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Bouteculet M, Bacri CO, Cassisa A, Duval MA, Gourgiotis A, Guertin A, Lebeda O, Mrázek J, Nigron E, Šimečková E. First production of pure 155Gd targets and 155Gd(p,x) 155Tb, 156Tb cross-section measurements. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 213:111485. [PMID: 39236405 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Bouteculet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris Cité, IJCLab, F-91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Charles-Olivier Bacri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris Cité, IJCLab, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | | | - Marie-Alix Duval
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris Cité, IJCLab, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Alkiviadis Gourgiotis
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SPDR/LT2S, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Arnaud Guertin
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes Université, IMT Atlantique, F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Ondřej Lebeda
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Mrázek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eva Šimečková
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
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Colombi A, Fontana A. Comparative study of 155Tb production via 155Dy precursor with p, d and α beams on natural targets for medical applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 212:111443. [PMID: 39032347 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Three different reactions with the use of natural targets are investigated to produce 155Tb for medical applications from the decay of its precursor 155Dy. The TALYS code has been exploited to optimize the cross section description and to improve the agreement with the full set of available data. The study is completed by a theoretical model for the two radio-chemical separations: optimal solutions are presented for the production of high quality 155Tb samples, guaranteed by the absence of the main contaminant, 156Tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colombi
- Università di Pavia, Dipartimento di Fisica, via A. Bassi 6, Pavia, I-27100, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, via A. Bassi 6, Pavia, I-27100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, via A. Bassi 6, Pavia, I-27100, Italy.
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Koniar H, McNeil S, Wharton L, Ingham A, Van de Voorde M, Ooms M, Sekar S, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Kunz P, Radchenko V, Rahmim A, Uribe C, Yang H, Schaffer P. Quantitative SPECT imaging of 155Tb and 161Tb for preclinical theranostic radiopharmaceutical development. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:77. [PMID: 39276263 PMCID: PMC11401819 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Element-equivalent matched theranostic pairs facilitate quantitative in vivo imaging to establish pharmacokinetics and dosimetry estimates in the development of preclinical radiopharmaceuticals. Terbium radionuclides have significant potential as matched theranostic pairs for multipurpose applications in nuclear medicine. In particular, 155Tb (t1/2 = 5.32 d) and 161Tb (t1/2 = 6.89 d) have been proposed as a theranostic pair for their respective applications in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and targeted beta therapy. Our study assessed the performance of preclinical quantitative SPECT imaging with 155Tb and 161Tb. A hot rod resolution phantom with rod diameters ranging between 0.85 and 1.70 mm was filled with either 155Tb (21.8 ± 1.7 MBq/mL) or 161Tb (23.6 ± 1.9 MBq/mL) and scanned with the VECTor preclinical SPECT/CT scanner. Image performance was evaluated with two collimators: a high energy ultra high resolution (HEUHR) collimator and an extra ultra high sensitivity (UHS) collimator. SPECT images were reconstructed from photopeaks at 43.0 keV, 86.6 keV, and 105.3 keV for 155Tb and 48.9 keV and 74.6 keV for 161Tb. Quantitative SPECT images of the resolution phantoms were analyzed to report inter-rod contrast, recovery coefficients, and contrast-to-noise metrics. RESULTS Quantitative SPECT images of the resolution phantom established that the HEUHR collimator resolved all rods for 155Tb and 161Tb, and the UHS collimator resolved rods ≥ 1.10 mm for 161Tb and ≥ 1.30 mm for 155Tb. The HEUHR collimator maintained better quantitative accuracy than the UHS collimator with recovery coefficients up to 92%. Contrast-to-noise metrics were also superior with the HEUHR collimator. CONCLUSIONS Both 155Tb and 161Tb demonstrated potential for applications in preclinical quantitative SPECT imaging. The high-resolution collimator achieves < 0.85 mm resolution and maintains quantitative accuracy in small volumes which is advantageous for assessing sub organ activity distributions in small animals. This imaging method can provide critical quantitative information for assessing and optimizing preclinical Tb-radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Koniar
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, CAN V6T, Canada.
