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Reyes-Hernández OD, Figueroa-González G, Quintas-Granados LI, Hernández-Parra H, Peña-Corona SI, Cortés H, Kipchakbayeva A, Mukazhanova Z, Habtemariam S, Leyva-Gómez G, Büsselberg D, Sharifi-Rad J. New insights into the anticancer therapeutic potential of icaritin and its synthetic derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22175. [PMID: 38567708 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Icaritin is a natural prenylated flavonoid derived from the Chinese herb Epimedium. The compound has shown antitumor effects in various cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Icaritin exerts its anticancer activity by modulating multiple signaling pathways, such as IL-6/JAK/STAT3, ER-α36, and NF-κB, affecting the tumor microenvironment and immune system. Several clinical trials have evaluated the safety and efficacy of icaritin in advanced HCC patients with poor prognoses, who are unsuitable for conventional therapies. The results have demonstrated that icaritin can improve survival, delay progression, and produce clinical benefits in these patients, with a favorable safety profile and minimal adverse events. Moreover, icaritin can enhance the antitumor immune response by regulating the function and phenotype of various immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, MDSCs, neutrophils, and macrophages. These findings suggest that icaritin is a promising candidate for immunotherapy in HCC and other cancers. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and optimal dosing regimens of icaritin and its potential synergistic effects with other agents. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the scientific literature aims to summarize advances in the knowledge of icaritin in preclinical and clinical studies as well as the pharmacokinetic, metabolism, toxicity, and mechanisms action to recognize the main challenge, gaps, and opportunities to develop a medication that cancer patients can use. Thus, our main objective was to clarify the current state of icaritin for use as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Itzel Quintas-Granados
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Cuautepec, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México. Ciudad de México, México, México
| | - Hector Hernández-Parra
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sheila I Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Aliya Kipchakbayeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhazira Mukazhanova
- Higher School of IT and Natural Sciences, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, London, UK
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Zhang X, Tang B, Wen S, Wang Y, Pan C, Qu L, Yin Y, Wei Y. Advancements in the Biotransformation and Biosynthesis of the Primary Active Flavonoids Derived from Epimedium. Molecules 2023; 28:7173. [PMID: 37894651 PMCID: PMC10609448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epimedium is a classical Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used extensively to treat various diseases, such as sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and brain diseases. Flavonoids, such as icariin, baohuoside I, icaritin, and epimedin C, are the main active ingredients with diverse pharmacological activities. Currently, most Epimedium flavonoids are extracted from Epimedium plants, but this method cannot meet the increasing market demand. Biotransformation strategies promised huge potential for increasing the contents of high-value Epimedium flavonoids, which would promote the full use of the Epimedium herb. Complete biosynthesis of major Epimedium flavonoids by microbial cell factories would enable industrial-scale production of Epimedium flavonoids. This review summarizes the structures, pharmacological activities, and biosynthesis pathways in the Epimedium plant, as well as the extraction methods of major Epimedium flavonoids, and advancements in the biotransformation and complete microbial synthesis of Epimedium flavonoids, which would provide valuable insights for future studies on Epimedium herb usage and the production of Epimedium flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Quick Testing and Smart Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Bingling Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Sijie Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chengxue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yongjun Wei
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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3
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Huong NT, Son NT. Icaritin: A phytomolecule with enormous pharmacological values. