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Portuphy MO, Katayama K, Asao K, Takeishi T, Akashi K. Tritium behavior in soil and mineral rock components used for plant cultivation. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111344. [PMID: 38739997 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Immersion, percolation and tritium release experiments in peat and vermiculite soil samples were performed to analyze their behavior in this widely used medium for plant cultivation. Samples were immersed in tritiated water for 696 h and the isotope exchange capacity evaluated. A vertical flow regime was also considered with analysis for hydraulic conductivity to understand tritium mobility and therefore its availability. Peat soil showed a high tritium retention after percolation, but vermiculite seem to suppress its retention ability. The high moisture and organic content of peat enhanced its isotope exchange capacity. The falling head method was used to numerically evaluate the saturated hydraulic conductivity and outflow flux. Calculated isotope exchange capacity was 4.95×10-2 mol-T2O/g for peat and 3.38×10-2 mol-T2O/g for vermiculite. The tritium release experiment showed significant release of tritiated carbons in peat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ofotsu Portuphy
- Interdisciplnary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazunari Katayama
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Kanta Asao
- School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Takeishi
- School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenta Akashi
- School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Ma X, Cao Y, Zheng T, Yu S, Zou H, Gong X, Cao Y, Ren H. Determination and human health risk assessment of TFWT, OBT and carbon-14 in seafood around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101243. [PMID: 38444554 PMCID: PMC10912440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the effects of the operation of Qinshan nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) on tritium (3H) and carbon-14 (14C) levels in seafood and assess the health risks caused by seafood consumption. Five kinds of seafood, including marine fish, prawn, razor clam, crabs, and seaweed, were collected from QNPP and the sea around Hangzhou Bay. The activity concentrations of tissue free water tritium (TFWT), organically bound tritium (OBT) and 14C were determined, respectively, and the annual intake and annual effective dose (AED) were calculated. The results showed that the TFWT, OBT, and 14C activity concentrations of the seafood in the surrounding area of QNPP ranged from 2.00 to 74.75 Bq/L, <1.04 to 19.68 Bq/L and 0.09 to 0.17 Bq/g·C, respectively. The TFWT, OBT, and 14C activity concentrations of the seafood in Hangzhou Bay ranged from 1.36 to 10.55 Bq/L, 1.08 to 6.78 Bq/L and 0.07 to 0.13 Bq/g·C, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. The total AED from 3H and 14C due to the seafood consumption for the residents in the surrounding of QNPP and Hangzhou Bay were 1.96 × 10-4 and 1.61 × 10-4 mSv/year, respectively. The results showed that the operation of QNPP had no obvious effect on 3H and 14C accumulation in seafood, and the dose burden of population was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 215123, China
- South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou 325014, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Taotao Zheng
- Sanmen County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sanmen, Zhejiang 317100, China
| | - Shunfei Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Hua Zou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, 215123, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, China
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Zhang W, Qi C, Lim D, Zhang X, Gao R, Feng Z. Health risk assessment for soil radioactivity around Shidaowan nuclear power plant in Shandong, China. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2024; 200:554-563. [PMID: 38453149 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring radioactivity levels in the environment around nuclear power plants is of great significance to assessing environmental safety and impact. Shidaowan nuclear power plant is currently undergoing commissioning; however, the baseline soil radioactivity is unknown. The naturally occurring radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K, and artificial radionuclide (AR) 137Cs in soil samples around the Shidaowan nuclear power plant were measured to establish the baseline levels. Human health hazard indices such as external hazard indices (Hex), Radium equivalent (Raeq), outdoor absorbed dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were estimated. The average concentration of 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 238U and 226Ra were 42.6 ± 15, 581 ± 131, 0.68 ± 0.38, 40.13 ± 9.07 and 40.8 ± 12.8 Bq per kg, respectively. The average Hex, Raeq, Dout, AED and ELCR were 0.40, 146 Bq per kg, 68.8 nGy per h, 0.09 mSv per y and 3.29E-04, respectively. These data showed an acceptable level of risk to residents near the nuclear power plant and that the current radioactivity in the soil may not pose immediate harm to residents living close to the nuclear power plant. The observed lower AED and 40 K and 137Cs concentrations were comparable to other studies, whilst ELCR was higher than the world average of 2.9E-04. The commissioning of the Shidaowan nuclear power plant is potentially safe for the surrounding residents; further continuous monitoring is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute for Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyang Qi
