1
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Mokhtari Dorostkar M, Kangarlou H, Abdi Saray A. Investigating polyurethane foam loaded with high-z nanoparticles for gamma radiation shielding compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16271. [PMID: 39009719 PMCID: PMC11251141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of research into radiation and protection against it, the importance of searching for proper materials against radiation hazards has been recognized. Gamma radiation protection materials usually deal with heavy elements with high prices, which are hard to maintain. Polyurethane-based (PU) materials are popular in sound and thermal insulation due to, their low-weight properties and, most importantly, fast and convenient construction ingredients. PU foams (PUF) can be used as radiation shield and noise and heat resistance due to their approachability, light-weight, high resistance, and comfortable construction. This study involved simulation and an experiment to construct and investigate the properties of Polyurethane material doped with lead oxide as a gamma shield. The shield was considered in several weight fractions of lead, yielding several samples. The MCNPX 2.6 Monte Carlo code has been utilized for simulation procedure, and 137Cs was employed as the gamma source in both simulation and experiment. The results offer a promising response against the gamma radiation and are suitable for attenuating gamma rays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haleh Kangarlou
- Department of Physics, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
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2
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Safari A, Rafie P, Taeb S, Najafi M, Mortazavi SMJ. Development of Lead-Free Materials for Radiation Shielding in Medical Settings: A Review. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:229-244. [PMID: 39027711 PMCID: PMC11252547 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2404-1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Radiation protection is an essential issue in diagnostic radiology to ensure the safety of patients, healthcare professionals, and the general public. Lead has traditionally been used as a shielding material due to its high atomic number, high density, and effectiveness in attenuating radiation. However, some concerns related to the long-term health effects of toxicity, environmental disease as well as heavy weight of lead have led to the search for alternative lead-free shielding materials. Leadfree multilayered polymer composites and non-lead nano-composite shields have been suggested as effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead-based and single metal shields. Using several elements with high density and atomic number, such as bismuth, barium, gadolinium, and tungsten, offer significant enhancements in the shielding ability of composites. This review focuses on the development and use of lead-free materials for radiation shielding in medical settings. It discusses the drawbacks of traditional lead shielding, such as toxicity, weight, and recycling challenges, and highlights the benefits of lead-free alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Payman Rafie
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Mahmoudian M, Radmehr M, Alimoradlou K, Zamani A, Balkanloo PG. Attenuation properties of hybrid nanocomposite film containing Ce 2O, GO, and α-Al 2O 3 nanoparticles for high energy radiations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15918. [PMID: 37741859 PMCID: PMC10517928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of diagnostic radiation in medical centers has spread due to the incidence of various diseases. Thus, it is essential that patients and medical staff wear protective clothing to protect themselves from their harmful effects. In the past, lead protective clothing has been used; however, the toxicity and heaviness of lead have limited the tendency to use these clothing. Recently, nanocomposites containing heavy element nanoparticles have been introduced as an alternative to lead coatings. In this study, hybrid nanocomposites containing ceria (CeO2), alumina (Al2O3), and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were studied for this purpose. Ceria, alumina, and graphene oxide nanoparticles were mixed with polyethylenevinylacetate (EVA) dissolved in chloroform and casted on a glass plate to form nanocomposite films. The prepared nanoparticles and films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, and then the attenuation properties of the films against high-energy radiation (120 kV) were studied in two narrow and broad beam geometries. The results showed that hybrid films, despite having a lower percentage of nanoparticles, showed better attenuation properties, which indicated the synergistic effect of nanoparticles with different mechanisms in attenuating the radiations. The attenuation ability of these films was considerable due to their lower density compared to lead. The fabricated hybrid nanocomposite films with a suitable performance in attenuation of high-energy radiations used in therapeutic diagnostics, can be proposed as a suitable alternative to conventional lead clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mahmoudian
- Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Radmehr
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Asghar Zamani
- Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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4
