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Charles A, Khosrashahi FN, Ma L, Munindradasa C, Hoerres R, Lydon JD, Kelley SP, Guthrie J, Rotsch D, Medvedev D, Cutler CS, Li Y, Wilbur DS, Hennkens HM, Jurisson SS. Evaluation of 186WS 2 target material for production of high specific activity 186Re via proton irradiation: separation, radiolabeling and recovery/recycling. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Enriched tungsten disulfide (186WS2) was evaluated at increasing proton beam currents (20–50 μA) and times (up to 4 h) on a GE PETtrace cyclotron for production of high specific activity (HSA) 186Re. The HSA 186Re was separated from the irradiated target as [186Re][ReO4]– by a liquid–liquid extraction method and radiolabeled with a new N2S2 ligand (222-MAMA-N-ethylpropionate). The enriched 186W was recovered from the extraction process, analyzed for purity and enrichment, and converted back to the disulfide (186WS2). The results demonstrate that the 186WS2 is an easily pressed target material that can withstand relatively high currents and can be readily recovered and recycled. The 186Re produced was isolated in high specific activity and readily formed the radiotracers [186Re][ReO(222-MAMA-N-ethylpropionate)] and [186Re][Re(CO)3(OH2)3] +.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anster Charles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | | | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | | | - Rebecca Hoerres
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - John D. Lydon
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
| | - James Guthrie
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) , Columbia , MO , USA
| | | | - Dmitri Medvedev
- Collider Accelerator Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , NY , USA
| | - Cathy S. Cutler
- Collider Accelerator Department , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , NY , USA
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - D. Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Heather M. Hennkens
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO , USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR) , Columbia , MO , USA
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2
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Melis DR, Burgoyne AR, Ooms M, Gasser G. Bifunctional chelators for radiorhenium: past, present and future outlook. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:217-245. [PMID: 35434629 PMCID: PMC8942221 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is an ever-expanding field of nuclear medicine that provides a personalised approach to cancer treatment while limiting toxicity to normal tissues. It involves the radiolabelling of a biological targeting vector with an appropriate therapeutic radionuclide, often facilitated by the use of a bifunctional chelator (BFC) to stably link the two entities. The radioisotopes of rhenium, 186Re (t 1/2 = 90 h, 1.07 MeV β-, 137 keV γ (9%)) and 188Re (t 1/2 = 16.9 h, 2.12 MeV β-, 155 keV γ (15%)), are particularly attractive for radiotherapy because of their convenient and high-abundance β--particle emissions as well as their imageable γ-emissions and chemical similarity to technetium. As a transition metal element with multiple oxidation states and coordination numbers accessible for complexation, there is great opportunity available when it comes to developing novel BFCs for rhenium. The purpose of this review is to provide a recap on some of the past successes and failings, as well as show some more current efforts in the design of BFCs for 186/188Re. Future use of these radionuclides for radiotherapy depends on their cost-effective availability and this will also be discussed. Finally, bioconjugation strategies for radiolabelling biomolecules with 186/188Re will be touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Melis
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
| | - Andrew R Burgoyne
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Maarten Ooms
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
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Mausolf EJ, Johnstone EV, Mayordomo N, Williams DL, Guan EYZ, Gary CK. Fusion-Based Neutron Generator Production of Tc-99m and Tc-101: A Prospective Avenue to Technetium Theranostics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090875. [PMID: 34577575 PMCID: PMC8467155 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented are the results of 99mTc and 101Tc production via neutron irradiation of natural isotopic molybdenum (Mo) with epithermal/resonance neutrons. Neutrons were produced using a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron generator with an output of 2 × 1010 n/s. The separation of Tc from an irradiated source of bulk, low-specific activity (LSA) Mo on activated carbon (AC) was demonstrated. The yields of 99mTc and 101Tc, together with their potential use in medical single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) procedures, have been evaluated from the perspective of commercial production, with a patient dose consisting of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of 99mTc. The number of neutron generators to meet the annual 40,000,000 world-wide procedures is estimated for each imaging modality: 99mTc versus 101Tc, D-D versus deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator system outputs, and whether or not natural molybdenum or enriched targets are used for production. The financial implications for neutron generator production of these isotopes is also presented. The use of 101Tc as a diagnostic, therapeutic, and/or theranostic isotope for use in medical applications is proposed and compared to known commercial nuclear diagnostic and therapeutic isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik V. Johnstone
- Innovative Fuel Solutions LLC, North Las Vegas, NV 89031, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Mayordomo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - David L. Williams
- Adelphi Technology, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (D.L.W.); (E.Y.Z.G.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Eugene Yao Z. Guan
- Adelphi Technology, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (D.L.W.); (E.Y.Z.G.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Charles K. Gary
- Adelphi Technology, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA; (D.L.W.); (E.Y.Z.G.); (C.K.G.)