| | - Scott McNeil
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Luke Wharton
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Aidan Ingham
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Michiel Van de Voorde
- Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications Science, SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, BE, 2400, Canada
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Institute for Nuclear Medical Applications Science, SCK CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol, BE, 2400, Canada
| | - Sathiya Sekar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, CAN V6T, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter Kunz
- TRIUMF, Accelerator Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, CAN V6T, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Oncology, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Carlos Uribe
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Department of Integrative Oncology, 675 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Functional Imaging, BC Cancer Agency, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Braccini S, Casolaro P, Dellepiane G, Kottler C, Lüthi M, Mercolli L, Peier P, Scampoli P, Türler A. Methodology for measuring photonuclear reaction cross sections with an electron accelerator based on Bayesian analysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 208:111275. [PMID: 38484591 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of photonuclear reaction cross sections are crucial for a number of applications, including radiation shielding design, absorbed dose calculations, reactor physics and engineering, nuclear safeguard and inspection, astrophysics, and nuclear medicine. Primarily motivated by the study of the production of selected radionuclides with high-energy photon beams (mainly 225Ac, 47Sc, and 67Cu), we have established a methodology for the measurement of photonuclear reaction cross sections with the microtron accelerator available at the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS). The proposed methodology is based on the measurement of the produced activity with a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) spectrometer and on the knowledge of the photon fluence spectrum through Monte Carlo simulations. The data analysis is performed by applying a Bayesian fitting procedure to the experimental data and by assuming a functional trend of the cross section, in our case a Breit-Wigner function. We validated the entire methodology by measuring a well-established photonuclear cross section, namely the 197Au(γ, n)196Au reaction. The results are consistent with those reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pierluigi Casolaro
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy; INFN Naples Unit, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kottler
- Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, 3003, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Lüthi
- Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, 3003, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences (DCBP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Lorenzo Mercolli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Peier
- Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, 3003, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Scampoli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andreas Türler
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences (DCBP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Gottstein A, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Braccini S. 44Sc production from enriched 47TiO 2 targets with a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 206:111220. [PMID: 38301319 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
44Sc is a β+-emitter which has been extensively studied for nuclear medicine applications. Its promising decay characteristics [t1/2 = 3.97 h, E [Formula: see text] = 632 keV (94.3%), Eγ = 1157 keV (99.9%); 1499 keV (0.91%)] make it highly attractive for clinical PET imaging, offering an alternative to the widely used 68Ga [t1/2 = 67.7 min, E [Formula: see text] = 836 keV (87.7%)]. Notably, its nearly fourfold longer half-life opens avenues for applications with biomolecules having extended biological half-lives and enables the centralized distribution of 44Sc radiopharmaceuticals. An additional advantage of employing 44Sc as a diagnostic radioisotope lies in its counterpart, the β--emitter 47Sc, which is currently under investigation for targeted radiotherapy. Together, they form an ideal theranostic pair, providing a comprehensive solution for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. At the Bern medical cyclotron, a study to optimize the production of scandium radioisotopes is currently ongoing. In this context, proton irradiation of titanium targets has been investigated, exploiting the reactions 47Ti(p,α)44Sc and 50Ti(p,α)47Sc. This approach enables the production of Sc radioisotopes within a single PET medical cyclotron facility, employing identical chemical procedures for target preparation and post-irradiation processing. In this paper, we report on cross-section measurements of the 47Ti(p,α)44Sc nuclear reaction using 95.7% enriched 47TiO2 targets. On the basis of the obtained results, the production yield and purity were calculated to assess the optimal irradiation conditions. Production tests were performed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Pierluigi Casolaro
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gottstein
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isidre Mateu
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Scampoli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Barbaro F, Canton L, Uzunov N, De Nardo L, Melendez-Alafort L. 155Tb production by cyclotrons: what level of 155Gd enrichment allows clinical applications? EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:26. [PMID: 38485872 PMCID: PMC11286608 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 155Tb represents a potentially useful radionuclide for diagnostic medical applications, but its production remains a challenging problem, in spite of the fact that many production routes have been already investigated and tested. A recent experimental campaign, conducted with low-energy proton beams impinging on a 155Gd target with 91.9% enrichment, demonstrated a significant co-production of 156gTb, a contaminant of great concern since its half-life is comparable to that of 155Tb and its high-energy γ emissions severely impact on the dose released and on the quality of the SPECT images. In the present investigation, the isotopic purity of the enriched 155Gd target necessary to minimize the co-production of contaminant radioisotopes, in particular 156gTb, was explored using various computational simulations. RESULTS Starting from the recent experimental data obtained with a 91.9% 155Gd-enriched target, the co-production of other Tb radioisotopes besides 155Tb has been theoretically evaluated using the Talys code. It was found that 156Gd, with an isotopic content of 5.87%, was the principal contributor to the co-production of 156gTb. The analysis also demonstrated that the maximum amount of 156Gd admissible for 155Tb production with a radionuclidic purity higher than 99% was 1%. A less stringent condition was obtained through computational dosimetry analysis, suggesting that a 2% content of 156Gd in the target can be tolerated to limit the dose increase to the patient below the 10% limit. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the imaging properties of the produced 155Tb are not severely affected by this level of impurity in the target. CONCLUSIONS 155Tb can be produced with a quality suitable for medical applications using low-energy proton beams and 155Gd-enriched targets, if the 156Gd impurity content does not exceed 2%. Under these conditions, the dose increase due to the presence of contaminant radioisotopes remains below the 10% limit and good quality images, comparable to those of 111In, are guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Barbaro