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Alsaab AH, Zeghib S. Study of Prepared Lead-Free Polymer Nanocomposites for X- and Gamma-ray Shielding in Healthcare Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092142. [PMID: 37177287 PMCID: PMC10181160 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer composites were synthesized via melt mixing for radiation shielding in the healthcare sector. A polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) matrix was filled with Bi2O3 nanoparticles at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% weight percentages. The characterization of nanocomposites included their morphological, structural, and thermal properties, achieved using SEM, XRD, and TGA, respectively. The shielding properties for all synthesized samples including pristine PMMA were measured with gamma spectrometry using a NaI (Tl) scintillator detector spanning a wide range of energies and using different radioisotopes, namely Am-241 (59.6 keV), Co-57 (122.2 keV), Ra-226 (242.0), Ba-133 (80.99 and 356.02 keV), Cs-137 (661.6 keV), and Co-60 (1173.2 and 1332.5 keV). A substantial increase in the mass attenuation coefficients was obtained at low and medium energies as the filler weight percentage increased, with minor variations at higher gamma energies (1173 and 1332 keV). The mass attenuation coefficient decreased with increasing energy except under 122 keV gamma rays due to the K-absorption edge of bismuth (90.5 keV). At 40% loading of Bi2O3, the mass attenuation coefficient for the cesium 137Cs gamma line at 662 keV reached the corresponding value for the toxic heavy element lead. The synthesized PMMA-Bi2O3 nanocomposites proved to be highly effective, lead-free, safe, and lightweight shielding materials for X- and gamma rays within a wide energy range (<59 keV to 1332 keV), making them of interest for healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrhman Hasan Alsaab
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadek Zeghib
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Yu L, Yap PL, Santos AM, Tran DN, Losic D. Lightweight polyester fabric with elastomeric bismuth titanate composite for high-performing lead-free X-ray shielding. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Gouda MM, Obeid A, Awad R, Badawi MS. Gamma-ray attenuation parameters of HDPE filled with different nano-size and Bulk WO3. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 197:110790. [PMID: 37037134 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was obtained through a compression molding technique, and incorporated with different filler weight fractions (0, 10, 15, 25, and 35%) of bulk WO3, and two different WO3 nanoparticle sizes (45 nm and 24 nm). The radiation attenuation ability of the new category of polymer composite HDPE/WO3 was evaluated using gamma-ray energies ranging from 59.53 up to 1332.5keV of four radioactive sources 241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co. The mass attenuation coefficients μm, the total molecular cross-section σmol, the effective atomic cross-section σatom, the total electronic cross-section σel, the effective atomic number Zeff, electron density Neff, the half value layer (HVL), the tenth value layer (TVL), and the relaxation length were investigated. The obtained results of the gamma-ray attenuation parameters exhibited an outstanding influence of the size and weight fraction of WO3 filler on the gamma-ray shielding ability of the HDPE composite. A significant improvement was detected at low gamma-ray energies. The HVL of the synthesized HDPE composites is compared with that of pure lead as a conventional shielding material. HDPE composite filled with the smaller size of WO3 nanoparticle shows good improvement in the attenuation parameters, which suggests promising applications in radiation protection and gamma-ray shielding.
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7
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Evaluation of the Tungsten trioxide performance on polyepoxides radiation shielding strength. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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8
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Mahmoud K, Sayyed M, Hashim S, Almuqrin AH, El-Soad A.M A. Impacts of halloysite clay nanoparticles on the structural and γ-ray shielding properties of the epoxy resin. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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9
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Moonkum N, Pilapong C, Daowtak K, Tochaikul G. Radiation Protection Device Composite of Epoxy Resin and Iodine Contrast Media for Low-Dose Radiation Protection in Diagnostic Radiology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020430. [PMID: 36679309 PMCID: PMC9865924 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation protection in radiology is important because radiation may cause harm to the human body. The equipment for radiation protection is essential to ensure safe operations. Currently, there is widespread research on lead-free radiation shielding material. The aim of this research was to study lead-free material containing epoxy and iodine contrast media that was easy to form, low in cost, and environmentally friendly. The results showed that 2-cm material thickness with a concentration of 20% iodine had the greatest properties of radiation attenuate in the peak potential applied at technique 60-120 kVp, but the structure and strength of the shielding materials were decreased in accordance with increasing concentrations of iodine contrast media. It can be concluded that the lead-free epoxy radiation-shielding materials are able to absorb radiation at energy levels of 60-120 kVp. However, with improvement on homogeneity in the future, it could be used as a refractory shielding material in the radiology department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthapong Moonkum
- Faculty of Radiological Technology, Rangsit University, Rangsit 12000, Thailand
| | - Chalermchai Pilapong
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krai Daowtak
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Gunjanaporn Tochaikul
- Faculty of Radiological Technology, Rangsit University, Rangsit 12000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-917622663
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10
