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Fast and Sensitive Radiochemical Method for Sr-90 Determination in Food and Feed by Chromatographic Extraction and Liquid Scintillation Counting. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStrontium-90 (Sr-90) contamination in food is a major public health issue. Several radiochemical methods are available for the determination of Sr-90. However, the application of these procedures is not focused on solid foods, but only on liquid (milk, water, etc.) and environmental matrices, and they were not fully validated. The aims of this work were to establish and validate a fast, sensitive method for the determination of Sr-90 in solid food matrices such as meat and dairy products, seafood, vegetables, and animal feed, using a specific resin for extraction and ultra-low-level liquid scintillation counting for detection. The method was optimised and validated according to relevant legislation. Good analytical performance was obtained, including high specificity and linearity together with low measurement uncertainty (13.1%). The minimal detectable activity was 11 mBq kg−1, and the mean repeatability (CV%) and recovery values were 10.7% and 100.1%, respectively. These parameters assured method applicability for official food safety controls. The method was applied to reference materials and submitted to proficiency test round to confirm its reliability for Sr-90 quantification in solid foodstuffs and feed. The newly established method may be broadly applicable to complex matrices.
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Alam MF, Furusho Y, Kavasi N, Sahoo SK, Pirnach L, Begum ZA, Nanba K, Rahman IMM. Effect of operating variables on the separation of radiostrontium from aqueous matrices with ion-selective solid-phase extraction systems. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462625. [PMID: 34695663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiostrontium (r-Sr: 90Sr) is one of the primary fission products in nuclear power plants and generates liquid radioactive waste when intermixed to the aqueous matrix. Therefore, separation or preconcentration of r-Sr from the aqueous matrices is necessary for environmental monitoring or nuclear forensics. The solid-phase extraction (SPE) approach is prevalently used for r-Sr isolation and to design matrix-specific methods, while generalized SPE-assisted operating protocols are not proposed by far. In the current work, four different SPEs, namely AnaLig Sr-01, Eichrom Sr, Triskem TK100, and Eichrom DGA, were evaluated for selective separation of Sr from aqueous matrices. Operating variables, e.g., solution acidity, washing solvent, eluent-type or volume, loading or elution flow-rate, were varied to optimize the SPEs performance. The objective was to ascertain the operating variables for maximum Sr-separation yield from aqueous environmental samples with the SPEs mentioned above. In addition, the Sr-separation efficiency of SPEs was evaluated by calculating the separation factor (SFSr/M) between Sr and interfering elements to r-Sr (M = Ca, Mg, Ba, or Y), and the Sr-retention capacity of the SPEs was determined. Finally, the optimized operating variables for the evaluated SPEs were used to construct protocols for r-Sr separation from aqueous matrices. Real 90Sr contaminated aqueous samples from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant cooling pond were treated by those protocols, and the results are validated comparing with the IAEA-recommended classical protocol. All the SPEs were able to isolate Sr at varying extents from matrices at the optimum conditions, even at much higher contents of interfering elements. Eichrom Sr or AnaLig Sr-01 showed better Sr-retention capability among the SPEs, while Triskem TK100 showed superiority over other SPEs regarding Sr-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferdous Alam
- Graduate School of Symbiotic System Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan; Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh.
| | - Yoshiaki Furusho
- GL Sciences Inc., 6-22-1 Nishi Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1130, Japan
| | - Norbert Kavasi
- Environmental Radionuclide Research Group, Department of Radioecology and Fukushima Project, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sarata Kumar Sahoo
- Environmental Radionuclide Research Group, Department of Radioecology and Fukushima Project, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lina Pirnach
- Department of Radiation Monitoring of the Environment, Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Prospekt Nauky 37, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Zinnat A Begum
- Department of Civil Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Arefin Nagar, Bayezid Bostami, Chattogram 4210, Bangladesh; Institute of Environmental Radioactivity Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Kenji Nanba
- Graduate School of Symbiotic System Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan; Institute of Environmental Radioactivity Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
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Iwata Y, Cheon D, Miyabe M, Hasegawa S. Development of an interference-filter-type external-cavity diode laser for resonance ionization spectroscopy of strontium. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:123002. [PMID: 31893863 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A frequency tunable external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) using a narrow bandwidth (∼0.3 nm) interference filter has been developed for resonance ionization spectroscopy of strontium (Sr) with high isotopic selectivity. Improved wavelength and single mode stabilities of this interference-filter-type ECDL (IF-ECDL) over a commonly used (also home-made) Littrow-type ECDL were theoretically expected and experimentally confirmed by both a wavelength meter and a home-made Fabry-Perot interferometer. The measured spectral profile of the dominant isotope 88Sr using our IF-ECDL in the 689.4 nm intercombination transition shows that the Lorentzian component (∼1.3 MHz) of the spectrum width is consistent with the obtained fringe width of the interferometer. High 90Sr isotopic selectivity of ∼104 with respect to 88Sr is expected in this transition, which indicates that even if the manufacturing accuracy is not comparable to commercial Littrow-type ECDLs, our compact IF-ECDL having sufficient wavelength stability is a promising laser source for background-free analysis of radioactive 90Sr in marine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Iwata
- Nuclear Professional School, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1188, Japan
| | - Donguk Cheon
- Nuclear Professional School, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1188, Japan
| | - Masabumi Miyabe
- Remote Analytical Technology Group, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Sciences, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hasegawa
- Nuclear Professional School, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata-Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1188, Japan
