L1 radioligands using the NODA-GA-chelator for efficient copper-64 complexation. These radioligands contain varying numbers of sulfonic and/or phosphonic acid groups, serving as hydrophilizing units to lower the log D7.4 value down to -4.28. The binding affinities of compounds were evaluated using saturation binding and a real-time binding assay, with a highest binding affinity of 21 nM. Small-animal PET imaging revealed vastly different pharmacokinetic profiles depending on the quantity and type of hydrophilizing units. Of the investigated radioligands, [64Cu]Cu-3 showed the most favorable kinetics in vitro. This was also found in vivo, with a predominantly renal clearance and a specific uptake in the PD-L1-overexpressing tumor. With further modifications, this compound could be a promising candidate for the imaging of PD-L1 in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Krutzek
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelius K. Donat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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6
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Krutzek F, Donat CK, Stadlbauer S. Exploring Hydrophilic PD-L1 Radiotracers Utilizing Phosphonic Acids: Insights into Unforeseen Pharmacokinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15088. [PMID: 37894769 PMCID: PMC10606431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in cancer patients, is a promising oncological treatment. However, the number of non-responders remains high, causing a burden for the patient and the healthcare system. Consequently, a diagnostic tool to predict treatment outcomes would help with patient stratification. Molecular imaging provides said diagnostic tool by offering a whole-body quantitative assessment of PD-L1 expression, hence supporting therapy decisions. Four PD-L1 radioligand candidates containing a linker-chelator system for radiometalation, along with three hydrophilizing units-one sulfonic and two phosphonic acids-were synthesized. After labeling with 64Cu, log D7.4 values of less than -3.03 were determined and proteolytic stability confirmed over 94% intact compound after 48 h. Binding affinity was determined using two different assays, revealing high affinities up to 13 nM. µPET/CT imaging was performed in tumor-bearing mice to investigate PD-L1-specific tumor uptake and the pharmacokinetic profile of radioligands. These results yielded an unexpected in vivo distribution, such as low tumor uptake in PD-L1 positive tumors, high liver uptake, and accumulation in bone/bone marrow and potentially synovial spaces. These effects are likely caused by Ca2+-affinity and/or binding to macrophages. Despite phosphonic acids providing high water solubility, their incorporation must be carefully considered to avoid compromising the pharmacokinetic behavior of radioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Krutzek
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Radiochemistry, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.K.); (C.K.D.)
| | - Cornelius K. Donat
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Radiochemistry, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.K.); (C.K.D.)
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Radiochemistry, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (F.K.); (C.K.D.)
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Ullrich M, Brandt F, Löser R, Pietzsch J, Wodtke R. Comparative Saturation Binding Analysis of 64Cu-Labeled Somatostatin Analogues Using Cell Homogenates and Intact Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24003-24009. [PMID: 37426243 PMCID: PMC10324063 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) typically entails the characterization of their binding affinity, which is often performed with radioligands in a competition or saturation binding assay format. Since GPCRs are transmembrane proteins, receptor samples for binding assays are prepared from tissue sections, cell membranes, cell homogenates, or intact cells. As part of our investigations on modulating the pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled peptides for improved theranostic targeting of neuroendocrine tumors with a high abundance of the somatostatin receptor sub-type 2 (SST2), we characterized a series of 64Cu-labeled [Tyr3]octreotate (TATE) derivatives in vitro in saturation binding assays. Herein, we report on the SST2 binding parameters measured toward intact mouse pheochromocytoma cells and corresponding cell homogenates and discuss the observed differences taking the physiology of SST2 and GPCRs in general into account. Furthermore, we point out method-specific advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Florian Brandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- School
of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- School
of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
- School
of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany
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8
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Krasnovskaya OO, Abramchuck D, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P, Kuznetsov A, Shemukhin A, Beloglazkina EK. Recent Advances in 64Cu/ 67Cu-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9154. [PMID: 37298101 PMCID: PMC10288943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-64 (T1/2 = 12.7 h) is a positron and beta-emitting isotope, with decay characteristics suitable for both positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and radiotherapy of cancer. Copper-67 (T1/2 = 61.8 h) is a beta and gamma emitter, appropriate for radiotherapy β-energy and with a half-life suitable for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. The chemical identities of 64Cu and 67Cu isotopes allow for convenient use of the same chelating molecules for sequential PET imaging and radiotherapy. A recent breakthrough in 67Cu production opened previously unavailable opportunities for a reliable source of 67Cu with high specific activity and purity. These new opportunities have reignited interest in the use of copper-containing radiopharmaceuticals for the therapy, diagnosis, and theranostics of various diseases. Herein, we summarize recent (2018-2023) advances in the use of copper-based radiopharmaceuticals for PET, SPECT imaging, radiotherapy, and radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga O. Krasnovskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.)
| | - Daniil Abramchuck
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.)
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.)
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Gorelkin
- Research Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Kuznetsov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shemukhin
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena K. Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.)