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113772. [PMID: 37356700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies on flavonoids have always drawn much interest for many years. Icaritin (ICT), a representative flavone containing an 8-prenyl group, is a principal compound detected in medicinal plants of the genus Epimedum, the family Berberidaceae. Experimental results in the phytochemistry and pharmacology of this molecule are abundant now, but a deep overview has not been carried out. The goal of this review is to provide an insight into the natural observation, biosynthesis, biotransformation, synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of prenyl flavone ICT. The relevant data on ICT was collected from bibliographic sources, like Google Scholar, Web of Science, Sci-Finder, and various published journals. "Icaritin" alone or in combination is the main keyword to seek for references, and references have been updated till now. ICT is among the characteristic phytomolecules of Epimedum plants. Bacteria monitored its biosynthesis and biotransformation, while this agent was rapidly synthesized from phloroglucinol by microwave-assistance Claisen rearrangement. ICT is a potential agent in numerous in vitro and in vivo pharmacological records, which demonstrated its role in cancer treatments via apoptotic-related mechanisms. It also brings in various health benefits since it reduced harmful effects on the liver, lung, heart, bone, blood, and skin, and improved immune responses. Pharmacokinetic outcomes indicated that its metabolic pathway involved hydration, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glycosylation, and glucuronidation. Molecule mechanisms of action at a cellular level are predominant, but clinical studies are expected to get more. Structure-activity relationship records seem insufficient, and the studies on nano-combined approaches to improve its soluble property in living bodied medium are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Huong
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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Gani I, Jameel S, Bhat SA, Amin H, Bhat KA. Prenylated Flavonoids of Genus Epimedium: Phytochemistry, Estimation and Synthesis. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ifshana Gani
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Salman Jameel
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Henna Amin
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Khursheed Ahmad Bhat
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190005 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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Ding Y, Yu B, Zhou S, Ding C, Zhang Z, Xu S, Xu Z. Improvement of solubility and pharmacokinetic profile of hepatoprotector icariin through complexation with HP- γ-cyclodextrin. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138686. [PMID: 37033648 PMCID: PMC10073486 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin as a hepatoprotector from Herba epimedii can expand the cardiovascular and cerebral blood vessels, promote hematopoietic functions, enhance the immune system and show anti-liver tumor activities. However, its low solubility (0.02 mg/mL) limits its clinical applications as food and medical supplements. Through complexation with HP-γ-cyclodextrin by using a trace amount of water-soluble polymer, the water solubility of icariin was increased by 654 times, which is the best result to date for the water solubility study of icariin. In an in vitro pharmacokinetic study, the complexation increased the dissolution rate of icariin by 80 times, and the icariin complex can be 100% released in the first few minutes. Through complexation, in an in vivo dog pharmacokinetic study, the C max of icariin was increased about 5 times, the AUC0-120 was increased about 20 times and the clearance of icariin was changed from 11.17 L/h/kg to 0.65 L/h/kg. The half-life time was changed from 0.68 h to 6.38 h and the relative bioavailability was increased by nearly 20 times, indicating that less drug is needed for the same therapeutic effect by using the icariin complex, and the complex can be used as a potential potent hepatoprotector or anti-liver cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Ding
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yili Ding,
| | - Bo Yu
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhou
- Eastern Along Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Charles Ding
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufeng Xu
- Life Science Department, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Lu Y, Luo Q, Jia X, Tam JP, Yang H, Shen Y, Li X. Multidisciplinary strategies to enhance therapeutic effects of flavonoids from Epimedii Folium: Integration of herbal medicine, enzyme engineering, and nanotechnology. J Pharm Anal 2022; 13:239-254. [PMID: 37102112 PMCID: PMC10123947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids such as baohuoside I and icaritin are the major active compounds in Epimedii Folium (EF) and possess excellent therapeutic effects on various diseases. Encouragingly, in 2022, icaritin soft capsules were approved to reach the market for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that icaritin can serve as immune-modulating agent to exert anti-tumor effects. Nonetheless, both production efficiency and clinical applications of epimedium flavonoids have been restrained because of their low content, poor bioavailability, and unfavorable in vivo delivery efficiency. Recently, various strategies, including enzyme engineering and nanotechnology, have been developed to increase productivity and activity, improve delivery efficiency, and enhance therapeutic effects of epimedium flavonoids. In this review, the structure-activity relationship of epimedium flavonoids is described. Then, enzymatic engineering strategies for increasing the productivity of highly active baohuoside I and icaritin are discussed. The nanomedicines for overcoming in vivo delivery barriers and improving therapeutic effects of various diseases are summarized. Finally, the challenges and an outlook on clinical translation of epimedium flavonoids are proposed.
