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Gupta A, Lee MS, Kim JH, Lee DS, Lee JS. Preclinical Voxel-Based Dosimetry in Theranostics: a Review. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 54:86-97. [PMID: 32377260 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-020-00640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing use of preclinical targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) studies for the development of novel theranostic agents, several studies have been performed to accurately estimate absorbed doses to mice at the voxel level using reference mouse phantoms and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Accurate dosimetry is important in preclinical theranostics to interpret radiobiological dose-response relationships and to translate results for clinical use. Direct MC (DMC) simulation is believed to produce more realistic voxel-level dose distribution with high precision because tissue heterogeneities and nonuniform source distributions in patients or animals are considered. Although MC simulation is considered to be an accurate method for voxel-based absorbed dose calculations, it is time-consuming, computationally demanding, and often impractical in daily practice. In this review, we focus on the current status of voxel-based dosimetry methods applied in preclinical theranostics and discuss the need for accurate and fast voxel-based dosimetry methods for pretherapy absorbed dose calculations to optimize the dose computation time in preclinical TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Gupta
- 1Department of Radiology & Imaging, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Min Sun Lee
- 2Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Joong Hyun Kim
- 3Center for Ionizing Radiation, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea.,5Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,6Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Frisch K, Kjærgaard K, Horsager J, Schacht AC, Munk OL. Human biodistribution, dosimetry, radiosynthesis and quality control of the bile acid PET tracer [N-methyl- 11C]cholylsarcosine. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 72-73:55-61. [PMID: 31330413 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION [N-methyl-11C]cholylsarcosine ([11C]CSar) is a tracer for imaging and quantitative assessment of intrahepatic cholestatic liver diseases and drug-induced cholestasis by positron emission tomography (PET). The purpose of this study is to determine whole-body biodistribution and dosimetry of [11C]CSar in healthy humans. The results are compared with findings in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and a patient with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) as well as with preclinical findings in pigs. Radiosynthesis and quality control for preparation of [11C]CSar for clinical use are also presented. METHODS Radiosynthesis and quality control of [11C]CSar were set up in compliance with Danish/European regulations. Both healthy participants (3 females, 3 males) and patients underwent whole-body PET/CT to determine the biodistribution of [11C]CSar. The two patients were under treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid at the time of the study. Dosimetry was estimated from the PET data using the Olinda 2.0 software. RESULTS The radiosynthesis provided [11C]CSar in a solution ready for injection. The biodistribution studies revealed that gallbladder wall, small intestine, and liver were critical organs in both healthy participants and patients with the gallbladder wall receiving the highest dose (up to 0.5 mGy/MBq). The gender-averaged (±SD) effective dose for the healthy participants was 6.2 ± 1.4 μSv/MBq. The effective dose for the PSC and the PBC patient was 5.2 and 7.0 μSv/MBq, respectively. CONCLUSION A radiosynthesis for preparation of [11C]CSar for clinical use was developed and approved by the Danish Medicines Agency. The most critical organ was the gallbladder wall although the amount of [11C]CSar in the gallbladder was found to vary significantly between individuals. The estimated effective dose for humans was comparable to that estimated in anesthetized pigs although the absorbed dose estimates to some organs, such as the stomach, was different. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: [11C]CSar PET/CT enables detailed quantitative assessment of patients with cholestatic liver disease by tracing the separate hepatobiliary transport steps of endogenous bile acids. The present work offers a radiosynthetic method and dosimetry data suitable for clinical implementation of [11C]CSar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Frisch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Kjærgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Horsager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna Christina Schacht
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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LaBonia GJ, Ludwig KR, Mousseau CB, Hummon AB. iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomic Profiling and MALDI-MSI of Colon Cancer Spheroids Treated with Combination Chemotherapies in a 3D Printed Fluidic Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1423-1430. [PMID: 29227110 PMCID: PMC5820028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer there are limited clinical options aside from chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the development of new chemotherapeutics is a long and costly process. New methods are needed to identify promising drug candidates earlier in the drug development process. Most chemotherapies are administered to patients in combinations. Here, an in vitro platform is used to assess the penetration and metabolism of combination chemotherapies in three-dimensional