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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Beheshti ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-3812
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Wu Q, Huang G, Wei W, Liu J. Molecular Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Precision Medicine. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3457-3470. [PMID: 35510710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the sixth most common cancer among men and the ninth among women, and its prognosis is closely correlated with metastasis. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the main adjuvant treatments for advanced RCC and require early diagnosis, precise assessment, and prediction of the therapeutic responses. Current conventional imaging methods of RCC only provide structural information rather than biological processes. Noninvasive diagnostic tools are therefore needed to image RCC early and accurately at the molecular level. Nuclear medicine imaging combines the high sensitivity of radionuclides with the high resolution of structural imaging to visualize the metabolic processes and specific targets of RCC for more accurate and reliable diagnosis, staging, prognosis prediction, and response assessment. This review summarizes the most recent applications of nuclear medicine receptor imaging and metabolic imaging in RCC and highlights future development perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
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Guan SS, Wu CT, Liao TZ, Lin KL, Peng CL, Shih YH, Weng MF, Chen CT, Yeh CH, Wang YC, Liu SH. A novel 111indium-labeled dual carbonic anhydrase 9-targeted probe as a potential SPECT imaging radiotracer for detection of hypoxic colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 168:38-52. [PMID: 34450241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Thus, a specifically targeted probe for the detection of hypoxic CRC cells is urgently needed. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is considered to be a specific marker for hypoxic CRC diagnosis. Here, a nuclear imaging Indium-111 (111In)-labeled dual CA9-targeted probe was synthesized and evaluated for CA9 detection in in vitro, in vivo, and in human samples. The CA9-targeted peptide (CA9tp) and CA9 inhibitor acetazolamide (AAZ) were combined to form a dual CA9-targeted probe (AAZ-CA9tp) using an automatic microwave peptide synthesizer, which then was conjugated with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) for radioisotope (111In) labeling (111In-DOTA-AAZ-CA9tp). The assays for cell binding, stability, and toxicity were conducted in hypoxic CRC HCT15 cells. The analyses for imaging and biodistribution were performed in an HCT15 xenograft mouse model. The binding and distribution of 111In-DOTA-AAZ-CA9tp were detected in human CRC samples using microautoradiography. AAZ-CA9tp possessed good CA9-targeting ability in hypoxic HCT15 cells. The dual CA9-targeted radiotracer showed high serum stability, high surface binding, and high affinity in vitro. After exposure of 111In-DOTA-AAZ-CA9tp to the HCT15-bearing xenograft mice, the levels of 111In-DOTA-AAZ-CA9tp were markedly and specifically increased in the hypoxic tumor tissues compared to control mice. 111In-DOTA-AAZ-CA9tp also targeted the areas of CA9 overexpression in human colorectal tumor tissue sections. The results of this study suggest that the novel 111In-DOTA-AAZ-CA9tp nuclear imaging agent may be a useful tool for the detection of hypoxic CRC cells in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Master Program of Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Zung Liao
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Liang Lin
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsia Shih
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Feng Weng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Production of a broad palette of positron emitting radioisotopes using a low-energy cyclotron: Towards a new success story in cancer imaging? Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109860. [PMID: 34284216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years, positron emission tomography (PET) has matured as an indispensable component of cancer diagnostics. Owing to the large variability observed among the cancer patients and the need to personalize individual patient's diagnosis and treatment, the need for new positron emitting radioisotopes has continued to grow. This mini review opens with a brief introduction to the criteria for radioisotope selection for PET imaging. Subsequently, positron emitting radioisotopes are categorized as: established, emerging and futuristic, based on the stages of their advancement. The production methodologies and the radiochemical separation procedures for obtaining the important radioisotopes in a form suitable for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging are briefly discussed.
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Burianova V, Kalinin S, Supuran CT, Krasavin M. Radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) targeting tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113046. [PMID: 33303236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tumour-associated, cell membrane-bound isoforms IX and XII of human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are overexpressed in cancer cells contributing to the hypoxic tumour pH/metabolism regulating machinery and as thus, can serve as markers of malignant neoplastic tissue. Inhibitors of CAs can be employed both for the treatment of hypoxic tumours and in the design of radiotracers for positron emission tomography and imaging of such cancers. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the progress achieved to-date in the field of developing PET-tracers based on monoclonal antibodies, biomolecules, and small-molecule ligands of CA IX and XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Burianova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav Kalinin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Janoniene A, Petrikaite V. In Search of Advanced Tumor Diagnostics and Treatment: Achievements and Perspectives of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Targeted Delivery. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1800-1815. [PMID: 32374612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The research of how cells sense and adapt the oxygen deficiency has been recognized as worth winning a Nobel Prize in 2019. Understanding hypoxia-driven molecular machinery paved a path for novel strategies in fighting hypoxia-related diseases including cancer. The oxygen depletion inside the tumor provokes HIF-1 dependent gene and protein expression which helps the tumor to survive. For this reason, tumor related molecules are in the spotlight for scientists developing anticancer agents. One such target is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX)-a protein located on the outer cell membrane of most hypoxic tumor cells. This offers the opportunity to exploit it as a target for delivery of cytotoxic drugs, dyes, or radioisotopes to cancer cells. Therefore, researchers investigate CA IX specific small molecules and antibodies as tumor-targeting moieties in nanosystems and conjugates which are expected to overcome the limitations of some existing diagnostic and treatment strategies. This review covers the vast majority of CA IX-targeted systems (nanoparticle and conjugate based) for both therapeutic and imaging purposes published up to now. Furthermore, it shows their stage of development and gives an assessment of their clinical translation possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Janoniene
- Vilnius University Life Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Vilnius University Life Science Center, Institute of Biotechnology, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.,Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiology, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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