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9
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Krutzek F, Donat CK, Ullrich M, Zarschler K, Ludik MC, Feldmann A, Loureiro LR, Kopka K, Stadlbauer S. Design and Biological Evaluation of Small-Molecule PET-Tracers for Imaging of Programmed Death Ligand 1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092638. [PMID: 37174103 PMCID: PMC10177516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive molecular imaging of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint is of high clinical relevance for patient stratification and therapy monitoring in cancer patients. Here we report nine small-molecule PD-L1 radiotracers with solubilizing sulfonic acids and a linker-chelator system, designed by molecular docking experiments and synthesized according to a new, convergent synthetic strategy. Binding affinities were determined both in cellular saturation and real-time binding assay (LigandTracer), revealing dissociation constants in the single digit nanomolar range. Incubation in human serum and liver microsomes proved in vitro stability of these compounds. Small animal PET/CT imaging, in mice bearing PD-L1 overexpressing and PD-L1 negative tumors, showed moderate to low uptake. All compounds were cleared primarily through the hepatobiliary excretion route and showed a long circulation time. The latter was attributed to strong blood albumin binding effects, discovered during our binding experiments. Taken together, these compounds are a promising starting point for further development of a new class of PD-L1 targeting radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Krutzek
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelius K Donat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Charlotte Ludik
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Liliana R Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Stadlbauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Brühlmann SA, Walther M, Kreller M, Reissig F, Pietzsch HJ, Kniess T, Kopka K. Cyclotron-Based Production of 67Cu for Radionuclide Theranostics via the 70Zn(p,α) 67Cu Reaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:314. [PMID: 37259458 PMCID: PMC9961624 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Theranostic matched pairs of radionuclides have aroused interest during the last couple of years, and in that sense, copper is one element that has a lot to offer, and although 61Cu and 64Cu are slowly being established as diagnostic radionuclides for PET, the availability of the therapeutic counterpart 67Cu plays a key role for further radiopharmaceutical development in the future. Until now, the 67Cu shortage has not been solved; however, different production routes are being explored. This project aims at the production of no-carrier-added 67Cu with high radionuclidic purity with a medical 30MeV compact cyclotron via the 70Zn(p,α)67Cu reaction. With this purpose, proton irradiation of electrodeposited 70Zn targets was performed followed by two-step radiochemical separation based on solid-phase extraction. Activities of up to 600MBq 67Cu at end of bombardment, with radionuclidic purities over 99.5% and apparent molar activities of up to 80MBq/nmol, were quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Andrés Brühlmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kreller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Falco Reissig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Brandt F, Ullrich M, Wodtke J, Kopka K, Bachmann M, Löser R, Pietzsch J, Pietzsch HJ, Wodtke R. Enzymological Characterization of 64Cu-Labeled Neprilysin Substrates and Their Application for Modulating the Renal Clearance of Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals. J Med Chem 2023; 66:516-537. [PMID: 36595224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of radioligands for targeted endoradionuclide therapy is limited due to radiation-induced toxicity to healthy tissues, in particular to the kidneys as primary organs of elimination. The targeting of enzymes of the renal brush border membrane by cleavable linkers that permit the formation of fast eliminating radionuclide-carrying cleavage fragments gains increasing interest. Herein, we synthesized a small library of 64Cu-labeled cleavable linkers and quantified their substrate potentials toward neprilysin (NEP), a highly abundant peptidase at the renal brush border membrane. This allowed for the derivation of structure-activity relationships, and selected cleavable linkers were attached to the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 ligand [Tyr3]octreotate. Radiopharmacological characterization revealed that a substrate-based targeting of NEP in the kidneys with small peptides entails their premature cleavage in the blood circulation by soluble and endothelium-derived NEP. However, for a kidney-specific targeting of NEP, the additional targeting of albumin in the blood is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328Dresden, Germany
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12
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Production Review of Accelerator-Based Medical Isotopes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165294. [PMID: 36014532 PMCID: PMC9415084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The production of reactor-based medical isotopes is fragile, which has meant supply shortages from time to time. This paper reviews alternative production methods in the form of cyclotrons, linear accelerators and neutron generators. Finally, the status of the production of medical isotopes in China is described.
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13
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Development and Functional Characterization of a Versatile Radio-/Immunotheranostic Tool for Prostate Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081996. [PMID: 35454902 PMCID: PMC9027777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In previous studies, we described a modular Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell platform which we termed UniCAR. In contrast to conventional CARs, the interaction of UniCAR T cells does not occur directly between the CAR T cell and the tumor cell but is mediated via bispecific adaptor molecules so-called target modules (TMs). Here we present the development and functional characterization of a novel IgG4-based TM, directed to the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), which is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). We show that this anti-PSCA IgG4-TM cannot only be used for (i) redirection of UniCAR T cells to PCa cells but also for (ii) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and (iii) alpha particle-based endoradiotherapy. For radiolabeling, the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was conjugated with the chelator DOTAGA. PET imaging was performed using the 64Cu-labeled anti-PSCA IgG4-TM. According to PET imaging, the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM accumulates with high contrast in the PSCA-positive tumors of experimental mice without visible uptake in other organs. For endoradiotherapy the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM-DOTAGA conjugate was labeled with 225Ac3+. Targeted alpha therapy resulted in tumor control over 60 days after a single injection of the 225Ac-labeled TM. The favorable pharmacological profile of the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM, and its usage for (i) imaging, (ii) targeted alpha therapy, and (iii) UniCAR T cell immunotherapy underlines the promising radio-/immunotheranostic capabilities for the diagnostic imaging and treatment of PCa. Abstract Due to its overexpression on the surface of prostate cancer (PCa) cells, the prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a potential target for PCa diagnosis and therapy. Here we describe the development and functional characterization of a novel IgG4-based anti-PSCA antibody (Ab) derivative (anti-PSCA IgG4-TM) that is conjugated with the chelator DOTAGA. The anti-PSCA IgG4-TM represents a multimodal immunotheranostic compound that can be used (i) as a target module (TM) for UniCAR T cell-based immunotherapy, (ii) for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, and (iii) targeted alpha therapy. Cross-linkage of UniCAR T cells and PSCA-positive tumor cells via the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM results in efficient tumor cell lysis both in vitro and in vivo. After radiolabeling with 64Cu2+, the anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was successfully applied for high contrast PET imaging. In a PCa mouse model, it showed specific accumulation in PSCA-expressing tumors, while no uptake in other organs was observed. Additionally, the DOTAGA-conjugated anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was radiolabeled with 225Ac3+ and applied for targeted alpha therapy. A single injection of the 225Ac-labeled anti-PSCA IgG4-TM was able to significantly control tumor growth in experimental mice. Overall, the novel anti-PSCA IgG4-TM represents an attractive first member of a novel group of radio-/immunotheranostics that allows diagnostic imaging, endoradiotherapy, and CAR T cell immunotherapy.
