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Schmidt CE, Groveman S, Sanders VA, Cutler CS, Shusterman JA, Deri MA. Development of a SnO 2-based 44Ti/ 44Sc generator for medical applications. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1732:465245. [PMID: 39137585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Towards application of 44Sc for diagnostic nuclear medicine, a 44Ti/44Sc generator based on an inorganic resin has been evaluated. Unlike other radionuclide generators used for medical applications, the long-term retention of the parent 44Ti is vital due to its long half life. Herein, tin dioxide (SnO2), a robust inorganic-based resin, has been synthesized and used as the stationary phase for a 44Ti/44Sc generator. The sorption behavior of 44Ti/44Sc was tested on SnO2 with varying acids, concentrations, and times. Preliminary batch study results showed >88 % 44Ti retention to the resin at lower acid concentrations (0.05 M HNO3 and 0.05 M HCl). A pilot generator was evaluated for a year, demonstrating 85.3 ± 2.8 % 44Sc elution yields and 0.71 ± 0.14 % 44Ti breakthrough in 5 M HNO3. Based on capacity studies, a 7.4 MBq (200 µCi) upscaled generator system was constructed for further evaluation of the SnO2 resin stability and the efficacy of the eluted 44Sc for radiolabeling. 44Sc could be regularly eluted from this generator in 5 M HNO3 with an overall average radiochemical yield 84.7 ± 9.5 %. Post-elution processing of the 44Sc with DGA-normal resin removed all 44Ti present and allowed for high 44Sc-DOTA labeling yields of 94.2 ± 0.5 %. Overall, SnO2 has been shown to be a viable material for a 44Ti/44Sc generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Schmidt
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, CUNY, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Sam Groveman
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Medgar Evers College, CUNY, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Vanessa A Sanders
- Isotope Research and Production Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Cathy S Cutler
- Isotope Research and Production Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jennifer A Shusterman
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA; Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Melissa A Deri
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, CUNY, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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Production of medical isotope 68Ge based on a novel chromatography separation technique and assembling of 68Ge/ 68Ga generator. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110599. [PMID: 36476417 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A double-column chromatography separation technique was involved for isolation of 68Ge from a bombarded Ga-Ni alloy target. About 185 MBq 68Ge obtained was used for assembling SnO2-based 68Ge/68Ga generator. Approximately 70% of 68Ga in high radioactivity concentration was eluted from generator with excellent radionuclidic, radiochemical and chemical purity. 68Ga was quite adequate for radiolabeling with DOTATATE or PSMA-617 with a high labelling efficiency of >92%. The double-column chromatography technique possessed a potential application prospect of 68Ge/68Ga production, aiding the development of 68Ga in nuclear medicine.
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Development and Evaluation of User-Friendly Single Vial DOTA-Peptide Kit Formulations, Specifically Designed for Radiolabelling with 68Ga from a Tin Dioxide 68Ge/68Ga Generator. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:817-824. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chattopadhyay S, Alam MN, Smita M, Kumar U, Das SS, Barua L. A simple method for preparation of pure 68 Ga-acetate precursor for formulation of radiopharmaceuticals: Physicochemical characteristics of the 68 Ga eluate of the SnO 2 based- 68 Ge/ 68 Ga column generator. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 60:62-68. [PMID: 27910132 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gallium-68 radioisotope is an excellent source in clinical positron emission tomography application due to its ease of availability from germanium-68 (68 Ge)/gallium-68 (68 Ga) generator having a shelf life of 1 year. In this paper, a modified method for purification of the primary eluate of 68 Ge-68 Ga generator by using a small cation exchange resin (Dowex-50) column has been described. The breakthrough of 68 Ge before and after purification of 68 Ga eluate was 0.014% and 0.00027%, respectively. The average recovery yield of 68 Ga after purification was 84% ± 8.6% (SD, n = 335). The results of the physiochemical studies confirmed that the 68 Ga-acetate obtained is suitable for labeling of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Chattopadhyay
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Md Neyar Alam
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhu Smita
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Saha Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Luna Barua
- Radiopharmaceuticals Lab, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
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Acid resistant zirconium phosphate for the long term application of 68Ge/68Ga generator system. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 118:343-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Washiyama K, Amano R, Nozaki T, Ogawa K, Nagatsu K, Sakama M, Ido T, Yamaguchi H. [Manufacture and Utilization of a Low-level Radioactive 68Ge/68Ga Generator in a Radiochemistry Laboratory Course]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2015; 71:983-93. [PMID: 26490232 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2015_jsrt_71.10.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The low-level radioactivity of a (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator is a suitable tool for measuring radioactive growth and decay after (68)Ga milking due to their desirable nuclear decay properties, such as the EC decay of (68)Ge with no γ-ray emission andthe β(+) decay of (68)Ga with a weak γ-ray emission. To experience andund erstandrad ioactive equilibrium during a university laboratory course, we surveyedandtestedthe production of a small amount of (68)Ge and set up educational programs to manufacture a (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator for measuring the growth andd ecay of (68)Ga. The irradiation of natGa with 25 μA of a 30 MeV proton beam from a cyclotron for 4 h yields ca. 111 MBq of (68)Ge, which was sufficient to supply to several universities. For use as the adsorbent of the generator column, particles of hydrated tin (VI) oxide were prepared from precipitated tin hydroxide gel. Repeated elution of (68)Ga from the handmade (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator gave constant amounts of (68)Ga with acceptable breakthrough of (68)Ge. The feedback from the student's experience with the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator was evaluatedby annual questionnaire surveys, which were given to all students taking the course every year from 2012 to 2014. It has been made clear that more than half of the students were interested in the (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator program, andthis interest increasedfrom 54.9%in 2012 to 78.6%in 2014. A low-level radioactive (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator is thus expectedto be a suitable experimental tool for demonstrating the phenomenon of radioactivity to students in an intriguing way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohshin Washiyama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
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Velikyan I. 68Ga-Based radiopharmaceuticals: production and application relationship. Molecules 2015; 20:12913-43. [PMID: 26193247 PMCID: PMC6332429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of 68Ga to the promotion and expansion of clinical research and routine positron emission tomography (PET) for earlier better diagnostics and individualized medicine is considerable. The potential applications of 68Ga-comprising imaging agents include targeted, pre-targeted and non-targeted imaging. This review discusses the key aspects of the production of 68Ga and 68Ga-based radiopharmaceuticals in the light of the impact of regulatory requirements and endpoint pre-clinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Section of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
- PET Center, Center for Medical Imaging, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden .
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Velikyan I. Continued rapid growth in68Ga applications: update 2013 to June 2014. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:99-121. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Velikyan
- Preclinical PET Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Uppsala University; SE-75183 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science; Uppsala University; SE-75285 Uppsala Sweden
- PET-Centre, Centre for Medical Imaging; Uppsala University Hospital; SE-75185 Uppsala Sweden
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Dash A, Chakravarty R. Pivotal role of separation chemistry in the development of radionuclide generators to meet clinical demands. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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