Investigation of K X-ray intensity ratios of some 4d transition metals depending on the temperature

Examining alloying effect on K X ray intensity ratios and chemical shifts of the Zn, Mn and mixed spinel ferrites

K X-ray emission spectra of Zn, Mn and mixed (Zn-Mn, Zn- Co, Zn-Ni) spinel ferrites have been acquired by inducing 59.54 keV and 22.1 keV γ-rays emitted from 3 Ci ²⁴¹Am annular source and 40 mCi ¹⁰⁹Cd point source with a HPGe detector. Some vital parameters for XRF, Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) values, asymmetry index (A_s), peak energies and chemical shifts (ΔE), were defined depending on the alloying effect by working on the spectra. The obtained results exhibited that, compared to the pure states of the metals, chemical shifts aroused due to different crystal structure, valence electron structure, bond type and length in the spectrum of the alloy form. The difference of the electronegativity of the metals forming the ferrite obviously explained the change in the Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratios. It has been concluded that the charge transfer mechanism predominates mainly and altered the intensity ratios of the metal by affecting the rearrangement of the 3d electrons in the valence band.

Measurement of L X-ray production cross sections and relative intensities of some lanthanide compounds depending on the temperature

L X-ray intensity ratios for CeO2, Sm2(SO4)3, Ho2O3, and Yb2O3 compounds were experimentally investigated. The measurements were gauged following excitation by 59.54 keV γ-rays from a 100 mCi 241Am radioactive annular source at different temperatures in situ. Temperature change occurred between 50 °C and 400 °C. L X-ray emission spectra were obtained by using a solid-state Si(Li) X-ray detector. L X-ray production cross sections, intensity ratios, and full-width half maximum (FWHM) values for the compounds were determined by evaluating the emission spectra varying with the temperature. According to the results obtained, it was observed that L β1 X-rays were less influenced in comparison with Lα X-rays while Lα X-rays were also less influenced in comparison with Lβ 2 X-rays.