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Nontoxic flexible PVC nanocomposites with Ta2O5 and Bi2O3 nanoparticles for shielding diagnostic X-rays. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Darukesha B, Radhakrishna V, Rajanna K. Suitability of nanoparticles for gamma-ray applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 191:110519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Views on Radiation Shielding Efficiency of Polymeric Composites/Nanocomposites and Multi-Layered Materials: Current State and Advancements. RADIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This article highlights advancements in polymeric composite/nanocomposites processes and applications for improved radiation shielding and high-rate attenuation for the spacecraft. Energetic particles, mostly electrons and protons, can annihilate or cause space craft hardware failures. The standard practice in space electronics is the utilization of aluminum as radiation safeguard and structural enclosure. In space, the materials must be lightweight and capable of withstanding extreme temperature/mechanical loads under harsh environments, so the research has focused on advanced multi-functional materials. In this regard, low-Z materials have been found effective in shielding particle radiation, but their structural properties were not sufficient for the desired space applications. As a solution, polymeric composites or nanocomposites have been produced having enhanced material properties and enough radiation shielding (gamma, cosmic, X-rays, protons, neutrons, etc.) properties along with reduced weight. Advantageously, the polymeric composites or nanocomposites can be layered to form multi-layered shields. Hence, polymer composites/nanocomposites offer promising alternatives to developing materials for efficiently attenuating photon or particle radiation. The latest technology developments for micro/nano reinforced polymer composites/nanocomposites have also been surveyed here for the radiation shielding of space crafts and aerospace structures. Moreover, the motive behind this state-of-the-art overview is to put forward recommendations for high performance design/applications of reinforced nanocomposites towards future radiation shielding technology in the spacecraft.
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13
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Abbas MI, Alahmadi AH, Elsafi M, Alqahtani SA, Yasmin S, Sayyed MI, Gouda MM, El-Khatib AM. Effect of Kaolin Clay and ZnO-Nanoparticles on the Radiation Shielding Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224801. [PMID: 36432928 PMCID: PMC9698053 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radiation is mandatory in modern life, but the harms of radiation cannot be avoided. To minimize the effect of radiation, protection is required for the safety of the environment and human life. Hence, inventing a better shield than a conventional shielding material is the priority of researchers. Due to this reason, this current research deals with an innovative shielding material named EKZ samples having a composition of (epoxy resin (90-40) wt %-kaolin clay (10-25) wt %-ZnO-nano particles (0-35) wt %). The numerous compositional variations of (epoxy resin, kaolin clay, and ZnO-nano particles on the prepared EKZ samples varied the density of the samples from 1.24 to 1.95 g/cm3. The radiation shielding parameter of linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE) were measured to evaluate the radiation diffusion efficiency of newly made EKZ samples. These radiation shielding parameters were measured with the help of the HPGe detector utilizing the three-point sources (Am-241, Cs-137, and Co-60). The obtained results exposed that the value of linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and radiation protection efficiency (RPE) was maximum, yet the value of half value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL), were minimum due to the greater amount of kaolin clay and ZnO-nanoparticles, whereas the amount of epoxy resin was lesser. In addition, it has been clear that as-prepared EKZ samples are suitable for low-dose shielding applications as well as EKZ-35 showed a better shielding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I. Abbas
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Abdullah H. Alahmadi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Sultan A. Alqahtani
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Physics, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chattogram 4349, Bangladesh
| | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M. Gouda
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Khatib
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
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14
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Cheraghi E, Chen S, Liu JA, Sun Y, Yeow JT. Lightweight and flexible bismuth oxide composite with enhanced
x‐ray
shielding efficiency. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Cheraghi
- Systems Design Engineering Department University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Systems Design Engineering Department University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Jiayu Alexander Liu
- Systems Design Engineering Department University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Yonghai Sun
- Systems Design Engineering Department University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - John Tze‐Wei Yeow
- Systems Design Engineering Department University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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15