colon cancer cell cultures, or spheroids. Colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells were cultured and grown into three-dimensional cell culture spheroids. These spheroids were then dosed with a common combination chemotherapy, FOLFIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan) in a 3D printed fluidic device. This fluidic device allows for the dynamic treatment of spheroids across a semipermeable membrane. Following dosing, the spheroids were harvested for quantitative proteomic profiling to examine the effects of the combination chemotherapy on the colon cancer cells. Spheroids were also imaged to assess the spatial distribution of administered chemotherapeutics and metabolites with MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry. Following treatment, we observed penetration of folinic acid to the core of spheroids and metabolism of the drug in the outer proliferating region of the spheroid. Proteomic changes identified included an enrichment of several cancer-associated pathways. This innovative dosing device, along with the proteomic evaluation with iTRAQ-MS/MS, provides a robust platform that could have a transformative impact on the preclinical evaluation of drug candidates. This system is a high-throughput and cost-effective approach to examine novel drugs and drug combinations prior to animal testing.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Culture Techniques/methods
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/instrumentation
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods
- Equipment Design
- HCT116 Cells
- High-Throughput Screening Assays/instrumentation
- High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods
- Humans
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/methods
- Printing, Three-Dimensional
- Proteomics/instrumentation
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. LaBonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - C. Bruce Mousseau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Rasheed R, Tariq S, Naqvi SAR, Gillani SJH, Rizvi FA, Sajid M, Rasheed S. (177) Lu-5-Fluorouracil a potential theranostic radiopharmaceutical: radiosynthesis, quality control, biodistribution, and scintigraphy. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:398-403. [PMID: 27444959 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop (177) Lu-5-Flourouracil as a potential cancer therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) is widely accepted as an anticancer drug of broad spectrum fame. The labeling of 5-FU was carried out at different set of experimental conditions using high specific activity of (177) LuCl3 . The optimum conditions for maximum radiochemical yield was set: 5-FU (5 mg), (177) LuCl3 (185 MBq), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (10 µg), reaction volume (2 mL), pH (5.5), temperature (80°C), and reaction time (20 min). The radiochemical labeling was assessed with Whatman No. 2 paper, instant thin layer chromatographic, and radio-HPLC, which revealed >94% labeling results with sufficient stability up to 6 h. Serum stability study also showed (177) Lu-5-FU promising stability. Biodistribution study in normal rats and rabbits showed liver, stomach, kidney, and heart as area of increased tracer accumulation just after injection, which decreased to 1.4%, 0.4%, 0.2%, and 0.39% ID/g, respectively, after 72 h. Glomerular filtration rate and cytotoxicity study results of (177) Lu-5-FU showed it had no adverse effect on renal function and nontoxic to blood cells. The promising characteristics of (177) Lu-5-FU, that is, clever elimination from kidney and nontoxic nature toward blood cells make it the radiopharmaceutical for further testing in patients for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Rasheed
- Institute of Nuclear Oncology and Radiology (INOR), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Faheem Askari Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Rasheed
- Institute of Nuclear Oncology and Radiology (INOR), Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Hoover AJ, Lazari M, Ren H, Narayanam MK, Murphy JM, van Dam RM, Hooker JM, Ritter T. A Transmetalation Reaction Enables the Synthesis of [ 18F]5-Fluorouracil from [ 18F]Fluoride for Human PET Imaging. Organometallics 2016; 35:1008-1014. [PMID: 27087736 PMCID: PMC4829938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Translation of new 18F-fluorination reactions to produce radiotracers for human positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is rare because the chemistry must have useful scope and the process for 18F-labeled tracer production must be robust and simple to execute. The application of transition metal mediators has enabled impactful 18F-fluorination methods, but to date none of these reactions have been applied to produce a human-injectable PET tracer. In this article we present chemistry and process innovations that culminate in the first production from [18F]fluoride of human doses of [18F]5-fluorouracil, a PET tracer for cancer imaging in humans. The first preparation of nickel σ-aryl complexes by transmetalation from arylboronic acids or esters was developed and enabled the synthesis of the [18F]5-fluorouracil precursor. Routine production of >10 mCi doses of [18F]5-fluorouracil was accomplished with a new instrument for azeotrope-free [18F]fluoride concentration in a process that leverages the tolerance of water in nickel-mediated 18F-fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoover
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mark Lazari
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Maruthi Kumar Narayanam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jennifer M Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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