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Racz LZ, Racz CP, Pop LC, Tomoaia G, Mocanu A, Barbu I, Sárközi M, Roman I, Avram A, Tomoaia-Cotisel M, Toma VA. Strategies for Improving Bioavailability, Bioactivity, and Physical-Chemical Behavior of Curcumin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206854. [PMID: 36296447 PMCID: PMC9608994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CCM) is one of the most frequently explored plant compounds with various biological actions such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antineoplastic, and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties. The laboratory data and clinical trials have demonstrated that the bioavailability and bioactivity of curcumin are influenced by the feature of the curcumin molecular complex types. Curcumin has a high capacity to form molecular complexes with proteins (such as whey proteins, bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin), carbohydrates, lipids, and natural compounds (e.g., resveratrol, piperine, quercetin). These complexes increase the bioactivity and bioavailability of curcumin. The current review provides these derivatization strategies for curcumin in terms of biological and physico-chemical aspects with a strong focus on different type of proteins, characterization methods, and thermodynamic features of protein–curcumin complexes, and with the aim of evaluating the best performances. The current literature review offers, taking into consideration various biological effects of the CCM, a whole approach for CCM-biomolecules interactions such as CCM-proteins, CCM-nanomaterials, and CCM-natural compounds regarding molecular strategies to improve the bioactivity as well as the bioavailability of curcumin in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Zsolt Racz
- Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Csaba Pal Racz
- Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian-Cristian Pop
- Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 Gen. Traian Mosoiu Str., RO-400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., RO-050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Barbu
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 4-6 Clinicilor Str., RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Ioana Roman
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of NIRDBS Bucharest, 48 Republicii Str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Avram
- Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Research Center in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos Str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., RO-050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Toma
- Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 4-6 Clinicilor Str., RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of NIRDBS Bucharest, 48 Republicii Str., RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Wang Z, Liu C, Yu H, Wu B, Huai B, Zhuang Z, Sun C, Xu L, Jin F. Icaritin Preparation from Icariin by a Special Epimedium Flavonoid-Glycosidase from Aspergillus sp.y848 Strain. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:437-446. [PMID: 35283431 PMCID: PMC9628809 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2112.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, to obtain icaritin with high pharmacological activities from icariin, which has a content ratio of over 58% in the total flavonoids of Epimedium herb, a special Epimedium flavonoid-glycosidase was produced, purified and characterized from Aspergillus sp.y848 strain. The optimal enzyme production was gained in a medium containing 5% (w/v) wheat bran extract and 0.7% (w/v) Epimedium leaf powder as the enzyme inducer, and strain culture at 30°C for 6-7 days. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 73.2 kDa; the optimal pH and temperature were 5.0 and 40°C. The enzyme Km and Vmax values for icariin were 15.63 mM and 55.56 mM/h. Moreover, the enzyme hydrolyzed the 7-O-glucosides of icariin into icariside II, and finally hydrolyzed 3-O-rhamnoside of icariside II into icaritin. The enzyme also hydrolyzed 7-O-glucosides of epimedin B to sagittatoside B, and then further hydrolyzed terminal 3-O-xyloside of sagittatoside B to icarisiede II, before finally hydrolyzing 3-O-rhamnoside of icarisiede II into icaritin. The enzyme only hydrolyzed 7-O-glucoside of epimedin A or epimedin C into sagittatoside A or sagittatoside C. It is possible to prepare icaritin from the high-content icariin in Epimedium herb using this enzyme. When 2.5% icariin was reacted at 40°C for 18-20 h by the low-cost crude enzyme, 5.04 g icaritin with 98% purity was obtained from 10 g icariin. Also, the icaritin molar yield was 92.5%. Our results showed icaritin was successfully produced via cost-effective and relatively simple methods from icariin by crude enzyme. Our results should be very useful for the development of medicines from Epimedium herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggong-Yuan No. 1, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Liu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Liaoning Marine Microbial Engineering and Technology Center, Dalian University, Xuefu-Dajie No. 10, Economic Technological Development Zone, Dalian 116622, P.R. China,
C.Y. Liu Phone/Fax: +86-135911-96400 E-mail:
| | - Hongshan Yu
