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Cao Y, Qian Y, Ren H, Yin L, Xie Y, Ji Y. Determination of carbon-14 in marine biota using oxidation combustion and gel suspension liquid scintillation counting. Food Chem 2024; 437:137914. [PMID: 37956594 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a new analytical method for determination of 14C in marine biota utilizing oxidation combustion separation combined with CaCO3 suspension of precipitates for liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The main factors affecting the oxidation combustion efficiency of tube combustion furnace and the counting efficiency of the LSC were systematically investigated and optimized. Under the optimal combustion conditions, the combustion recovery of carbon ranged from 85.6 % to 92.4 % for five marine samples. And the method achieved a detection limit of 0.13 Bq/g for 14C and repeatability of 3.9-9.1 %. The analytical turnover time was 6 h, and up to six samples could be processed simultaneously. Assessment of uncertainty components showed that the uncertainty in counting was the largest contributor, followed by combustion recovery and counting efficiency. The developed method enables reliable measurement of 14C in marine biota, providing valuable analytical tool for risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangliang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuhan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yanqin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China.
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High-temperature catalytic oxidation preparation and liquid scintillation counting determination of the carbon-14 in liquid effluent samples from nuclear power plants. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Cha W, Park TH, Park JH. Progress of energy-related radiochemistry and radionuclide production in the Republic of Korea. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The field of radiochemistry in the Republic of Korea has expanded greatly over the last three decades to meet the rapid growth of technological demands in various areas such as nuclear energy and nuclear technologies for human health and environmental protection. Major research activities, which were initially centered at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), have gradually spread to major universities and the commercial sector. In this review, progress and recent research trends in nuclear and radiochemistry in Korea are summarized. The main research outcomes achieved by KAERI scientists are highlighted, with emphasis on basic actinide chemistry in nuclear fuel cycles, the radioanalytical chemistry of various radionuclides from radioactive waste and the environment, and medical radionuclide production. In addition, recent efforts to promote radiochemical education and future perspectives are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansik Cha
- Nuclear Chemistry Research Laboratory , Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34057 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hong Park
- Radioactive Waste Chemical Analysis Center , Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34057 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Accelerator Radioisotope Development Laboratory , Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , 989-111 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34057 , Republic of Korea
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Yan L, Ge X, Xiong Q, Chen F, Liang J, Zhang Z, Yang S. Uncertainty evaluation for determination of 14C in urine samples by wet oxidation method. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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5
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A wet-oxidation procedure of radioactive waste resin and waste concentrated liquid for 3H and 14C analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Ahn HJ, Kim TJ, Park SB, Baik MH, Choi YK, Park JM, Lee BK. Tritium Distribution in the Low-Level and Intermediate-Level Wastes of a Korean CANDU Reactor. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2020.1729296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Ahn
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-330, Korea
| | - T. J. Kim
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-330, Korea
| | - S. B. Park
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-330, Korea
| | - M. H. Baik
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 105, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-330, Korea
| | - Y. K. Choi
- Sun Kwang T&S Company, Ltd., Sunkyung Officetel 20F, #3, Gongwon-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - J. M. Park
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Company, Ltd., 1655, Bulguk-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea 38120
| | - B. K. Lee
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Company, Ltd., 1655, Bulguk-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea 38120
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Chen Q, Chen C, Zhuo W. MEASUREMENT OF AMBIENT CARBON-14 BY USING THE GEL SUSPENSION COUNTING METHOD. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 184:405-408. [PMID: 31038708 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For monitoring the ambient 14C, the CaCO3 suspension counting method was established in this work. In the preparation of CaCO3 powder, a two-stage sampler with 3 mol L-1 NaOH absorbent was designed to collect the ambient CO2 at a sampling flow rate of 1 L min-1, and then the CaCO3 was precipitated by adding saturated CaCl2 solution. By using 2 g of CaCO3 powder, 4 mL double-distilled water and 14 mL scintillation cocktail, the lower limit detection could reach 20.0 mBq m-3 by using a commercially available low background liquid scintillation counter. Co-comparison experiments showed that the activity concentration of 14C measured by the gel suspension counting method consisted well with the results of other three methods. It indicates that the CaCO3 suspension counting method is also a practical method for routine monitoring of ambient 14C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Lab of Nucl. Phys. & Ion-Beam Appl. (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Lab on Radiation Monitoring (MEE), Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Lab of Nucl. Phys. & Ion-Beam Appl. (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Zhuo