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14
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Brandt F, Ullrich M, Laube M, Kopka K, Bachmann M, Löser R, Pietzsch J, Pietzsch HJ, van den Hoff J, Wodtke R. "Clickable" Albumin Binders for Modulating the Tumor Uptake of Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals. J Med Chem 2021; 65:710-733. [PMID: 34939412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The intentional binding of radioligands to albumin gains increasing attention in the context of radiopharmaceutical cancer therapy as it can lead to an enhanced radioactivity uptake into the tumor lesions and, thus, to a potentially improved therapeutic outcome. However, the influence of the radioligand's albumin-binding affinity on the time profile of tumor uptake has been only partly addressed so far. Based on the previously identified Nε-4-(4-iodophenyl)butanoyl-lysine scaffold, we designed "clickable" lysine-derived albumin binders (cLABs) and determined their dissociation constants toward albumin by novel assay methods. Structure-activity relationships were derived, and selected cLABs were applied for the modification of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 ligand (Tyr3)octreotate. These novel conjugates were radiolabeled with copper-64 and subjected to a detailed in vitro and in vivo radiopharmacological characterization. Overall, the results of this study provide an incentive for further investigations of albumin binders for applications in endoradionuclide therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandt
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg van den Hoff
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Electrochemical deposition of nickel from aqueous electrolytic baths prepared by dissolution of metallic powder. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new method of preparation of aqueous electrolyte baths for electrochemical deposition of nickel targets for medical accelerators is presented. It starts with fast dissolution of metallic Ni powder in a HNO3-free solvent. Such obtained raw solution does not require additional treatment aimed to removal nitrates, such as the acid evaporation and Ni salt precipitation-dissolution. It is used directly for preparation of the nickel plating baths after dilution with water, setting up pH value and after possible addition of H3BO3. The pH of the baths ranges from alkaline to acidic. Deposition of 95% of ca. 50 mg of Ni dissolved in the bath takes ca. 3.5 h for the alkaline electrolyte while for the acidic solution it requires ca. 7 h. The Ni deposits obtained from the acidic bath are physically and chemically more stable and possess smoother and crack-free surfaces as compared to the coatings deposited from the alkaline bath. A method of estimation of concentration of H2O2 in the electrolytic bath is also proposed.
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16
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Singh G, Ddungu JLZ, Licciardello N, Bergmann R, De Cola L, Stephan H. Ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles as a promising platform for multimodal imaging. Faraday Discuss 2021; 222:362-383. [PMID: 32108214 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00091g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bimodal systems for nuclear and optical imaging are currently being intensively investigated due to their comparable detection sensitivity and the complementary information they provide. In this perspective, we have implemented both modalities on biocompatible ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs). Such nanoparticles are particularly interesting since they are highly biocompatible, have covalent surface functionalization and demonstrate very fast body clearance. We prepared monodisperse citrate-stabilized Si NPs (2.4 ± 0.5 nm) with more than 40 accessible terminal amino groups per particle and, for the first time, simultaneously, a near-infrared dye (IR800-CW) and a radiolabel (64Cu-NOTA = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid) have been covalently linked to the surface of such Si NPs. The obtained nanomaterials have been fully characterized using HR-TEM, XPS, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. These dual-labelled particles do not exhibit any cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo studies employing both positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging (OI) techniques revealed rapid renal clearance of dual-labelled Si NPs from mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
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17
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Mieszkowska M, Grdeń M. Electrochemical deposition of nickel targets from aqueous electrolytes for medical radioisotope production in accelerators: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper reviews reported methods of the electrochemical deposition of nickel layers which are used as target materials for accelerator production of medical radioisotopes. The review focuses on the electrodeposition carried out from aqueous electrolytes. It describes the main challenges related to the preparation of suitable Ni target layers, such as work with limited amounts of expensive isotopically enriched nickel; electrodeposition of sufficiently thick, smooth and free of cracks layers; and recovery of unreacted Ni isotopes from the irradiated targets and from used electrolytic baths.
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18
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Bergmann R, Chollet C, Els-Heindl S, Ullrich M, Berndt N, Pietzsch J, Máthé D, Bachmann M, Beck-Sickinger AG. Development of a ghrelin receptor inverse agonist for positron emission tomography. Oncotarget 2021; 12:450-474. [PMID: 33747360 PMCID: PMC7939532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of Ghrelin receptors in vivo provides unique potential to gain deeper understanding on Ghrelin and its receptors in health and disease, in particular, in cancer. Ghrelin, an octanoylated 28-mer peptide hormone activates the constitutively active growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a) with nanomolar activity. We developed novel compounds, derived from the potent inverse agonist K-(D-1-Nal)-FwLL-NH2 but structurally varied by lysine conjugation with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane,1-glutaric acid-4,7-acetic acid (NODAGA), palmitic acid and/or diethylene glycol (PEG2) to allow radiolabeling and improve pharmacokinetics, respectively. All compounds were tested for receptor binding, potency and efficacy in vitro, for biodistribution and -kinetics in rats and in preclinical prostate cancer models on mice. Radiolabeling with Cu-64 and Ga-68 was successfully achieved. The Cu-64- or Ga-68-NODAGA-NH-K-K-(D-1-NaI)-F-w-L-L-NH2 radiotracer were specifically accumulated by the GHS-R1a in xenotransplanted human prostate tumor models (PC-3, DU-145) in mice. The tumors were clearly delineated by PET. The radiotracer uptake was also partially blocked by K-(D-1-Nal)-FwLL-NH2 in stomach and thyroid. The presence of the GHS-R1a was also confirmed by immunohistology. In the arterial rat blood plasma, only the original compounds were found. The Cu-64 or Ga-68-NODAGA-NH-K-K-(D-1-NaI)-F-w-L-L-NH2 radiolabeled inverse agonists turned out to be potent and safe. Due to their easy synthesis, high affinity, medium potency, metabolic stability, and the suitable pharmacokinetic profiles, they are excellent tools for imaging and quantitation of GHS-R1a expression in normal and cancer tissues by PET. These compounds can be used as novel biomarkers of the Ghrelin system in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Constance Chollet
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Berndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center, Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases, Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Svedjehed J, Kutyreff CJ, Engle JW, Gagnon K. Automated, cassette-based isolation and formulation of high-purity [ 61Cu]CuCl 2 from solid Ni targets. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:21. [PMID: 33151400 PMCID: PMC7644601 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A need for improved, cassette-based automation of 61Cu separation from irradiated Ni targets was identified given the growing interest in theranostics, and generally lengthy separation chemistries for 64Cu/64Ni, upon which 61Cu chemistry is often based. METHODS A method for separating 61Cu from irradiated natNi targets was therefore developed, with provision for target recycling. Following deuteron irradiation, electroplated natNi targets were remotely transferred from the cyclotron and dissolved in acid. The dissolved target solution was then transferred to an automated FASTlab chemistry module, where sequential TBP and TK201 (Triskem) resins isolated the [61Cu]CuCl2, removed Ni, Co, and Fe, and concentrated the product into a formulation suitable for anticipated radiolabelling reactions. RESULTS 61Cu saturation yields of 190 ± 33 MBq/μA from energetically thick natNi targets were measured. The average, decay-corrected, activity-based dissolution efficiency was 97.5 ± 1.4% with an average radiochemical yield of 90.4 ± 3.2% (N = 5). The isolated activity was collected approximately 65 min post end of bombardment in ~ 2 mL of 0.06 M HCl (HCl concentration was verified by titration). Quality control of the isolated [61Cu]CuCl2 (N = 5) measured 58Co content of (8.3 ± 0.6) × 10- 5% vs. 61Cu by activity, Ni separation factors ≥ (2.2 ± 1.8) × 106, EoB molar activities 85 ± 23 GBq/μmol and NOTA-based EoB apparent molar activities of 31 ± 8 MBq/nmol and 201 MBq/nmol for the 30 min and 3.3 h (N = 1) irradiations, respectively. CONCLUSION High purity 61Cu was produced with the developed automated method using a single-use, cassette-based approach. It was also applicable for 64Cu, as demonstrated with a single proof-of-concept 64Ni target production run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Svedjehed