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Furukawa M, Takagi K, Matsunami H, Komatsuzaki Y, Kawakami T, Shinano T, Takagai Y. Rapid Quantification of Radioactive Strontium-90 in Fresh Foods via Online Solid-Phase Extraction-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Dynamic Reaction Cell-Mass Spectrometry and Its Comparative Evaluation with Conventional Radiometry. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11276-11284. [PMID: 31460230 PMCID: PMC6649156 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a rapid quantification method for radioactive strontium (90Sr) in fresh foods (perishable foods) and has been comparatively evaluated with the common classical radiometric quantification method. Inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry with online solid-phase extraction (cascade-ICP-MS) rapidly determines 90Sr in a pure water-based sample. Despite its advantages, its application to fresh foods (perishable foods) has not yet been reported; however, the analytical potential of this method for fresh foods must be evaluated. In this study, 90Sr was determined in 12 fresh foods via improved cascade-ICP-MS (Icas-ICP-MS). Addition and recovery tests were demonstrated using real samples of grape, apple, peach, Japanese pear, rice, buckwheat, soybean, spinach, shiitake mushroom, grass, sea squirt, and flounder. With a decomposed solution of Japanese pear, the measurement value coincided with the amount of spiked 90Sr. The reproducibility of the measurements was represented by relative standard deviations of 14.2 and 5.0% for spiked amounts of 20 and 200 Bq/kg, respectively (n = 10), and the recovery rates were 93.7 ± 7.1%. In this case, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.2 Bq/kg (=0.43 pg/kg). These results were compared with the data obtained using a common classical radiometric quantification method (nitrate precipitation-low background gas flow counter (LBC) method) in the same samples. Both the methods showed equivalent performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LODs but different analysis times. Icas-ICP-MS required ∼22 min for analysis, whereas the nitrate precipitation-LBC method required 20 days, confirming that Icas-ICP-MS is the suitable method for analyzing 90Sr in fresh foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Furukawa
- Faculty
of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- PerkinElmer
Japan Co., Ltd., 134
Godo, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-0005, Japan
- Faculty
of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, 1−1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takagi
- Fukushima
Research Station, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan
| | - Hisaya Matsunami
- Fukushima
Research Station, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan
| | | | | | - Takuro Shinano
- Fukushima
Research Station, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 50 Harajuku-minami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takagai
- Faculty
of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- Institute
of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima
University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- E-mail: (Y.T.)
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Swearingen KJ, Wall NA. Fast and accurate simultaneous quantification of strontium-90 and yttrium-90 using liquid scintillation counting in conjunction with the Bateman equation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grahek Ž, Dulanská S, Karanović G, Coha I, Tucaković I, Nodilo M, Mátel Ľ. Comparison of different methodologies for the 90Sr determination in environmental samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 181:18-31. [PMID: 29096150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes different isolation/separation and detection procedures for 90Sr determination in the environmental samples which are routinely used in Laboratories A and B. In this context, four different methods for strontium isolation and two methods for detection were tested and compared by 90Sr determination in proficiency test samples (water, soil, vegetation) and animal bone samples. The chromatographic isolation of Sr on Sr resin, AnaLig®Sr01 resin gel, strong base anion exchange resins in nitrate form and combination of strong base anion exchange and Sr resin were used for the examination of the impact of sample matrix constituents on efficiency of strontium isolation (chemical yield), while Cherenkov counting of 90Y and counting of 90Sr(90Y) on proportional counter were used for the quantitative 90Sr determination. The chemical yields obtained with different isolation methods were compared with the emphasis on its influence on reliability of the 90Sr determination in different kinds of samples. The results show that the efficiency of strontium isolation depends on type of sample and separation methodology. The strontium yield on Sr resin column decreases with the increase of Sr, Ca and Na concentration. In the presence of 1 g of Ca and 1 g of Na, the yield of 85% was obtained for 5 mg of Sr carrier and dropped below 50% with further increase of Sr and other elements. However, the yield can be increased to 75% if Na and part of Ca are separated from Sr on the anion exchange column with alcoholic solution of nitric acid and by final separation of Ca from Sr on the Sr resin column. In the presence of large amounts of Ca, Na and other elements, isolation efficiency on the Sr resin column significantly decreases in comparison with other methods. The average yield for isolation from vegetation samples on the Sr resin column is only 21%. For the soil samples the highest average yield (78%) is obtained for the isolation in the combination of anion exchange and Sr resin columns. For the isolation from bone samples the average yields over 80% are on AnaLig®Sr01 and anion exchange resins columns, while Sr resin was not used for separation due to high content of Ca in samples. The results of the 90Sr determination in proficiency testing (PT) samples show that the accuracy of the determination does not depend on high chemical yield but depends on accuracy of yield determination. The analysis of z-values shows that 96% of obtained z-values range from 0 to ±2 while 77% of z-values range between 0 and ± 1. Ninety percent of obtained results of 90Sr determination deviate less than 20% from assigned values in PT provider reports. The results of 90Sr determination in animal bone samples using different methods are in good agreement. The results obtained by Cherenkov counting in both laboratories vary from -3.1-14.5% while results obtained by determination via 90Y and counting on i-Matic vary between -10.0 and -2.9%. These deviations are in accordance with deviations obtained with PT samples. Activity concentrations of 90Sr in wild boar bone samples range from 4 to 30 Bq kg-1 while in deer bone samples from 2 to 8 Bq kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Grahek
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvia Dulanská
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gorana Karanović
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Coha
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tucaković
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Nodilo
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ľubomír Mátel
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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