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Ito K, Sato E, Moriyama H, Hagiwara O, Enomoto T, Yoshida S, Watanabe M. Fully digitalized triple-energy x-ray computed tomography with high spatial resolutions using beam hardening. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:083708. [PMID: 39140817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
To regulate the effective photon energy with a constant tube voltage and to perform enhanced K-edge x-ray imaging, we built a prototype fully digitalized triple-energy x-ray computed tomography (TECT) scanner utilizing beam hardening. An object on the turntable is irradiated by a 0.1-mm-focus x-ray tube at 1.4-time-magnification. 720 raw radiograms are obtained using a flat panel detector, and 512 tomograms are reconstructed. With an increasing digital amplification factor, the gray raw-density projections obtained using low-energy-photon absorption disappeared at a constant maximum raw density, and the effective energy was increased by x-ray beam hardening. TECT was performed at digital amplifier factors below 3.0, and the effective energy increased with increasing amplification factors. In particular, fine blood vessels were visible using gadolinium-K-edge CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
- Honorary of Physics, Iwate Medical University, 2-14-6 Kawaramachi, Wakabayashi, Sendai, Miyagi 984-0816, Japan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hodaka Moriyama
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Osahiko Hagiwara
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Enomoto
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
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Ito K, Sato E, Oda Y, Moriyama H, Hagiwara O, Enomoto T, Yoshida S, Watanabe M. Embossed x-ray computed tomography utilizing pixel-shifted dual-energy subtraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:073707. [PMID: 39007680 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
To observe fine blood vessels as uneven tomographic images at a high contrast, we performed tentative experiments on embossed x-ray computed tomography (CT). We constructed a cone-beam CT scanner and carried out dual-energy CT with tube voltages of 60 and 100 kV. X-ray photons penetrating through an object were detected using an indirect-conversion flat panel detector, and radiograms were produced and sent to a personal computer to reconstruct tomograms. Embossed CT was performed using pixel-shifted dual-energy subtraction, and blood vessels filled with Gd medium were observed as uneven images at high contrast and spatial resolutions. Using 1.4-time magnification imaging in combination with a 0.1-mm-focus x-ray tube, the diameter of the object visible on the embossed CT was below 100 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ito
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Honorary Professor of Physics, Iwate Medical University, 2-14-6 Kawaramachi, Wakabayashi, Sendai, Miyagi 984-0816, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Oda
- Department of Physics, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hodaka Moriyama
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Osahiko Hagiwara
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Enomoto
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
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Li Z, Chang S, Zhang H, Hu Y, Huang Y, Au L, Ren S. Flexible Lead-Free X-ray Detector from Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6983-6989. [PMID: 34346219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) obtained by specific host-guest interactions have attracted a large interest in the last two decades, promising development of next-generation electronic devices. Herein, we designed and presented flexible X-ray detectors using Ni-DABDT (DABDT = 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol dihydrochloride) MOFs as the absorbing layer. The π-d coupling interactions of Ni-DABDT throughout the framework implement a conspicuous carrier transportation pathway. The detector that converts X-ray photons directly into carriers manifests an attractive achievement with high detection sensitivity of 98.6 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, with a low detection limit of 7.2 μGyair s-1 for the radiation robustness. This work provides insights for next-generation green and high-performance flexible sensor detectors by utilizing MOF materials with the benefits of a designable structure and tunable property, demonstrating a proof-of-concept in wearable X-ray detectors for radiation monitoring and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Shuquan Chang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lu Au
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy Environment & Water Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Li Z, Chang S, Zhang H, Hu Y, Huang Y, An L, Ren S. Cu-based metal-organic frameworks for highly sensitive X-ray detectors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8612-8615. [PMID: 34369527 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03458h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we constructed Pb-free Cu-DABDT-MOFs-based (DABDT = 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzenedithiol) X-ray detectors. Combined with the advantage of high activation energy, the Cu-DABDT-MOFs-based detector can effectively generate and capture electrons under X-ray exposure and presents a high mobility-lifetime (μτ) product of 6.49 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 and promising detection sensitivity of 78.7 μC Gyair-1 cm-2. As groundbreaking work, these discoveries have provided information for exploring MOF materials toward green and high-performance high-energy radiation detectors by exploiting the designable structure and tunable properties of the MOF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016, China.