- Cyclotrons and TRACERcenter, GE Healthcare, GEMS PET Systems AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher J Kutyreff
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine Gagnon
- Cyclotrons and TRACERcenter, GE Healthcare, GEMS PET Systems AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Pasquali M, Martini P, Shahi A, Jalilian AR, Osso JA, Boschi A. Copper-64 based radiopharmaceuticals for brain tumors and hypoxia imaging. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2020; 64:371-381. [PMID: 33026209 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most common and aggressive primary malignancy of the central nervous system is Glioblastoma that, as a wide range of malignant solid tumor, is characterized by extensive hypoxic regions. A great number of PET radiopharmaceuticals have been developed for the identification of hypoxia in solid tumors, among these, we find copper-based tracers. The aim of the current review paper was to provide an overview of radiocopper compounds applied for preclinical and clinical research in brain tumors and hypoxia imaging or therapy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Copper offers a wide variety of isotopes, useful for nuclear medicine applications, but only 64Cu and 67Cu are under the spotlight of the scientific community since being good candidates for theranostic applications. Between the two, 64Cu availability and production cost have attracted more interest of the scientific community. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In order to better understand the application of copper-bis thiosemicarbazones in hypoxia imaging, an overview of the role of hypoxia in cancer, existing non-imaging and imaging techniques for hypoxia identification and promising future avenues regarding hypoxia is necessary. Different proposed uptake mechanisms of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] inside the cell will be discussed and other 64Cu-based tracers for brain tumors described. CONCLUSIONS Among radio copper compounds [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] is the most studied radiopharmaceutical for imaging and treatment of brain tumors. Experimental evidence suggested that [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] could be more appropriately considered as a marker of over-reduced intracellular state rather than a pure hypoxia agent. Moreover, preliminary clinical data suggested that [64Cu]CuCl<inf>2</inf> can be a potentially useful diagnostic agent for malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Pasquali
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Laboratories of Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra Martini
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Laboratories of Legnaro, Padua, Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arman Shahi
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amir R Jalilian
- Department of Nuclear Science and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Joao A Osso
- Department of Nuclear Science and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandra Boschi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy -
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21
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Avellini T, Soni N, Silvestri N, Fiorito S, De Donato F, De Mei C, Walther M, Cassani M, Ghosh S, Manna L, Stephan H, Pellegrino T. Cation Exchange Protocols to Radiolabel Aqueous Stabilized ZnS, ZnSe, and CuFeS 2 Nanocrystals with 64Cu for Dual Radio- and Photo-Thermal Therapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2002362. [PMID: 32684910 PMCID: PMC7357593 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, cation exchange (CE) reactions are exploited to radiolabel ZnSe, ZnS, and CuFeS2 metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) with 64Cu. The CE protocol requires one simple step, to mix the water-soluble NCs with a 64Cu solution, in the presence of vitamin C used to reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I). Given the quantitative cation replacement on the NCs, a high radiochemical yield, up to 99%, is reached. Also, provided that there is no free 64Cu, no purification step is needed, making the protocol easily translatable to the clinic. A unique aspect of the approach is the achievement of an unprecedentedly high specific activity: by exploiting a volumetric CE, the strategy enables to concentrate a large dose of 64Cu (18.5 MBq) in a small NC dose (0.18 µg), reaching a specific activity of 103 TBq g-1. Finally, the characteristic dielectric resonance peak, still present for the radiolabeled 64Cu:CuFeS2 NCs after the partial-CE reaction, enables the generation of heat under clinical laser exposure (1 W cm-2). The synergic toxicity of photo-ablation and 64Cu ionization is here proven on glioblastoma and epidermoid carcinoma tumor cells, while no intrinsic cytotoxicity is seen from the NC dose employed for these dual experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Avellini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | - Nisarg Soni
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | | | - Sergio Fiorito
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | | | - Claudia De Mei
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | - Martin Walther
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische KrebsforschungHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Marco Cassani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
- Present address:
International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA‐ICRC)Center for Translational MedicineBrno62500Czech Republic
| | - Sandeep Ghosh
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
- Present address:
Epi Process TechnologyASM America Inc.3440 East University DrivePhoenixAZ85034‐7200USA
| | - Liberato Manna
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)via Morego 30Genova16163Italy
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische KrebsforschungHelmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden‐RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400Dresden01328Germany
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22
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Mitwasi N, Feldmann A, Arndt C, Koristka S, Berndt N, Jureczek J, Loureiro LR, Bergmann R, Máthé D, Hegedüs N, Kovács T, Zhang C, Oberoi P, Jäger E, Seliger B, Rössig C, Temme A, Eitler J, Tonn T, Schmitz M, Hassel JC, Jäger D, Wels WS, Bachmann M. "UniCAR"-modified off-the-shelf NK-92 cells for targeting of GD2-expressing tumour cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2141. [PMID: 32034289 PMCID: PMC7005792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific redirection of immune effector cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) demonstrated high therapeutic potential for targeting cancers of different origins. Beside CAR-T cells, natural killer (NK) cells represent promising alternative effectors that can be combined with CAR technology. Unlike T cells, primary NK cells and the NK cell line NK-92 can be applied as allogeneic off-the-shelf products with a reduced risk of toxicities. We previously established a modular universal CAR (UniCAR) platform which consists of UniCAR-expressing immune cells that cannot recognize target antigens directly but are redirected by a tumour-specific target module (TM). The TM contains an antigen-binding moiety fused to a peptide epitope which is recognized by the UniCAR molecule, thereby allowing an on/off switch of CAR activity, and facilitating flexible targeting of various tumour antigens depending on the presence and specificity of the TM. Here, we provide proof of concept that it is feasible to generate a universal off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic based on UniCAR NK-92 cells targeted to tumours expressing the disialoganglioside GD2 by GD2-specific TMs that are either based on an antibody-derived single-chain fragment variable (scFv) or an IgG4 backbone. Redirected UniCAR NK-92 cells induced specific killing of GD2-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo, associated with enhanced production of interferon-γ. Analysis of radiolabelled proteins demonstrated that the IgG4-based format increased the in vivo half-life of the TM markedly in comparison to the scFv-based molecule. In summary, UniCAR NK-92 cells represent a universal off-the-shelf platform that is highly effective and flexible, allowing the use of different TM formats for specific tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mitwasi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Berndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Justyna Jureczek
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liliana R Loureiro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Semmelweis University, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Semmelweis University, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Hegedüs