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Okonkwo UC, Idumah CI, Okafor CE, Ohagwu CC, Aronu ME, Okokpujie IP, Chukwu NN, Chukwunyelu CE. Development, Characterization, and Properties of Polymeric Nanoarchitectures for Radiation Attenuation. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Elsafi M, El-Nahal MA, Sayyed MI, Saleh IH, Abbas MI. Novel 3-D printed radiation shielding materials embedded with bulk and nanoparticles of bismuth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12467. [PMID: 35864112 PMCID: PMC9304356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new type of radiation shielding material was developed by using a 3-D printing technique which enables to create a light radiation shielding materials of a great variety of shapes and dimensions. Micro and nano bismuth particles were incorporated as a filler between the inner layers of polylactic acid thermoplastic polymer (PLA Plastic) designed of the investigated 3-D printed prototypes to achieve the desired radiation attenuation. The effect of particle size on the attenuation parameters were studied over the energy range from 0.0595 to 1.41 MeV. The mass and thickness needed to reduce the intensity of the incoming radiation to half of its original value were determined experimentally for pure polymer (ABS Plastic), polymer with bulk Bi, and polymer with nano Bi. The results reveal that bismuth NPs with average particle size of about 17 ± 3 nm have a greater mass attenuation capability than normal bulk bismuth particles, meaning they are more efficient and a lighter shield can be produced. The enhanced shielding ability of nano bismuth particles was contributed to the excellent particle distribution, leading to an increase in the probability of photons interacting with the bismuth atoms. The bismuth NPs 3-D printed objects can be considered as a promising radiation shielding candidates and also could be utilized in manufacturing of radiation medical phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elsafi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | - M A El-Nahal
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M I Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - I H Saleh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M I Abbas
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
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17
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Kilicoglu O, More CV, Akman F, Dilsiz K, Oğul H, Kaçal M, Polat H, Agar O. Micro Pb filled polymer composites: Theoretical, experimental and simulation results for γ-ray shielding performance. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Noor Azman NZ, Irwaty Wan Mohamed WF, Ramli RM. Synthesis and characterization of electrospun n-ZnO/n-Bi2O3/epoxy-PVA nanofiber mat for low X-ray energy shielding application. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Nuñez-Briones A, Benavides R, Martínez-Pardo M, Carrasco-Abrego H, Kotzian-Pereira-Benavides C, Espejo-Villalobos D, García-Cerda L. Effect of gamma dose rate in the crosslinking of PVC composites used for radiation protection in radiology. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Al-Balushi MA, Ahmed NM, Zyoud SH, Mohammed Ali MK, Akhdar H, Aldaghri OA, Ibnaouf KH. Ionization Radiation Shielding Effectiveness of Lead Acetate, Lead Nitrate, and Bismuth Nitrate-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorods Thin Films: A Comparative Evaluation. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010003. [PMID: 35009152 PMCID: PMC8746144 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of Nano-based shielding materials is an advancing research area in material sciences and nanotechnology. Although bulky lead-based products remain the primary choice for radiation protection, environmental disadvantages and high toxicity limit their potentials, necessitating less costly, compatible, eco-friendly, and light-weight alternatives. The theme of the presented investigation is to compare the ionization radiation shielding potentialities of the lead acetate (LA), lead nitrate (LN), and bismuth nitrate (BN)-doped zinc oxide nanorods-based thin films (ZONRs-TFs) produced via the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The impact of the selected materials' doping content on morphological and structural properties of ZONRs-TF was investigated. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analyses of both undoped and doped TFs revealed the existence of hexagonal quartzite crystal structures. The composition analysis by energy dispersive (EDX) detected the corrected elemental compositions of the deposited films. Field emission scanning electronic microscope (FESEM) images of the TFs showed highly porous and irregular surface morphologies of the randomly aligned NRs with cracks and voids. The undoped and 2 wt.% BN-doped TFs showed the smallest and largest grain size of 10.44 nm and 38.98 nm, respectively. The linear attenuation coefficient (µ) values of all the optimally doped ZONRs-TFs measured against the X-ray photon irradiation disclosed their excrement shielding potency. The measured µ values of the ZONRs-TFs displayed the trend of 1 wt.% LA-doped TF > 1 wt.% LN-doped TF > 3 wt.% BN-doped TF > undoped TFs). The values of μ of the ZONRs-TFs can be customized by adjusting the doping contents, which in turn controls the thickness and morphology of the TFs. In short, the proposed new types of the LA-, LN- and BN-doped ZONRs-TFs may contribute towards the development of the prospective ionization radiation shielding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naser M. Ahmed
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (M.A.A.-B.); (S.H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Samer H. Zyoud
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor 11800, Malaysia; (M.A.A.-B.); (S.H.Z.)
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.M.A.); (O.A.A.); (K.H.I.)
| | - Hanan Akhdar
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.M.A.); (O.A.A.); (K.H.I.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Osamah A. Aldaghri
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.M.A.); (O.A.A.); (K.H.I.)
| | - Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.M.A.); (O.A.A.); (K.H.I.)