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Chotkowski M, Połomski D, Czerwinski K. Potential Application of Ionic Liquids for Electrodeposition of the Material Targets for Production of Diagnostic Radioisotopes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5069. [PMID: 33182812 PMCID: PMC7697952 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the reported electrochemistry studies on the chemistry of the element for targets for isotope production in ionic liquids (ILs) is provided. The majority of investigations have been dedicated to two aspects of the reactive element chemistry. The first part of this review presents description of the cyclotron targets properties, especially physicochemical characterization of irradiated elements. The second part is devoted to description of the electrodeposition procedures leading to obtain elements or their alloys coatings (e.g., nickel, uranium) as the targets for cyclotron and reactor generation of the radioisotopes. This review provides an evaluation of the role ILs can have in the production of isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Połomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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Khandaker MU, Nagatsu K, Minegishi K, Zhang MR, Jalilian AR, Bradley DA. Cyclotron production of no carrier added 186gRe radionuclide for theranostic applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109428. [PMID: 32979754 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
186gRe (T1/2 = 3.7183 d, E(β-)mean = 346.7 keV, I(β-)mean = 92.59%), a mixed beta and γ-emitter shows great potential for use in theranostic applications. The dominant 185Re(n,γ) route, via use of a nuclear reactor, provides 186gRe in carrier added form with low specific activity, while cyclotrons offer no carrier-added (NCA) high specific activity production of 186gRe. However, to be able to select the best possible nuclear reaction and to optimize the production route via the use of a cyclotron, information on the excitation function for the reaction of interest as well as for the competing reactions is necessary. Accordingly, we have conducted a detailed study of the excitation functions for natW(d, x) reactions in seeking optimized parameters for the NCA production of 186gRe. Noting a discrepancy among the experimental data, we made an evaluation of the available literature, finally selecting optimum parameters for the production of 186gRe via the 186W(d,2n)186Re reaction. These beam parameters were then used for batch production of 186gRe by irradiating an enriched 186W metallic powder target, followed by a subsequent automated chemical separation process. The preliminary results show 98.1% radionuclidic purity of 186gRe at 8 h subsequent to the End of Bombardment (EOB), offering the potential for use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia, & Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Amir R Jalilian
- Department of Nuclear Science and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), A- 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia, & Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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6
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Baumeister JE, Mitchell AW, Kelley SP, Barnes CL, Jurisson SS. Steric influence of salicylaldehyde-based Schiff base ligands on the formation of trans-[Re(PR 3) 2(Schiff base)] + complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12943-12955. [PMID: 31393493 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes of the type trans-[Re(PR3)2(Schiff base)]+ (R = ethyl and/or phenyl) 2-7 were prepared by the reaction of (nBu4N)[ReOCl4] with H2sal2en or H2sal2ibn followed by addition of a tertiary phosphine. The trans-[Re(PR3)2(sal2en)]+ complexes 2-4 were stable in solution, whereas the trans-[Re(PR3)2(sal2ibn)]+ complexes 6-7 were observed to convert to their corresponding cis-[ReO(PR3)(sal2ibn)]+ products through a process involving ligand dissociation, metal oxidation, and Schiff base ligand rearrangement. The conversion of the trans-[Re(PR3)2(sal2ibn)]+ complexes is likely driven by steric interactions between the bulky backbone gem-dimethyl groups of the sal2ibn ligand and the phosphine ligands. These complexes were isolated and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results reported herein provide insight into the factors that drive trans-[Re(PR3)2(Schiff base)]+ complex formation. This will aid in the development of novel 186/188Re therapeutic agents and the design of novel bifunctional N2O2 Schiff base ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Baumeister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Andrew W Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Charles L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Baumeister JE, Reinig KM, Barnes CL, Kelley SP, Jurisson SS. Technetium and Rhenium Schiff Base Compounds for Nuclear Medicine: Syntheses of Rhenium Analogues to 99mTc-Furifosmin. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12920-12933. [PMID: 30239194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium, the third-row congener of technetium, is often used to develop the macroscopic chemistry of potential 99mTc diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. The rhenium analogues to 99mTc-furifosmin are being developed for potential radiotherapy of multidrug-resistant tumors. Complexes of the form trans-[MIII(PR3)2(N2O2-Schiff base)]+ are of interest for the potential imaging and treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors. Reaction of the tetradentate Schiff ligand 4,4'-[(1 E,1' E)-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene)]bis(methanylylidene)]bis(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-ol) (tmf2enH2) with the M(V) starting materials ( nBu4N)[TcOCl4] and ( nBu4N)[ReOCl4] gave the monomeric products trans-[TcOCl(tmf2en)] and trans-[ReOCl(tmf2en)], respectively. Reduction of in situ formed trans-[ReOCl(tmf2en)] by various tertiary phosphines yielded disubstitued Re(III) products of the general type trans-[ReIII(PR3)2(tmf2en)]+. The rhenium(III) compounds were found to be water-soluble and stable in aqueous solution. Reversible ReIII/ReIV and ReIII/ReII redox processes were observed at about 0.8-0.9 and -0.65 to -0.8 V, respectively, for each of the rhenium(III) species. Reaction of in situ formed trans-TcOCl(tmf2en) with triethylphosphine yielded the reduced, disubstituted trans-[Tc(PEt3)2(tmf2en)]PF6. A reversible TcIII/TcII redox couple was observed for the technetium(III) species, about 200 mV less negative than their rhenium(III) analogues, in addition to an irreversible TcIII/TcIV process. All compounds were characterized using conventional spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Baumeister