- Semmelweis University, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Congcong Zhang
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pranav Oberoi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Jäger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Claudia Rössig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children´s Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Section Experimental Neurosurgery and Tumor Immunology, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiri Eitler
- Expermintal Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Expermintal Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC) 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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23
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Mikolajczak R, van der Meulen NP, Lapi SE. Radiometals for imaging and theranostics, current production, and future perspectives. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:615-634. [PMID: 31137083 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to make the reader familiar with currently available radiometals, their production modes, capacities, and quality concerns related to their medical use, as well as new emerging radiometals and irradiation technologies from the perspective of their diagnostic and theranostic applications. Production methods of 177 Lu serve as an example of various issues related to the production yield, specific activity, radionuclidic and chemical purity, and production economy. Other radiometals that are currently used or explored for potential medical applications, with particular focus on their theranostic value, are discussed. Using radiometals for diagnostic imaging and therapy is on the rise. The high demand for radiometals for medical use prompts investigations towards using alternative irradiation reactions, while using existing nuclear reactors and accelerator facilities. This review discusses these production capacities and what is necessary to cover the growing demand for theranostic nuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mikolajczak
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland
| | | | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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24
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van der Meulen NP, Hasler R, Blanc A, Farkas R, Benešová M, Talip Z, Müller C, Schibli R. Implementation of a new separation method to produce qualitatively improved 64
Cu. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:460-470. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. van der Meulen
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Roger Hasler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Alain Blanc
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Renata Farkas
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Martina Benešová
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen-PSI Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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25
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Hoberück S, Wunderlich G, Michler E, Hölscher T, Walther M, Seppelt D, Platzek I, Zöphel K, Kotzerke J. Dual-time-point 64 Cu-PSMA-617-PET/CT in patients suffering from prostate cancer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:523-532. [PMID: 31042811 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of its high positron energy, 68 Ga-labeled PSMA ligands have become standard of care in metabolic prostate cancer imaging. 64 Cu, a radionuclide with a much longer half-life (12.7 h), is available for PSMA labeling allowing imaging much later than 68 Ga. In this study, the diagnostic performance of 64 Cu-labeled PSMA was compared between early and late scans. Sixteen men (median age: 70 y) with prostate cancer in different stages underwent 64 Cu-PSMA-617-PET/CT 2 and 22 hours post tracer injection. Pathologic and physiologic uptakes were analyzed for both points of time. Pathologic tracer accumulations occurred in 12 patients. Five patients presented with pathologic uptake in 17 different lymph nodes, two patients showed pathologic bone uptake in nine lesions, and seven patients had pathologic PSMA uptake in eight prostatic lesions. Physiologic uptake of the renal parenchyma, urine bladder, and salivary glands decreased over time, while the physiologic uptake of liver and bowel increased. In the present study, 64 Cu-PSMA-617-PET demonstrated to be feasible for imaging prostate cancer for both the primary tumor site and metastases. Later imaging showed no additional, clinically relevant benefit compared with the early scans. At least the investigated time points we chose did not vindicate the additional expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hoberück
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Wunderlich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Enrico Michler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hölscher
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Institute of Radiopharmacy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Danilo Seppelt
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Platzek
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Zöphel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Ohya T, Minegishi K, Suzuki H, Nagatsu K, Fukada M, Hanyu M, Zhang MR. Development of a remote purification apparatus with disposable evaporator for the routine production of high-quality 64Cu for clinical use. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 146:127-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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David T, Hlinová V, Kubíček V, Bergmann R, Striese F, Berndt N, Szöllősi D, Kovács T, Máthé D, Bachmann M, Pietzsch HJ, Hermann P. Improved Conjugation, 64-Cu Radiolabeling, in Vivo Stability, and Imaging Using Nonprotected Bifunctional Macrocyclic Ligands: Bis(Phosphinate) Cyclam (BPC) Chelators. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8774-8796. [PMID: 30180567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional derivatives of bis(phosphinate)-bearing cyclam (BPC) chelators bearing a carboxylate, amine, isothiocyanate, azide, or cyclooctyne in the BP side chain were synthesized. Conjugations required no protection of phosphinate or ring secondary amine groups. The ring amines were not reactive (proton protected) at pH < ∼8. For isothiocyanate coupling, oligopeptide N-terminal α-amines were more suitable than alkyl amines, e.g., Lys ω-amine (p Ka ∼7.5-8.5 and ∼10-11, respectively) due to lower basicity. The Cu-64 labeling was efficient at room temperature (specific activity ∼100 GBq/μmol; 25 °C, pH 6.2, ∼100 ligand equiv, 10 min). A representative Cu-64-BPC was tested in vivo showing fast clearance and no nonspecific radioactivity deposition. The monoclonal anti-PSCA antibody 7F5 conjugates with thiocyanate BPC derivative or NODAGA were radiolabeled and studied in PC3-PSCA tumor bearing mice by PET. The radiolabeled BPC conjugate was accumulated in the prostate tumor with a low off-target uptake, unlike Cu-64-labeled NODAGA-antibody conjugate. The BPC chelators have a great potential for theranostic applications of the Cu-64/Cu-67 matched pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš David
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic.,Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Veronika Hlinová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Franziska Striese
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Nicole Berndt
- Partner Site Dresden , German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) , Fetscherstrasse 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Dávid Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology , Semmelweis University , Tűzoltó utca 37-47 , H-1094 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology , University of Pannonia , Egyetem St. 10 , H-8200 Veszprém , Hungary.,Social Organization for Radioecological Cleanliness , P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém , Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology , Semmelweis University , Tűzoltó utca 37-47 , H-1094 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany.,Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC) , "Carl Gustav Carus" Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstrasse 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) , "Carl Gustav Carus" Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstrasse 74 , 01307 Dresden , Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Bautzner Landstrasse 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague , Czech Republic
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Radiolabeling and Analysis of Labeled Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30097955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8745-0_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Protein-based preparations for biomedical research, and radiolabeled pharmaceuticals for nuclear medical diagnostics and therapy require highest chemical, radiochemical, and in particular protein purity. For detection of contaminations most commonly size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel analysis in combination with silver staining is used. Here we describe a by far more sensitive radiolabeling method for the detection of traces of contaminating proteins.