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21
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Mokhtari K, Saadi MK, Panahi HA, Jahanfarnia G. The shielding properties of the ordinary concrete reinforced with innovative nano polymer particles containing PbO–H3BO3 for dual protection against gamma and neutron radiations. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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23
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Alshahri S, Alsuhybani M, Alosime E, Almurayshid M, Alrwais A, Alotaibi S. LDPE/Bismuth Oxide Nanocomposite: Preparation, Characterization and Application in X-ray Shielding. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183081. [PMID: 34577982 PMCID: PMC8471621 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently developed polymer-based composites could prove useful in many applications such as in radiation shielding. In this work, the potential of a bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanofiller based on an LDPE polymer was developed as lead-free X-ray radiation shielding offering the benefits of lightness, low-cost and non-toxic compared to pure lead. Three different LDPE-based composites were prepared with varying weight percentages of Bi2O3: 5%, 10% and 15%. The characterizations were extended to include structural properties, physical features, mechanical and thermal properties, and radiation shielding efficiency for the prepared nanocomposites. The results revealed that the incorporation of the Bi2O3 nanofiller into an LDPE improved the density of the composites. There was also a slight increase in the tensile strength and tensile modulus. In addition, there was a clear improvement in the efficiency of the shield when fillers were added to the LDPE polymer. The LDPE + Bi2O3 (15%) composite needed the lowest thickness to attenuate 50% of the incident X-rays. The LDPE + Bi2O3 (15%) polymer can also block around 80% of X-rays at 47.9 keV. In real practice, a thicker shield of the proposed composite materials, or a higher percentage of the filler could be employed to safely ensure the radiation is blocked.
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24
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Fabrication, characterization, simulation and experimental studies of the ordinary concrete reinforced with micro and nano lead oxide particles against gamma radiation. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Chen J, Du S, Pan L, Hao N, Zhang X, Fu Y. The compressive property of a fiber‐reinforced resin beetle elytron plate and its influence mechanism. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Shengchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Longcheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Ning Hao
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structures of the Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Yaqin Fu
- College of Materials and Textiles Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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26
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Almurayshid M, Alsagabi S, Alssalim Y, Alotaibi Z, Almsalam R. Feasibility of polymer-based composite materials as radiation shield. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Şahin N, Bozkurt M, Karabul Y, Kılıç M, Özdemir ZG. Low cost radiation shielding material for low energy radiation applications: Epoxy/Yahyali Stone composites. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2021.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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High-efficiency, flexibility and lead-free X-ray shielding multilayered polymer composites: layered structure design and shielding mechanism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4384. [PMID: 33623062 PMCID: PMC7902636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the severe toxicity and blind absorption zone of conventional lead-based shielding materials for X-rays in the 70–90 keV range, the lead-free multilayered polymer composites were designed and fabricated. The effects of the direction of incidence of the X-rays and number of layers as well as layer thickness ratio of the (tungsten/ethylene-octene copolymer)/(bismuth/ethylene-octene copolymer) layered composites on their shielding efficiency were studied systematically. Compared to the traditional polymer blending, the multilayered polymer composites exhibited the improved photon attenuation. The multilayered polymer composites (layer thickness ratio was 3:7) with 6 layers had the best X-ray shielding ability. Moreover, the X-ray shielding provided by the multi-layered interfaces and the multiple complementary effect of the absorption within the multilayered structure were firstly proposed based on computer simulations. The multilayered structural design effectively weakened the probability of the X-ray penetration. Therefore, the X-ray shielding capability can be effectively enhanced through increasing number of layers and the synergistic effect of multi-layered interfaces. The experimental results of this study can serve as guidelines for the fabrication of flexibility, lead-free, lightweight and high-efficiency X-ray shielding materials.