- INFN-Padua, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Luciano Canton
- INFN-Padua, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Nikolay Uzunov
- INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura De Nardo
- INFN-Padua, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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Moiseeva AN, Makoveeva KA, Furkina EB, Artyushova EV, German MN, Khomenko IA, Konevega AL, Kormazeva ES, Novikov VI, Aksenov NV, Gustova NS, Aliev RA. Co-production of 155Tb and 152Tb irradiating 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with a medium energy α-particle beam. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 126-127:108389. [PMID: 37783103 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four terbium isotopes 149,152,155,161Tb emitting various types of radiation can be used for both diagnostics and therapy. 152Tb emits positrons and is ideal for PET. 155Tb is considered a promising Auger emitter and a diagnostic pair for other terbium therapeutic isotopes. Several methods for the production of 155Tb using charged particle accelerators have been proposed, but they all have significant limitations. The restricted availability of this isotope hinders its medical applications. We have proposed a new method for production of 155Tb, irradiating enriched 155Gd by alpha particles. The possibility of simultaneous production of two isotopes of terbium, 152,155Tb, was also studied for more efficient cyclotron beam use. METHODS Irradiation of 155Gd enriched targets and 155Gd / 151Eu tandem target with alpha-particles with an energy of 54 MeV was carried out at the U-150 cyclotron at the NRC "Kurchatov Institute". The cross sections of nuclear reactions on enr-155Gd were measured by the stack foil technique, detecting the gamma-radiation of the activation products. The separation of rare earth elements was performed by extraction chromatography with the LN Resin. 155Tb was produced via 155Dy decay. RESULTS The cross sections for the 155,156Tb and 155,157Dy production were measured by the irradiation of a gadolinium target enriched with the 155Gd isotope with alpha-particles in an energy range of 54 → 33 MeV. The yield of 155Dy on a thick target at 54 MeV was 130 MBq/μAh, which makes it possible to obtain 1 GBq of 155Tb in 11 hour-irradiation with 20 μA beam current. The possibility of simultaneous production of 152,155Tb by irradiation of 155Gd and 151Eu tandem target with medium-energy alpha-particles is implemented. Optimal irradiation energy ranges of alpha -particles as 54 → 42 MeV for 155Tb and 42 → 34 MeV for 152Tb were suggested. Product activity and radionuclidic purity were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Moiseeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia.
| | - K A Makoveeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E B Furkina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | | | - M N German
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - I A Khomenko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - A L Konevega
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - E S Kormazeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - V I Novikov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
| | - N V Aksenov
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - N S Gustova
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
| | - R A Aliev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Russia
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8
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Favaretto C, Gottstein A, Grundler PV, Mateu I, Renaldin E, Scampoli P, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Braccini S. Cross-section measurement of thulium radioisotopes with an 18 MeV medical PET cyclotron for an optimized 165Er production. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110954. [PMID: 37527621 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
165Er is a pure Auger-electron emitter with promising characteristics for therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. The short penetration path and high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of the emitted Auger electrons make 165Er particularly suitable for treating small tumor metastases. Several production methods based on the irradiation with charged particles of Er and Ho targets can be found in the literature. In this paper, we report on the study of 165Er indirect production performed via the 166Er(p,2n)165Tm →165Er reaction at the 18 MeV Bern medical cyclotron. Despite the use of highly enriched 166Er2O3 targets, several Tm radioisotopes are produced during the irradiation, making the knowledge of the cross sections involved crucial. For this reason, a precise investigation of the cross sections of the relevant nuclear reactions in the energy range of interest was performed by irradiating Er2O3 targets with different isotopic enrichment levels and using a method based on the inversion of a linear system of equations. For the reactions 164Er(p, γ)165Tm, 166Er(p,n)166Tm, 166Er(p, γ)167Tm, 167Er(p,3n)165Tm, 167Er(p, γ)168Tm, 168Er(p,2n)167Tm and 170Er(p,3n)168Tm, the nuclear cross section was measured for the first time. From the results obtained, the production yield and purity of the parent radioisotope 165Tm were calculated to assess the optimal irradiation conditions. Several production tests with solid targets were performed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Pierluigi Casolaro
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Favaretto
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gottstein
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Isidre Mateu
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Renaldin
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paola Scampoli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Gottstein A, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Braccini S. Experimental assessment of nuclear cross sections for the production of Tb radioisotopes with a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110969. [PMID: 37566946 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