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30
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The emerging role of copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals as cancer theranostics. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1489-1501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Exploring pitfalls of 64Cu-labeled EGFR-targeting peptide GE11 as a potential PET tracer. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1415-1431. [PMID: 30039310 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents an important molecular target for both radiotracer-based diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy of various cancer entities. For the delivery of radionuclides to the tumor, peptides hold great potential as a transport vehicle. With respect to EGFR, the peptide YHWYGYTPQNVI (GE11) has been reported to bind the receptor with high specificity and affinity. In the present study, GE11 with β-alanine (β-Ala-GE11) was conjugated to the chelating agent p-SCN-Bn-NOTA and radiolabeled with 64Cu for the first radio pharmacological evaluation as a potential probe for positron emission tomography (PET)-based cancer imaging. For better water solubility, an ethylene glycol-based linker was introduced between the peptide's N terminus and the radionuclide chelator. The stability of the 64Cu-labeled peptide conjugate and its binding to EGFR-expressing tumor cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo, and then compared with the 64Cu-labeled EGFR-targeting antibody conjugate NOTA-cetuximab. The GE11 peptide conjugate [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-linker-β-Ala-GE11 ([64Cu]Cu-1) was stable in a buffer solution for at least 24 h but only 50% of the original compound was detected after 24 h of incubation in human serum. Stability could be improved by amidation of the peptide's C terminus (β-Ala-GE11-NH2 (2)). Binding assays with both conjugates, [64Cu]Cu-1 and [64Cu]Cu-2, using the EGFR-expressing tumor cell lines A431 and FaDu showed no specific binding. A pilot small animal PET investigation in FaDu tumor-bearing mice revealed only low tumor uptake (standard uptake value (SUV) < 0.2) for both conjugates. The best tumor-to-muscle ratio determined was 3.75 for [64Cu]Cu-1, at 1 h post injection. In conclusion, the GE11 conjugates in its present form are not suitable for further biological investigations, since they presumably form aggregates.
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32
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Licciardello N, Hunoldt S, Bergmann R, Singh G, Mamat C, Faramus A, Ddungu JLZ, Silvestrini S, Maggini M, De Cola L, Stephan H. Biodistribution studies of ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles and carbon dots in experimental rats and tumor mice. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9880-9891. [PMID: 29658023 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01063c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall clearable nanoparticles possess enormous potential as cancer imaging agents. In particular, biocompatible silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) hold great potential in this regard. Their facile surface functionalization easily allows the introduction of different labels for in vivo imaging. However, to date, a thorough biodistribution study by in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and a comparative study of Si vs. C particles of similar size are missing. In this contribution, ultrasmall (size <5 nm) Si NPs and CQDs were synthesized and characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), absorption and steady-state emission spectroscopy. Subsequent functionalization of NPs with a near-infrared dye (Kodak-XS-670) or a radiolabel (64Cu) enabled a detailed in vitro and in vivo study of the particles. For radiolabeling experiments, the bifunctional chelating agent S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (p-SCN-Bn-NOTA) was conjugated to the amino surface groups of the respective NPs. Efficient radiolabeling of NOTA-functionalized NPs with the positron emitter 64Cu was found. The biodistribution and PET studies showed a rapid renal clearance from the in vivo systems for both variants of the nanoparticles. Interestingly, the different derivatives investigated exhibited significant differences in the biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties. This can mostly be attributed to different surface charge and hydrophilicity of the NPs, arising from the synthetic strategy used to prepare the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Licciardello
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.
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33
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Fiedler L, Kellner M, Oos R, Böning G, Ziegler S, Bartenstein P, Zeidler R, Gildehaus FJ, Lindner S. Fully Automated Production and Characterization of 64 Cu and Proof-of-Principle Small-Animal PET Imaging Using 64 Cu-Labelled CA XII Targeting 6A10 Fab. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1230-1237. [PMID: 29667369 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
64 Cu is a cyclotron-produced radionuclide which offers, thanks to its characteristic decay scheme, the possibility of combining positron emission tomography (PET) investigations with radiotherapy. We evaluated the Alceo system from Comecer SpA to automatically produce 64 Cu for radiolabelling purposes. We established a 64 Cu production routine with high yields and radionuclide purity in combination with excellent operator radiation protection. The carbonic anhydrase XII targeting 6A10 antibody Fab fragment was successfully radiolabelled with the produced 64 Cu, and proof-of-principle small-animal PET experiments on mice bearing glioma xenografts were performed. We obtained a high tumor-to-contralateral muscle ratio, which encourages further in vivo investigations of the radioconjugate regarding a possible application in diagnostic tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Fiedler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kellner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Group Gene Vectors, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosel Oos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Böning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Group Gene Vectors, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Joshi T, Kubeil M, Nsubuga A, Singh G, Gasser G, Stephan H. Harnessing the Coordination Chemistry of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane for Biomimicry and Radiopharmaceutical Applications. Chempluschem 2018; 83:554-564. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Joshi
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Anne Nsubuga
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Garima Singh
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech; PSL University; Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology; 75005 Paris France
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf; Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
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35
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Karimi Z, Sadeghi M, Mataji-Kojouri N. 64Cu, a powerful positron emitter for immunoimaging and theranostic: Production via natZnO and natZnO-NPs. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 137:56-61. [PMID: 29571037 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
64Cu is one of the most beneficial radionuclide that can be used as a theranostic agent in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. In this current work, 64Cu was produced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (natZnONPs) and zinc oxide powder (natZnO) via the 64Zn(n,p)64Cu reaction in Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) and the activity values were compared with each other. The theoretical activity of 64Cu also was calculated with MCNPX-2.6 and the cross sections of this reaction were calculated by using TALYS-1.8, EMPIRE-3.2.2 and ALICE/ASH nuclear codes and were compared with experimental values. Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were used for samples characterizations. From these results, it's concluded that 64Cu activity value with nanoscale target was achieved more than the bulk state target and had a good adaptation with the MCNPX result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naimeddin Mataji-Kojouri
- Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Reactor and Nuclear Safety Research School, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Development of novel target modules for retargeting of UniCAR T cells to GD2 positive tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108584-108603. [PMID: 29312553 PMCID: PMC5752466 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As the expression of a tumor associated antigen (TAA) is commonly not restricted to tumor cells, adoptively transferred T cells modified to express a conventional chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) might not only destroy the tumor cells but also attack target-positive healthy tissues. Furthermore, CAR T cells in patients with large tumor bulks will unpredictably proliferate and put the patients at high risk of adverse side effects including cytokine storms and tumor lysis syndrome. To overcome these problems, we previously established a modular CAR technology termed UniCAR: UniCAR T cells can repeatedly be turned on and off via dosing of a target module (TM). TMs are bispecific molecules which cross-link UniCAR T cells with target cells. After elimination of the respective TM, UniCAR T cells automatically turn off. Here we describe novel TMs against the disialoganglioside GD2 which is overexpressed in neuroectodermal but also many other tumors. In the presence of GD2-specific TMs, we see a highly efficient target-specific and -dependent activation of UniCAR T cells, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor cell lysis both in vitro and experimental mice. According to PET-imaging, anti-GD2 TM enrich at the tumor site and are rapidly eliminated thus fulfilling all prerequisites of a UniCAR TM.