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29
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More CV, Alsayed Z, Badawi MS, Thabet AA, Pawar PP. Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:2057-2090. [PMID: 33558806 PMCID: PMC7857349 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The rising use of radioactive elements is increasing radioactive pollution and calling for advanced materials to protect individuals. For instance, polymers are promising due to their mechanical, electrical, thermal, and multifunctional properties. Moreover, composites made of polymers and high atomic number fillers should allow to obtain material with low-weight, good flexibility, and good processability. Here we review the synthesis of polymer materials for radiation protection, with focus on the role of the nanofillers. We discuss the effectivness of polymeric materials for the absorption of fast neutrons. We also present the recycling of polymers into composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali V. More
- Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, MS India
| | - Zainab Alsayed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed. S. Badawi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abouzeid. A. Thabet
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Pravina P. Pawar
- Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, MS India
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30
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Nuñez-Briones A, Benavides R, Mendoza-Mendoza E, Martínez-Pardo M, Carrasco-Abrego H, Kotzian C, Saucedo-Zendejo F, García-Cerda L. Preparation of PVC/Bi2O3 composites and their evaluation as low energy X-Ray radiation shielding. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Mansouri E, Mesbahi A, Malekzadeh R, Mansouri A. Shielding characteristics of nanocomposites for protection against X- and gamma rays in medical applications: effect of particle size, photon energy and nano-particle concentration. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:583-600. [PMID: 32780196 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for many applications. Composites doped with different metal nanoparticles have been suggested as effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead-based materials. The use of concretes as structural and radiation protective material has been influenced by the addition of nanomaterials. Several elements with high atomic number and density, such as lead, bismuth, and tungsten, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer significant enhancements in the shielding ability of composites. Their performance for a range of particle concentrations, particle sizes, and photon energies have been investigated. This review is an attempt to gather the data published in the literature about the application of nanomaterials in radiation shielding, including the use of polymer composites and concretes for protection against X-rays and gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mansouri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mesbahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mansouri
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
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32
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Hashemi SA, Mousavi SM, Faghihi R, Arjmand M, Rahsepar M, Bahrani S, Ramakrishna S, Lai CW. Superior X-ray Radiation Shielding Effectiveness of Biocompatible Polyaniline Reinforced with Hybrid Graphene Oxide-Iron Tungsten Nitride Flakes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1407. [PMID: 32585991 PMCID: PMC7361692 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-ray radiation is a harmful carcinogenic electromagnetic source that can adversely affect the health of living species and deteriorate the DNA of cells, thus it's vital to protect vulnerable sources from them. To address this flaw, the conductive polymeric structure of polyaniline (PANi) was reinforced with diverse filler loadings (i.e., 25 wt % and 50 wt %) of hybrid graphene oxide-iron tungsten nitride (ITN) flakes toward attenuation of X-ray beams and inhabitation of microorganisms' growth. Primary characterizations confirmed the successful decoration of graphene oxide (GO) with interconnected and highly dense structure of iron tungsten nitride with a density of about 24.21 g.cm⁻3 and reinforcement of PANi with GO-ITN. Additionally, the outcome of evaluations showed the superior performance of developed shields, where a shield with 1.2 mm thickness containing 50 wt % GO-ITN showed 131.73 % increase in the electrical conductivity (compared with neat PANi) along with 78.07%, 57.12%, and 44.99% decrease in the amplitude of the total irradiated X-ray waves at 30, 40, and 60 kVp tube voltages, respectively, compared with control X-ray dosage. More importantly, the developed shields not only showed non-toxic nature and improved the viability of cells, but also completely removed the selected microorganisms at a concentration of 1000 µg.mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Alireza Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (S.M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (S.M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Reza Faghihi
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran;
- Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Mansour Rahsepar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Zand Boulevard, Shiraz 71348-51154, Iran;
| | - Sonia Bahrani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran; (S.M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore;
| | - Chin Wei Lai
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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33
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Muthamma MV, Bubbly SG, Gudennavar SB. Attenuation properties of
epoxy‐Ta
2
O
5
and
epoxy‐Ta
2
O
5
‐Bi
2
O
3
composites at γ‐ray energies 59.54 and 662
keV. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Abdalsalam AH, Şakar E, Kaky KM, Mhareb M, Cevi̇z Şakar B, Sayyed M, Gürol A. Investigation of gamma ray attenuation features of bismuth oxide nano powder reinforced high-density polyethylene matrix composites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Investigation of fast neutron shielding properties of new polyurethane-based composites loaded with B 4C, BeO, WO 3, ZnO, and Gd 2O 3 micro-and nanoparticles. POLISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/pjmpe-2019-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to study the radiation shielding properties of polyurethane-based shielding materials filled with B4C, BeO, WO3, ZnO, and Gd2O3 particles against fast neutrons. The macroscopic cross sections of composites containing micro- and nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 µm and 50 nm were calculated using MCNPX (2.6.0) Monte Carlo code. The results showed that adding nano-scaled fillers to polyurethane matrix increases attenuation properties of neutron shields compared to micro-scaled fillers for intermediate and fast neutrons. Among the studied composites, WO3 and Gd2O3 nano-composites presented higher neutron cross section compared to others.
