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Porrazzo A, Cipressa F, De Gregorio A, De Pittà C, Sales G, Ciapponi L, Morciano P, Esposito G, Tabocchini MA, Cenci G. Low dose rate γ-irradiation protects fruit fly chromosomes from double strand breaks and telomere fusions by reducing the esi-RNA biogenesis factor Loquacious. Commun Biol 2022; 5:905. [PMID: 36057690 PMCID: PMC9440893 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still continuously debated whether the low-dose/dose-rate (LDR) of ionizing radiation represents a hazard for humans. Model organisms, such as fruit flies, are considered valuable systems to reveal insights into this issue. We found that, in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster larval neuroblasts, the frequency of Chromosome Breaks (CBs), induced by acute γ-irradiation, is considerably reduced when flies are previously exposed to a protracted dose of 0.4 Gy delivered at a dose rate of 2.5 mGy/h. This indicates that this exposure, which is associated with an increased expression of DNA damage response proteins, induces a radioadaptive response (RAR) that protects Drosophila from extensive DNA damage. Interestingly, the same exposure reduces the frequency of telomere fusions (TFs) from Drosophila telomere capping mutants suggesting that the LDR can generally promote a protective response on chromatin sites that are recognized as DNA breaks. Deep RNA sequencing revealed that RAR is associated with a reduced expression of Loquacious D (Loqs-RD) gene that encodes a well-conserved dsRNA binding protein required for esiRNAs biogenesis. Remarkably, loss of Loqs mimics the LDR-mediated chromosome protection as it decreases the IR-induced CBs and TFs frequency. Thus, our molecular characterization of RAR identifies Loqs as a key factor in the cellular response to LDR and in the epigenetic routes involved in radioresistance. Chronic low y-radiation exposure to Drosophila cells decreases chromosome breaks induced by high-dose irradiation and telomere dysfunction by reducing the esiRNA biogenesis factor Loquacious D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Porrazzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cipressa
- Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.,Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - A De Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - C De Pittà
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G Sales
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L Ciapponi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - P Morciano
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100, Assergi, Italy
| | - G Esposito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanita' ISS, Rome, Italy.,INFN-Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - G Cenci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy. .,Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti/ Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.
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Tabocchini MA. A forty-year journey from "classical" biophysics and radiobiology to hadrontherapy, space radiation and low dose rate underground radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:383-394. [PMID: 34259611 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1948142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a biologist who, since the beginning of her involvement in science, has collaborated closely with physicists, I want to share my forty years of experience describing the events that introduced me to the world of charged particle radiation biology as well as that of low doses/dose rates, with related implications in medicine and radiation protection. CONCLUSION The main features of my experience can be summarized in the development of an interdisciplinary culture and in the interest in technological advances for the study of biological responses to radiation in different scenarios, relevant for public health. Mine was a journey that began by chance, but which led me to a world that proved to be of great interest to me. With the current advances in science, the new generations of scientists have new opportunities that I wish them to face with the same interest and enthusiasm that I felt for such an interdisciplinary field as that of radiation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Rome, Italy.,Formerly: Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Rome, Italy
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Li HL, Yu YH, Xiong GQ, Liao T, Zu XY. Cobalt-60 and electron beam irradiation-induced lipid oxidation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4612-4617. [PMID: 32418235 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irradiation can cause lipid oxidation of fish. This study aimed to examine the effect of radiation (method, dose and dose rate) on the acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content and fatty acid profile of fresh and freeze-dried largemouth bass flesh. RESULTS AV, PV and TBARS presented a dose-dependent increase in fish meat for both cobalt-60 (60 Co) and electron beam (EB) irradiation. With a 6 kGy dose of radiation, all measured indices in the 60 Co group were significantly higher than those in the EB group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). With a 3 kGy dose of radiation, AV, PV and TBARS in the 200 Gy min-1 dose rate group were significantly lower than those in the 2 and 80 Gy min-1 groups (P < 0.05). After 60 Co irradiation, AV, PV and TBARS in most fresh samples were significantly higher than those in freeze-dried samples (P < 0.01). And 60 Co irradiation decreased the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content in fresh samples and increased the UFA content in freeze-dried samples. Our study indicated that 60 Co irradiation, particularly at a low dose rate, accelerated lipid oxidation in fish meat. A large amount of muscle moisture enhances the amount of UFA loss in fish meat during 60 Co irradiation. CONCLUSIONS A low dose (3 kGy) of EB irradiation, a high dose rate (200 Gy min-1 ) of 60 Co irradiation or freeze-drying treatment can alleviate the lipid oxidation of largemouth bass meat. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Quan Xiong
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liao
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Morciano P, Cipressa F, Porrazzo A, Esposito G, Tabocchini MA, Cenci G. Fruit Flies Provide New Insights in Low-Radiation Background Biology at the INFN Underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS). Radiat Res 2018; 190:217-225. [PMID: 29863430 DOI: 10.1667/rr15083.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Deep underground laboratories (DULs) were originally created to host particle, astroparticle or nuclear physics experiments requiring a low-background environment with vastly reduced levels of cosmic-ray particle interference. More recently, the range of science projects requiring an underground experiment site has greatly expanded, thus leading to the recognition of DULs as truly multidisciplinary science sites that host important studies in several fields, including geology, geophysics, climate and environmental sciences, technology/instrumentation development and biology. So far, underground biology experiments are ongoing or planned in a few of the currently operating DULs. Among these DULs is the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), where the majority of radiobiological data have been collected. Here we provide a summary of the current scenario of DULs around the world, as well as the specific features of the LNGS and a summary of the results we obtained so far, together with other findings collected in different underground laboratories. In particular, we focus on the recent results from our studies of Drosophila melanogaster, which provide the first evidence of the influence of the radiation environment on life span, fertility and response to genotoxic stress at the organism level. Given the increasing interest in this field and the establishment of new projects, it is possible that in the near future more DULs will serve as sites of radiobiology experiments, thus providing further relevant biological information at extremely low-dose-rate radiation. Underground experiments can be nicely complemented with above-ground studies at increasing dose rate. A systematic study performed in different exposure scenarios provides a potential opportunity to address important radiation protection questions, such as the dose/dose-rate relationship for cancer and non-cancer risk, the possible existence of dose/dose-rate threshold(s) for different biological systems and/or end points and the possible role of radiation quality in triggering the biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Morciano
- a Dipartimento Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", SAPIENZA Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cipressa
- a Dipartimento Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", SAPIENZA Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,c Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Porrazzo
- a Dipartimento Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", SAPIENZA Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- b Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS) and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- b Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS) and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione Roma 1, Rome, Italy.,c Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- a Dipartimento Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", SAPIENZA Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,c Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
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Averbeck D, Salomaa S, Bouffler S, Ottolenghi A, Smyth V, Sabatier L. Progress in low dose health risk research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:46-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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