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37
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Pishali Bejestani E, Cartellieri M, Bergmann R, Ehninger A, Loff S, Kramer M, Spehr J, Dietrich A, Feldmann A, Albert S, Wermke M, Baumann M, Krause M, Bornhäuser M, Ehninger G, Bachmann M, von Bonin M. Characterization of a switchable chimeric antigen receptor platform in a pre-clinical solid tumor model. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1342909. [PMID: 29123951 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1342909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The universal modular chimeric antigen receptor (UniCAR) platform redirects CAR-T cells using a separated, soluble targeting module with a short half-life. This segregation allows precise controllability and flexibility. Herein we show that the UniCAR platform can be used to efficiently target solid cancers in vitro and in vivo using a pre-clinical prostate cancer model which overexpresses prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA). Short-term administration of the targeting module to tumor bearing immunocompromised mice engrafted with human UniCAR-T cells significantly delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of recipient mice both in a low and high tumor burden model. In addition, we analyzed phenotypic and functional changes of cancer cells and UniCAR-T cells in association with the administration of the targeting module to reveal potential immunoevasive mechanisms. Most notably, UniCAR-T cell activation induced upregulation of immune-inhibitory molecules such as programmed death ligands. In conclusion, this work illustrates that the UniCAR platform mediates potent anti-tumor activity in a relevant in vitro and in vivo solid tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Pishali Bejestani
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Simon Loff
- GEMoaB Monoclonals GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kramer
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Antje Dietrich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Susann Albert
- UniversityCancerCenter (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wermke
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,UniversityCancerCenter (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,UniversityCancerCenter (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cellex Patient Treatment GmbH, Dresden, Germany.,GEMoaB Monoclonals GmbH, Dresden, Germany.,Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,UniversityCancerCenter (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cellex Patient Treatment GmbH, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,GEMoaB Monoclonals GmbH, Dresden, Germany.,UniversityCancerCenter (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Department I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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38
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Bergmann R, Kubeil M, Zarschler K, Chhabra S, Tajhya RB, Beeton C, Pennington MW, Bachmann M, Norton RS, Stephan H. Distribution and kinetics of the Kv1.3-blocking peptide HsTX1[R14A] in experimental rats. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623364 PMCID: PMC5473807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide HsTX1[R14A] is a potent and selective blocker of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3, which is a highly promising target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and other conditions. In order to assess the biodistribution of this peptide, it was conjugated with NOTA and radiolabelled with copper-64. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HsTX1[R14A] was synthesised in high radiochemical purity and yield. The radiotracer was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The biodistribution and PET studies after intravenous and subcutaneous injections showed similar patterns and kinetics. The hydrophilic peptide was rapidly distributed, showed low accumulation in most of the organs and tissues, and demonstrated high molecular stability in vitro and in vivo. The most prominent accumulation occurred in the epiphyseal plates of trabecular bones. The high stability and bioavailability, low normal-tissue uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HsTX1[R14A], and accumulation in regions of up-regulated Kv channels both in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that HsTX1[R14A] represents a valuable lead for conditions treatable by blockade of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3. The pharmacokinetics shows that both intravenous and subcutaneous applications are viable routes for the delivery of this potent peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Rajeev B Tajhya
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, D-01328, Germany
| | - Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
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39
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Biological characterization of novel nitroimidazole-peptide conjugates in vitr
o and in vivo. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:597-609. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Schubert M, Bergmann R, Förster C, Sihver W, Vonhoff S, Klussmann S, Bethge L, Walther M, Schlesinger J, Pietzsch J, Steinbach J, Pietzsch HJ. Novel Tumor Pretargeting System Based on Complementary l-Configured Oligonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1176-1188. [PMID: 28222590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unnatural mirror image l-configured oligonucleotides (L-ONs) are a convenient substance class for the application as complementary in vivo recognition system between a tumor specific antibody and a smaller radiolabeled effector molecule in pretargeting approaches. The high hybridization velocity and defined melting conditions are excellent preconditions of the L-ON based methodology. Their high metabolic stability and negligible unspecific binding to endogenous targets are superior characteristics in comparison to their d-configured analogs. In this study, a radiopharmacological evaluation of a new l-ONs based pretargeting system using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) specific antibody cetuximab (C225) as target-seeking component is presented. An optimized PEGylated 17mer-L-DNA was conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA (NOTA') to permit radiolabeling with the radionuclide 64Cu. C225 was modified with the complementary 17mer-L-DNA (c-L-DNA) strand as well as with NOTA' for radiolabeling and use for positron emission tomography (PET). Two C225 conjugates were coupled with 1.5 and 5.0 c-L-DNA molecules, respectively. In vitro characterization was done with respect to hybridization studies, competition and saturation binding assays in EGFR expressing squamous cell carcinoma cell lines A431 and FaDu. The modified C225 derivatives exhibited high binding affinities in the low nanomolar range to the EGFR. PET and biodistribution experiments on FaDu tumor bearing mice with directly 64Cu-labeled NOTA'3-C225-(c-L-DNA)1.5 conjugate revealed that a pretargeting interval of 24 h might be a good compromise between tumor accumulation, internalization, blood background, and liver uptake of the antibody. Despite internalization of the antibody in vivo pretargeting experiments showed an adequate hybridization of 64Cu-radiolabeled NOTA'-L-DNA to the tumor located antibody and a good tumor-to-muscle ratio of about 11 resulting in a clearly visible image of the tumor after 24 h up to 72 h. Furthermore, low accumulation of radioactivity in organs responsible for metabolism and excretion was determined. The presented results indicate a high potential of complementary L-ONs for the pretargeting approach which can also be applied to therapeutic radionuclides such as 177Lu, 90Y, 186Re, or 188Re.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Schubert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Förster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sihver