- Key Lab of Nucl. Phys. & Ion-Beam Appl. (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Arun B, Vijayalakshmi I, Ramani Y, Viswanathan S, Jose MT, Baskaran R, Venkatraman B. Optimization of 14C LSC measurement using CO2 absorption technique. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) is the most commonly used technique for quantification of 14C in the environmental samples. An optimization study was carried out for the analysis of 14C with the direct carbon dioxide absorption method using LSC. The absorption capacity of CO2 in varying amounts of CO2 absorber Carbo-Sorb E to Permafluor scintillation cocktail volumes is found to be 5.33 ± 0.053 mmol/mL of Carbo-Sorb E. The optimum volume ratio of Carbo-Sorb E to Permafluor scintillation cocktail is found to be 1:1 based on the minimum detection activity (MDA) values. The effect of CO2 loading in the optimized absorption mixture shows that with an increasing CO2 amount (up to saturation) there is an increase in tSIE values which is due to an increase of Compton scattering effect in the CO2 loaded samples. The region of interest (ROI) for 14C measurement is found to be 10–96 keV based on the figure of merit values and the efficiency for detecting 14C is 83.45 % in the optimized ROI window.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Arun
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
| | - I. Vijayalakshmi
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
| | - Yuvaraj Ramani
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
| | - S. Viswanathan
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
| | - M. T. Jose
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India , Tel.: +91 44 27480352, Fax: +91 44 27480235
| | - R. Baskaran
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
| | - B. Venkatraman
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research , Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu , India
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Boylan AA, Stewart DI, Graham JT, Burke IT. Behaviour of carbon-14 containing low molecular weight organic compounds in contaminated groundwater under aerobic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:279-288. [PMID: 29990775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Short chain carbon-14 (14C) containing organic compounds can be formed by abiotic oxidation of carbides and impurities within nuclear fuel cladding. During fuel reprocessing and subsequent waste storage there is potential for these organic compounds to enter shallow subsurface environments due to accidental discharges. Currently there is little data on the persistence of these compounds in such environments. Four 14C-labelled compounds (acetate; formate; formaldehyde and methanol) were added to aerobic microcosm experiments that contained glacial outwash sediments and groundwater simulant representative of the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site, UK. Two concentrations of each electron donor were used, low concentration (10-5 M) to replicate predicted concentrations from an accidental release and high concentration (10-2 M) to study the impact of the individual electron donor on the indigenous microbial community in the sediment. In the low concentration system only ∼5% of initial 14C remained in solution at the end of experiments in contact with atmosphere (250-350 h). The production of 14CO2(g) (measured after 48 h) suggests microbially mediated breakdown is the primary removal mechanism for these organic compounds, although methanol loss may have been partially by volatilisation. Highest retention of 14C by the solid fractions was found in the acetate experiment, with 12% being associated with the inorganic fraction, suggesting modest precipitation as solid carbonate. In the high concentration systems only ∼5% of initial 14C remains in solution at the end of the experiments for acetate, formate and methanol. In the formaldehyde experiment only limited loss from solution was observed (76% remained in solution). The microbial populations of unaltered sediment and those in the low concentration experiments were broadly similar, with highly diverse bacterial phyla present. Under high concentrations of the organic compounds the abundance of common operational taxonomic units was reduced by 66% and the community structure was dominated by Proteobacteria (particularly Betaproteobacteria) signifying a shift in community structure in response to the electron donor available. The results of this study suggest that many bacterial phyla that are ubiquitous in near surface soils are able to utilise a range of 14C-containing low molecular weight organic substances very rapidly, and thus such substances are unlikely to persist in aerobic shallow subsurface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn A Boylan
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Douglas I Stewart
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James T Graham
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria, CA20 1PG, UK
| | - Ian T Burke
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Application of an experimental design to optimize a segregation method of 129I and 14C. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang YJ, Guo GY, Wu LS, Zhang B, Chen CF, Zhang HY, Qin HJ, Shang-Guan ZH. An analytical method for 14C in environmental water based on a wet-oxidation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 142:1-8. [PMID: 25590997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for (14)C in environmental water based on a wet-oxidation process was developed. The method can be used to determine the activity concentrations of organic and inorganic (14)C in environmental water, or total (14)C, including in drinking water, surface water, rainwater and seawater. The wet-oxidation of the organic component allows the conversion of organic carbon to an inorganic form, and the extraction of the inorganic (14)C can be achieved by acidification and nitrogen purging. Environmental water with a volume of 20 L can be used for the wet-oxidation and extraction, and a detection limit of about 0.02 Bq/g(C) can be achieved for water with carbon content above 15 mg(C)/L, obviously lower than the natural level of (14)C in the environment. The collected carbon is sufficient for measurement with a low level liquid scintillation counter (LSC) for typical samples. Extraction or recovery experiments for inorganic carbon and organic carbon from typical materials, including analytical reagents of organic benzoquinone, sucrose, glutamic acid, nicotinic acid, humic acid, ethane diol, et cetera., were conducted with excellent results based on measurement on a total organic carbon analyzer and LSC. The recovery rate for inorganic carbon ranged tween 98.7%-99.0% with a mean of 98.9(± 0.1)%, for organic carbon recovery ranged between 93.8% and 100.0% with a mean of 97.1(± 2.6)%. Verification and an uncertainty budget of the method are also presented for a representative environmental water. The method is appropriate for (14)C analysis in environmental water, and can be applied also to the analysis of liquid effluent from nuclear facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Huang
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China.
| | - Gui-Yin Guo
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China.
| | - Lian-Sheng Wu
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China
| | - Chao-Feng Chen
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China
| | - Hong-Juan Qin
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Shang-Guan
- Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, China General Nuclear Power Group, Suzhou 215004, PR China
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