155Tb is one of the most interesting radionuclides for theranostic applications. It is suitable for SPECT imaging and it can be used as a true diagnostic partner of the therapeutic 149Tb and 161Tb. Its production by proton irradiation using enriched 155Gd and 156Gd oxide targets is currently being investigated and represents a promising solution. To achieve the level of radionuclidic purity required in the clinical setting, the co-production of Tb impurities has to be minimized. For this purpose, an accurate knowledge of the cross sections of the nuclear reactions involved is of paramount importance. In this paper, we report on the assessment of cross sections of the reactions 154Gd(p,xn)153,154,154m1,154m2Tb, 155Gd(p,xn)154,154m1,154m2,155Tb, 156Gd(p,xn)155,156Tb and 157Gd(p,2n)156Tb derived with a specific data analysis procedure developed by our group. This method allows to disentangle the nuclear contributions from the production cross section by inverting linear systems of equations and it requires the measurement of the cross sections from as many materials as the reactions involved in the production of the radionuclide under study. For this purpose, the experimental data previously measured by our group at the Bern medical cyclotron by irradiating natural Gd2O3, enriched 155Gd2O3 and enriched 156Gd2O3 targets were used. For some of these nuclear reactions, cross sections were assessed for the first time. On the basis of our findings, production yield and purity can be calculated for any kind of isotopic composition of the enriched material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Pierluigi Casolaro
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gottstein
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isidre Mateu
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Scampoli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Gottstein A, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Braccini S. Optimized production of 67Cu based on cross section measurements of 67Cu and 64Cu using an 18 MeV medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 195:110737. [PMID: 36863264 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
RadioNuclide Therapy (RNT) in nuclear medicine is a cancer treatment based on the administration of radioactive substances that specifically target cancer cells in the patient. These radiopharmaceuticals consist of tumor-targeting vectors labeled with β-, α, or Auger electron-emitting radionuclides. In this framework, 67Cu is receiving increasing interest as it provides β--particles accompanied by low-energy γ radiation. The latter allows to perform Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) imaging for detecting the radiotracer distribution for an optimized treatment plan and follow-up. Furthermore, 67Cu could be used as therapeutic partner of the β+-emitters 61Cu and 64Cu, both currently under study for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, paving the way to the concept of theranostics. The major barrier to a wider use of 67Cu-based radiopharmaceutical is its lack of availability in quantities and qualities suitable for clinical applications. A possible but challenging solution is the proton irradiation of enriched 70Zn targets, using medical cyclotrons equipped with a solid target station. This route was investigated at the Bern medical cyclotron, where an 18 MeV cyclotron is in operation together with a solid target station and a 6-m-long beam transfer line. The cross section of the involved nuclear reactions were accurately measured to optimize the production yield and the radionuclidic purity. Several production tests were performed to confirm the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Pierluigi Casolaro
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gottstein
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isidre Mateu
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Scampoli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Braccini S. Alternative routes for 64Cu production using an 18 MeV medical cyclotron in view of theranostic applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 191:110518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Voeten N, Braccini S. 47Sc and 46Sc cross-section measurement for an optimized 47Sc production with an 18 MeV medical PET cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 189:110428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Voeten N, Braccini S. Cross-section measurement for an optimized 61Cu production at an 18 MeV medical cyclotron from natural Zn and enriched 64Zn solid targets. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 190:110466. [PMID: 36174333 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The availability of novel medical radionuclides is a key point in the development of personalised nuclear medicine. In particular, copper radioisotopes are attracting considerable interest as they can be used to label various molecules of medical interest, such as proteins and peptides, and offer two of the most promising true theranostic pairs, namely 61Cu/67Cu and 64Cu/67Cu. Although 64Cu (t1/2 = 12.7006 h, β+: 17.6%, β-: 38.5%) is nowadays the most commonly used as a diagnostic radionuclide, 61Cu (t1/2 = 3.339 h, β+: 61%) features more favourable nuclear properties, such as a higher positron decay fraction and the absence of β- emissions. To date, the production of 61Cu has been carried out irradiating highly enriched 61Ni targets with a low energy proton beam. However, the use of the very expensive 61Ni targets requires an efficient recovery of the target material and makes this method quite inconvenient. Another promising production route is the proton irradiation of natural Zn or enriched 64Zn targets, exploiting the (p,α) nuclear reaction. Along this line, a research program is ongoing at the Bern medical cyclotron, equipped with an external beam transfer line and a solid target station. In this paper, we report on cross-section measurements of the 64Zn(p,α)61Cu nuclear reaction using natural Zn and enriched 64Zn material, which served as the basis to perform optimized 61Cu production tests with solid targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Dellepiane
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Pierluigi Casolaro
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isidre Mateu
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Scampoli
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Naomi Voeten
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Saverio Braccini
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Braccini S, Carzaniga T, Dellepiane G, Grundler P, Scampoli P, van der Meulen N, Wüthrich D. Optimization of 68Ga production at an 18 MeV medical cyclotron with solid targets by means of cross-section measurement of 66Ga, 67Ga and 68Ga. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 186:110252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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