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - David Lim
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xianpeng Zhang
- Institute for Public Health Surveillance and Evaluation, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Rihong Gao
- Haiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haiyang, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Liang J, Cheng WY, Xue XC, Li JL, Zhang MJ, Wei F, Zhang Q, Liu W. Annual variation of different forms of tritium in the soil around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 251-252:106957. [PMID: 35792409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tritium deposited in soil forms HTO and OBT. To further understand the changes of HTO and OBT in different years, HTO and OBT in the soil around Qinshan Nuclear Power Base in different sampling years were measured. According to the annual distribution of HTO and OBT in the surface soil, it could be inferred whether there was a long-term release of tritium in the observed year. From the depth distribution of different years, OBT tends to migrate to the deep. From 2015 to 2020, the correlation analysis between OBT and HTO/soil organic matter showed that HTO contributed more to OBT in surface soil at 250-2000 μm and 53-250 μm particle sizes, but this conclusion did not apply to deep soil. However, there was no significant relationship between OBT activity and soil organic matter content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yu Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chong Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Lin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 2019 Jialuo Road, 201800, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Nie B, Wu S, Yang D, Chen D, Gu W, Zhou W, Yin J, Wang D. Quantitative prediction of dynamic HTO migration behavior in the soil and non-negligible evapotranspiration effect. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127772. [PMID: 34801317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tritium is mainly produced from nuclear facilities apart from nuclear tests. After being released to the environment, tritium would cause water & food contamination due to its radioactivity and mobility. This study investigated dynamic characteristics of tritiated water (HTO) migration in the soil and evapotranspiration effect based on realistic environmental conditions. The influences of soil types and time-varying environmental factors such as precipitation and evapotranspiration on tritium migration behaviors were specially discussed under normal continuous and accidental short-term release conditions. Radiation dose caused by dynamic tritium evapotranspiration was evaluated. The results show that tritium migration velocity in the soil is much higher than other particles such as cesium due to negligible adsorption of tritium by the soil. Tritium migration in the soil from up to down is attributed to precipitation. On the contrary, evapotranspiration factor would carry tritium movement along the opposite direction. A considerable fraction approximately 55% of tritium deposited in the soil would be reemitted into the air from bare soil and plant leaves due to evapotranspiration effect. Subsequently, the radiation dose caused by second plume due to evapotranspiration effect might be higher than the first plume due to direct release from the nuclear facility under routine discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Nie
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Derui Yang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deyi Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiguo Gu
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junlian Yin
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dezhong Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Long-term variation of 90Sr and 137Cs in environmental and food samples around Qinshan nuclear power plant, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20903. [PMID: 34686687 PMCID: PMC8536726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental radioactivity monitoring in the surroundings of nuclear facilities is important to provide baseline data for effective detection in case of any radioactive release in the region. In this work, we report for the first time the long-term monitoring data of 137Cs and 90Sr in environmental and food samples around Qinshan nuclear power plant in 2012–2019. The distribution levels, temporal variations and source terms of 137Cs and 90Sr in the investigated samples were discussed. The annual effective dose (AED) for the local population from the ingestion of foods was also evaluated. Peak values of 90Sr and 137Cs concentrations and 137Cs/90Sr activity ratio were observed in total atmospheric deposition in 2016 and some water and food samples in the following years. This seems to be associated to an additional radioactive input, mostly likely from the operational release of a local facility. This demonstrates that 90Sr and 137Cs, especially the 137Cs/90Sr activity ratio, are sensitive indicators for detecting potential radioactive releases. Nevertheless, overall 90Sr and 137Cs activity concentrations measured during 2012–2019 in this work were at the background levels with average AED far below the internationally permissible limit and recommendation.
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Liang J, Du L, Cheng WY, Xia ZH, Gu SZ, Zhang MJ, Zhang Q, Liu W. Distributions of tritium with different chemical form in the soil around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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