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Kimberly M Reinig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Charles L Barnes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Steven P Kelley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Silvia S Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
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Balkin ER, Gagnon K, Dorman E, Emery R, Li Y, Wooten AL, Smith BE, Strong KT, Pauzauskie PJ, Fassbender ME, Cutler CS, Ketring AR, Jurisson SS, Wilbur DS. Scale-up of high specific activity 186gRe production using graphite-encased thick 186W targets and demonstration of an efficient target recycling process. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Production of high specific activity 186gRe is of interest for development of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies have shown that high specific activity 186gRe can be obtained by cyclotron irradiation of enriched 186W via the 186W(d,2n)186gRe reaction, but most irradiations were conducted at low beam currents and for short durations. In this investigation, enriched 186W metal targets were irradiated at high incident deuteron beam currents to demonstrate production rates and contaminants produced when using thick targets. Full-stopping thick targets, as determined using SRIM, were prepared by uniaxial pressing of powdered natural abundance W metal or 96.86% enriched 186W metal encased between two layers of graphite flakes for target material stabilization. An assessment of structural integrity was made on each target preparation. To assess the performance of graphite-encased thick 186W metal targets, along with the impact of encasing on the separation chemistry, targets were first irradiated using a 22 MeV deuteron beam for 10 min at 10, 20, and 27 μA, with an estimated nominal deuteron energy of 18.7 MeV on the 186W target material (after energy degradation correction from top graphite layer). Gamma-ray spectrometry was performed post EOB on all targets to assess production yields and radionuclidic byproducts. The investigation also evaluated a method to recover and recycle enriched target material from a column isolation procedure. Material composition analyses of target materials, pass-through/wash solutions and recycling process isolates were conducted with SEM, FTIR, XRD, EDS and ICP-MS spectrometry. To demonstrate scaled-up production, a graphite-encased 186W target made from recycled 186W was irradiated for ~2 h with 18.7 MeV deuterons at a beam current of 27 μA to provide 0.90 GBq (24.3 mCi) of 186gRe, decay-corrected to the end of bombardment. ICP-MS analysis of the isolated 186gRe solution provided data that indicated the specific activity of 186gRe in this scaled-up production run was 2.6±0.5 GBq/μg (70±10 Ci/mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R. Balkin
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Katherine Gagnon
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Eric Dorman
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Robert Emery
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - A. Lake Wooten
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Bennett E. Smith
- Chemistry Department , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Kevin T. Strong
- Materials Science and Engineering Department , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | - Peter J. Pauzauskie
- Materials Science and Engineering Department , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
| | | | - Cathy S. Cutler
- Medical Isotope Research and Production Program , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, NY 11973 , USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
| | - Alan R. Ketring
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center , Columbia, MO 65211 , USA
| | - Silvia S. Jurisson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri , Columbia , MO 65211, USA
| | - D. Scott Wilbur
- Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195 , USA
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Mastren T, Radchenko V, Bach HT, Balkin ER, Birnbaum ER, Brugh M, Engle JW, Gott MD, Guthrie J, Hennkens HM, John KD, Ketring AR, Kuchuk M, Maassen JR, Naranjo CM, Nortier FM, Phelps TE, Jurisson SS, Wilbur DS, Fassbender ME. Bulk production and evaluation of high specific activity 186gRe for cancer therapy using enriched 186WO3 targets in a proton beam. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 49:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Feng Y, Phelps TE, Carroll V, Gallazzi F, Sieckman G, Hoffman TJ, Barnes CL, Ketring AR, Hennkens HM, Jurisson SS. Chemistry and radiochemistry of As, Re and Rh isotopes relevant to radiopharmaceutical applications: high specific activity radionuclides for imaging and treatment. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:14677-14690. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02407j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in production, separation, target recovery, and chelation chemistry of high specific activity radionuclides will promote new theranostic agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Tim E. Phelps
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Fabio Gallazzi
- Structural Biology Core
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Gary Sieckman
- Research Division
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | | | - Alan R. Ketring
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR)
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Heather M. Hennkens
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR)
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
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