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Walther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Schlesinger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden , School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden , School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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41
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Albert S, Arndt C, Feldmann A, Bergmann R, Bachmann D, Koristka S, Ludwig F, Ziller-Walter P, Kegler A, Gärtner S, Schmitz M, Ehninger A, Cartellieri M, Ehninger G, Pietzsch HJ, Pietzsch J, Steinbach J, Bachmann M. A novel nanobody-based target module for retargeting of T lymphocytes to EGFR-expressing cancer cells via the modular UniCAR platform. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1287246. [PMID: 28507794 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1287246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent treatments of leukemias with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells underline their impressive therapeutic potential. However, once adoptively transferred into patients, there is little scope left to shut them down after elimination of tumor cells or in case adverse side effects occur. This becomes of special relevance if they are directed against commonly expressed tumor associated antigens (TAAs) such as receptors of the ErbB family. To overcome this limitation, we recently established a modular CAR platform technology termed UniCAR. UniCARs are not directed against TAAs but instead against a unique peptide epitope on engineered recombinant targeting modules (TMs), which guide them to the target. In the absence of a TM UniCAR T cells are inactive. Thus an interruption of any UniCAR activity requires an elimination of unbound TM and the TM complexed with UniCAR T cells. Elimination of the latter one requires a disassembly of the UniCAR-TM complexes. Here, we describe a first nanobody (nb)-based TM directed against EGFR. The novel TM efficiently retargets UniCAR T cells to EGFR positive tumors and mediates highly efficient target-specific and target-dependent tumor cell lysis both in vitro and in vivo. After radiolabeling of the novel TM with 64Cu and 68Ga, we analyzed its biodistribution and clearance as well as the stability of the UniCAR-TM complexes. As expected unbound TM is rapidly eliminated while the elimination of the TM complexed with UniCAR T cells is delayed. Nonetheless, we show that UniCAR-TM complexes dissociate in vitro and in vivo in a concentration-dependent manner in line with the concept of a repeated stop and go retargeting of tumor cells via the UniCAR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Albert
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominik Bachmann
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Ludwig
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Ziller-Walter
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gärtner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic I, University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, Germany, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 'Carl Gustav Carus,' TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Ohya T, Nagatsu K, Suzuki H, Fukada M, Minegishi K, Hanyu M, Fukumura T, Zhang MR. Efficient preparation of high-quality 64 Cu for routine use. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:685-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Lee JW, Park JA, Lee YJ, Shin UC, Kim SW, Kim BI, Lim SM, An GI, Kim JY, Lee KC. New Glucocyclic RGD Dimers for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Integrin Receptors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:209-16. [PMID: 27403677 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of radiolabeled arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides have shown in vitro affinity for integrin ανβ3, allowing for the targeting of receptor-positive tumors in vivo. However, major differences have been found in the pharmacokinetic profiles of different radiolabeled RGD peptide analogs. The purposes of this study were to prepare (64)Cu-DOTA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (R8), (64)Cu-NOTA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (R9), and (64)Cu-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]2 (R10) and compare their pharmacokinetics and tumor imaging properties using small-animal positron emission tomography (PET). All three compounds were produced with high specific activity within 10 minutes. The IC50 values were similar for all the substances, and their affinities were greater than that of c(RGDyK). R8, R9, and R10 were stable for 24 hours in human and mouse serums and showed high uptake in U87MG tumors with high tumor-to-blood ratios. Compared to the control, a cyclic RGD peptide dimer without glucosamine, R10, showed low uptake in the liver. Because of their good imaging qualities and improved pharmacokinetics, (64)Cu-labeled dimer RGD conjugates (R8, R9, and R10) may have potential applications as PET radiotracers. R9 (NOTA) with highly in vivo stability consequentially showed an improved PET tumor uptake than R8 (DOTA) or R10 (NODAGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Lee
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Chol Shin
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhng Wook Kim
- 2 Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Il Kim
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Il An
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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44
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David T, Kubíček V, Gutten O, Lubal P, Kotek J, Pietzsch HJ, Rulíšek L, Hermann P. Cyclam Derivatives with a Bis(phosphinate) or a Phosphinato–Phosphonate Pendant Arm: Ligands for Fast and Efficient Copper(II) Complexation for Nuclear Medical Applications. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11751-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš David
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Gutten
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí
2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Lubal
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical
Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo náměstí
2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
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45
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Szelecsényi F, Steyn GF, Kovács Z. On the formation of non-radioactive copper during the production of 64Cu via proton and deuteron-induced nuclear reactions on enriched 64Ni targets. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Production of 61Cu by the natZn(p,α) reaction: improved separation and specific activity determination by titration with three chelators. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Kubeil M, Zarschler K, Pietzsch J, Kraus W, Comba P, Stephan H. Copper(II) Cyclam Complexes withN-Propionic Acid Pendant Arms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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48
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Johnsen AM, Heidrich BJ, Durrant CB, Bascom AJ, Ünlü K. Reactor production of 64Cu and 67Cu using enriched zinc target material. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Walther M, Preusche S, Bartel S, Wunderlich G, Freudenberg R, Steinbach J, Pietzsch HJ. Theranostic mercury: 197(m) Hg with high specific activity for imaging and therapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 97:177-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Paúrová M, Havlíčková J, Pospíšilová A, Vetrík M, Císařová I, Stephan H, Pietzsch HJ, Hrubý M, Hermann P, Kotek J. Bifunctional Cyclam-Based Ligands with Phosphorus Acid Pendant Moieties for Radiocopper Separation: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies. Chemistry 2015; 21:4671-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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