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36
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Gamma Attenuation Coefficients of Nano Cadmium Oxide/High density Polyethylene Composites. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16012. [PMID: 31690761 PMCID: PMC6831599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix mixed with micro-sized and nano-sized Cadmium oxide (CdO) particles of different concentrations were prepared by compression molding technique. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of particle size and weight percentage of CdO particles on the gamma radiation shielding ability of CdO/HDPE composites. The mass attenuation coefficients of pure HDPE, micro-CdO/HDPE and nano-CdO/HDPE composites were evaluated at photon energies ranging from 59.53 keV to 1408.01 keV using standard radioactive point sources [241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 152Eu]. Adding micro and nano CdO particles to the HDPE matrix clearly increases the mass attenuation coefficients of the composites and the improvement is more significant at low γ-ray energies. The effect of particle size of CdO filler has an important role on the shielding ability of the composite. The experimental results reveal that, the composites filled with nano-CdO have better γ-radiation shielding ability compared to that filled with micro-CdO at the same weight fraction. A relative increase rate of about 16% is obtained with nano-CdO content of 40 wt% at 59.53 keV, which attributed to the higher probability of interaction between γ-rays and nanoparticles. From this study, it can be concluded that nano-CdO has a good performance shielding characteristic than micro-CdO in HDPE based radiation shielding material.
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37
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Çağlar M, Kayacık H, Karabul Y, Kılıç M, Güven Özdemir Z, İçelli O. Na2Si3O7/BaO composites for the gamma-ray shielding in medical applications: Experimental, MCNP5, and WinXCom studies. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2019.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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F K, S M, M A H. A Monte Carlo Study on the Shielding Properties of a Novel Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/WO 3 Composite, Against Gamma Rays, Using the MCNPX Code. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:465-472. [PMID: 31531300 PMCID: PMC6709351 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been an increased interest toward non-lead radiation shields consisting of small-sized filler particles doped into polymer matrices. In this paper, we study a new polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/WO3 composite in the presence of high-energy gamma photons through simulation via the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation code.
Material and Methods: An MCNP geometry was first designed in the software based on real-life conditions, and the generated geometry was validated by calculating the mass attenuation coefficient and making relative
comparisons with standard tables. Using the lattice card in the MCNP input file, WO3 was considered as a filler dispersed in a PVA polymer at sizes of 10 µm and 30 nm with a weight concentration
of 50 wt%. By defining 106-photons emitted from point sources corresponding to 662, 778, 964, 1112, 1170, 1130 and 1407 keV energy levels, and the F4 tally used to estimate the cell average flux,
the values for mass attenuation coefficient and half-value layer (HVL) were calculated.
Results: The results show that PVA/WO3 composite can be considered to shield X and γ-rays in the mentioned energies. However, nano-WO3 has a better ability to shield in comparison with the micro-WO3 fillers. The differences in attenuation changed at different energy levels, ascribed to the dominance of pair production occurrence and photon interactions in the composite, which was in good agreement with previous studies.
Conclusion: Our finding showed that the composite can be considered as a lead-free shielding material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazemi F
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Malekie S
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosseini M A
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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39
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Gamma ray attenuation of hafnium dioxide- and tungsten trioxide-epoxy resin composites. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Study of electrospun PVA-based concentrations nanofibre filled with Bi2O3 or WO3 as potential x-ray shielding material. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Lead oxide-decorated graphene oxide/epoxy composite towards X-Ray radiation shielding. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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42
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Mahmoud ME, El-Khatib AM, Badawi MS, Rashad AR, El-Sharkawy RM, Thabet AA. Fabrication, characterization and gamma rays shielding properties of nano and micro lead oxide-dispersed-high density polyethylene composites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Mesbahi A, Ghiasi H. Shielding properties of the ordinary concrete loaded with micro- and nano-particles against neutron and gamma radiations. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 136:27-31. [PMID: 29455112 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The shielding properties of ordinary concrete doped with some micro and nano scaled materials were studied in the current study. Narrow beam geometry was simulated using MCNPX Monte Carlo code and the mass attenuation coefficient of ordinary concrete doped with PbO2, Fe2O3, WO3 and H4B (Boronium) in both nano and micro scales was calculated for photon and neutron beams. Mono-energetic beams of neutrons (100-3000 keV) and photons (142-1250 keV) were used for calculations. The concrete doped with nano-sized particles showed higher neutron removal cross section (7%) and photon attenuation coefficient (8%) relative to micro-particles. Application of nano-sized material in the composition of new concretes for dual protection against neutrons and photons are recommended. For further studies, the calculation of attenuation coefficients of these nano-concretes against higher energies of neutrons and photons and different particles are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Mesbahi