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Sato E, Yoshida S, Takeda K, Yoshida R, Sato Y, Yoshioka K, Moriyama H, Hagiwara O, Matsukiyo H, Enomoto T, Watanabe M. Whole cancer-region enhancement using meglumine-gadopentetate-glucose solution and 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 81:10-16. [PMID: 33901583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To visualize whole cancerous region including hypoxic cancer without radiation exposure, we developed meglumine-gadopentetate-glucose solution for 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. The infusion solution consists of meglumine-gadopentetate and glucose solutions, and these solutions are mixed before the vein drip infusion. We used readily available solutions, and the concentrations of the meglumine-gadopentetate and glucose solutions were 37.14 and 5.0%, respectively. In the first and second experiments, vein infusions were conducted from a rabbit ear using meglumine-gadopentetate-saline and meglumine-gadopentetate-glucose solutions, and T1 weighted imaging was performed to visualize cancerous region. Using the meglumine-gadopentetate saline, it was not difficult to image cancer-growth regions with new blood vessels. Using the meglumine-gadopentetate-glucose solution, the signal intensity of whole cancerous region including hypoxic cancer substantially increased. The visualizing duration for the meglumine gadopentetate glucose was beyond 90 min, and the rabbit survived after the infusion. The signal intensity in the hypoxic cancer was increasing until 90 min using the meglumine-gadopentetate-glucose solution, since the meglumine-gadopentetate molecules were absorbed into almost the whole cancerous region along with glucose-molecule flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Sato
- Department of Physics, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Sohei Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kota Takeda
- Central Radiation Department, Iwate Medical University Hospital, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Central Radiation Department, Iwate Medical University Hospital, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yoshioka
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hodaka Moriyama
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Osahiko Hagiwara
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsukiyo
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Enomoto
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
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Sato E, Oda Y, Yoshida S, Yoshioka K, Moriyama H, Watanabe M. Near-infrared-ray computed tomography with an 808 nm laser beam and high spatial resolutions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:013702. [PMID: 33514199 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To increase the penetrating photons and to improve the spatial resolution in near-infrared-ray computed tomography (NIR-CT), we used an 808 nm laser module. The NIR photons are produced from the laser module, and an object is exposed to the laser beam. The laser power is controlled by the applied voltage, and the photodiode detects photons penetrating through the object. To reduce scattering photons from the object, a 1.0-mm-diameter graphite pinhole is set behind the object. The spatial resolutions were improved using a 1.0-mm-diameter 5.0-mm-length graphite collimator and were ∼1 × 1 mm2. The NIR-CT was accomplished by repeating the object-reciprocating translations and rotations of the object using the turntable, and the ray-sampling-translation and rotation steps were 0.1 mm and 0.5°, respectively. The scanning time was 19.6 min at a total rotation angle of 180°. Triple-sensitivity CT was accomplished using amplifiers, and a graphite rod in the chicken fillet was visible when increasing amplification factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Sato
- Department of Physics, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Oda
- Department of Physics, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshida
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yoshioka
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Hodaka Moriyama
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
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Yoshida S, Sato E, Oda Y, Yoshioka K, Moriyama H, Watanabe M. Triple-sensitivity high-spatial-resolution X-ray computed tomography using a cadmium-telluride detector and its beam-hardening effect. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 159:109089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bläckberg L, Sajedi S, Mandl S, Mohan A, Vittum B, El Fakhri G, Sabet H. Exploring light confinement in laser-processed LYSO:Ce for photon counting CT application. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:095020. [PMID: 30897557 PMCID: PMC7191943 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of developing a low-cost scintillator-based photon counting detector (PCD) with high dose efficiency suitable for CT, the light transport characteristics in LYSO:Ce detectors containing laser induced optical barriers (LIOB) are simulated. Light confinement and light collection efficiencies (LCE) are studied for a variety of optical barrier patterns and properties (refractive index (RI) and barrier/crystal interface roughness). Up to 80% confinement is achievable with a simple pixel pattern with one barrier wall separating each pixel coupled one-to-one to a photodetector (PD) pixel. Confinement is heavily dependent on barrier properties, and rough interfaces and higher RI results in increased cross-talk. Three approaches to enhance performance beyond the basic pattern are explored: (1) Multiple barrier walls separating each crystal pixel. (2) Introduction of long and short range confinement by having multiple crystal pixels per PD pixel. (3) Combination of LIOB and laser ablation (LA). (1) Is effective for rough interfaces where confinement can be increased by up to 24% for double compared to single walls. (2) Results in high confinement in the pixel centered on the PD pixel, but lower confinement closer to the PD edge. This feature may be explored to achieve spatial resolution beyond the PD pixel size using light sharing based positioning algorithms. (3) Can increase confinement for smooth interfaces using a smooth ablation in the bottom part of the crystal. A general trend across all configurations is a trade-off between light confinement and LCE. The LCE attainable is found comparable to that for mechanically pixelated arrays. While the confinement achievable with LIOB is always lower compared to a mechanically pixelated array, the former may offer a high level of flexibility in terms of detector design. This, in combination with the possibility to fabricate sub-mm pixels in a cost-effective manner, makes LIOB a promising technology for scintillator-based PCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bläckberg
- Department of Radiology, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Moriyama H, Watanabe M, Kusachi S, Oda Y, Sato E. Low-dose low-scattering X-ray computed tomography with high-spatial-energy resolutions using a cooled cadmium telluride detector. Ultramicroscopy 2019; 199:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sato Y, Takaoka A, Sato T, Sato E, Oda Y, Yoshida S, Moriyama H, Hagiwara O, Matsukiyo H, Enomoto T, Watanabe M, Kusachi S. 850-nm-peak high-sensitivity near-infrared-ray computed tomography scanner in the living-body window. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-018-0237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Triple-energy high-count-rate X-ray computed tomography scanner using a cadmium telluride detector. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-018-0236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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