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Imam Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Medical Physics Department, Medical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hosein Ghiasi
- Medical Radiation Sciences Research Team, Imam Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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44
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Malekie S, Hajiloo N. Comparative Study of Micro and Nano Size WO 3/E44 Epoxy Composite as Gamma Radiation Shielding Using MCNP and Experiment. CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS 2017; 34:108102. [DOI: 10.1088/0256-307x/34/10/108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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45
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Effects of micro-sized and nano-sized WO 3 on mass attenauation coefficients of concrete by using MCNPX code. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 121:122-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Belgin EE, Aycik GA. Effect of particle size of mineral fillers on polymer-matrix composite shielding materials against ionizing electromagnetic radiation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-5156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Bismuth sulfide nanoflowers for detection of X-rays in the mammographic energy range. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9440. [PMID: 25801531 PMCID: PMC4371100 DOI: 10.1038/srep09440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of diagnostic x-rays, especially in the field of medical radiology, has necessitated a significant demand for high resolution, real-time radiation detectors. In this regard, the photoresponse of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3), an n-type semiconducting metal chalcogenide, to low energy x-rays has been investigated in this study. In recent years, several types of nanomaterials of Bi2S3 have been widely studied for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. However, photoresponse of Bi2S3 nanomaterials for dosimetric applications has not yet been reported. The photosensitivity of Bi2S3 with nanoscale "flower-like" structures was characterized under x-ray tube-potentials typically used in mammographic procedures. Both dark current and photocurrent were measured under varying x-ray doses, field sizes, and bias voltages for each of the tube potentials - 20, 23, 26 and 30 kV. Results show that the Bi2S3 nanoflowers instantaneously responded to even minor changes in the dose delivered. The photoresponse was found to be relatively high (few nA) at bias voltage as low as +1 V, and fairly repeatable for both short and long exposures to mammographic x-rays with minimal or no loss in sensitivity. The overall dose-sensitivity of the Bi2S3 nanoflowers was found to be similar to that of a micro-ionization chamber.
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48
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Azman NZN, Siddiqui SA, Low IM. Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4952-7. [PMID: 24094209 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Characteristics of X-ray transmissions were investigated for epoxy composites filled with 2-10 vol% WO3 loadings using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at 10-40 keV. The results obtained were used to determine the equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of mammography and radiology machines. The results confirmed the superior attenuation ability of nano-sized WO3-epoxy composites in the energy range of 10-25 keV when compared to their micro-sized counterparts. However, at higher synchrotron radiation energies (i.e., 30-40 keV), the X-ray transmission characteristics were similar with no apparent size effect for both nano-sized and micro-sized WO3-epoxy composites. The equivalent X-ray energies for the operating X-ray tube voltages of the mammography unit (25-49 kV) were in the range of 15-25 keV. Similarly, for a radiology unit operating at 40-60 kV, the equivalent energy range was 25-40 keV, and for operating voltages greater than 60 kV (i.e., 70-100 kV), the equivalent energy was in excess of 40 keV. The mechanical properties of epoxy composites increased initially with an increase in the filler loading but a further increase in the WO3 loading resulted in deterioration of flexural strength, modulus and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Z Noor Azman
- Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia; School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Noor Azman NZ, Siddiqui SA, Haroosh HJ, Albetran HMM, Johannessen B, Dong Y, Low IM. Characteristics of X-ray attenuation in electrospun bismuth oxide/polylactic acid nanofibre mats. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:741-748. [PMID: 23955038 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513017871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the X-ray attenuation in electrospun nano(n)- and micro(m)-Bi2O3/polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibre mats with different Bi2O3 loadings were compared as a function of energy using mammography (i.e. tube voltages of 22-49 kV) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) (7-20 keV). Results indicate that X-ray attenuation by electrospun n-Bi2O3/PLA nanofibre mats is distinctly higher than that of m-Bi2O3/PLA nanofibre mats at all energies investigated. In addition, with increasing filler loading (n-Bi2O3 or m-Bi2O3), the porosity of the nanofibre mats decreased, thus increasing the X-ray attenuation, except for the sample containing 38 wt% Bi2O3 (the highest loading in the present study). The latter showed higher porosity, with some beads formed, thus resulting in a sudden decrease in the X-ray attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Z Noor Azman
- Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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