- College of Biotechnology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggong-Yuan No. 1, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P.R. China,Corresponding authors H.S. Yu Phone/Fax: +86-411-86307737 E-mail:
| | - Bo Wu
- College of Biotechnology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggong-Yuan No. 1, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Baoyu Huai
- College of Biotechnology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggong-Yuan No. 1, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Zhuang
- Dalian Center for Certification and Food and Drug, Huanghe-Lu No. 888A, Shahekou-qu, Dalian 116021, P.R. China
| | - Changkai Sun
- Research & Educational Center for the Control Engineering of Translational Precision Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong-ru No. 2, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116024, P.R. China,
C.K. Sun Phone: +86-13500777607 Fax: WeChat ID: sck13500777607 E-mail:
| | - Longquan Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggong-Yuan No. 1, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Fengxie Jin
- College of Biotechnology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggong-Yuan No. 1, Ganjingzi-qu, Dalian 116034, P.R. China,
F.X. Jin Phone/Fax: +86-411-86307737 E-mail:
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Daravath B, Somalanka S. Enhancement of dissolution rate of racecadotril by liquisolid compact technology. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Immobilization of Thermostable β-Glucosidase and α-l-Rhamnosidase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum DSM3960 and Their Cooperated Biotransformation of Total Flavonoids Extract from Epimedium into Icaritin. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mbachu OC, Howell C, Simmler C, Garcia GRM, Skowron KJ, Dong H, Ellis SG, Hitzman RT, Hajirahimkhan A, Chen SN, Nikolic D, Moore TW, Vollmer G, Pauli GF, Bolton JL, Dietz BM. SAR Study on Estrogen Receptor α/β Activity of (Iso)flavonoids: Importance of Prenylation, C-Ring (Un)Saturation, and Hydroxyl Substituents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10651-10663. [PMID: 32945668 PMCID: PMC8294944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many botanicals used for women's health contain estrogenic (iso)flavonoids. The literature suggests that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) activity can counterbalance estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated proliferation, thus providing a better safety profile. A structure-activity relationship study of (iso)flavonoids was conducted to identify ERβ-preferential structures, overall estrogenic activity, and ER subtype estrogenic activity of botanicals containing these (iso)flavonoids. Results showed that flavonoids with prenylation on C8 position increased estrogenic activity. C8-prenylated flavonoids with C2-C3 unsaturation resulted in increased ERβ potency and selectivity [e.g., 8-prenylapigenin (8-PA), EC50 (ERβ): 0.0035 ± 0.00040 μM], whereas 4'-methoxy or C3 hydroxy groups reduced activity [e.g., icaritin, EC50 (ERβ): 1.7 ± 0.70 μM]. However, nonprenylated and C2-C3 unsaturated isoflavonoids showed increased ERβ estrogenic activity [e.g., genistein, EC50 (ERβ): 0.0022 ± 0.0004 μM]. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata, [EC50 (ERα): 1.1 ± 0.20; (ERβ): 0.60 ± 0.20 μg/mL], containing 8-PA, and red clover [EC50 (ERα): 1.8 ± 0.20; (ERβ): 0.45 ± 0.10 μg/mL], with genistein, showed ERβ-preferential activity as opposed to hops [EC50 (ERα): 0.030 ± 0.010; (ERβ): 0.50 ± 0.050 μg/mL] and Epimedium sagittatum [EC50 (ERα): 3.2 ± 0.20; (ERβ): 2.5 ± 0.090 μg/mL], containing 8-prenylnaringenin and icaritin, respectively. Botanicals with ERβ-preferential flavonoids could plausibly contribute to ERβ-protective benefits in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna C. Mbachu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Caitlin Howell
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Gonzalo R. Malca Garcia
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Kornelia J. Skowron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Huali Dong
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Sarah G. Ellis
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Ryan T. Hitzman
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Atieh Hajirahimkhan
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Terry W. Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, 1801 W Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Günter Vollmer
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Dresden University of Technology, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
| | - Birgit M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
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Biochemical characterization of a novel hyperthermophilic α-l-rhamnosidase from Thermotoga petrophila and its application in production of icaritin from epimedin C with a thermostable β-glucosidase. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Shen Y, Wang M, Zhou J, Chen Y, Xu L, Wu M, Xia G, Tam JP, Yu J, Teng X, Yang H, Jia X. Eco-efficient biphasic enzymatic hydrolysis for the green production of rare baohuoside I. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Bonthagarala B, Dasari V, Kotra V, Swain S, Beg S. Quality-by-Design based development and characterization of pioglitazone loaded liquisolid compact tablets with improved biopharmaceutical attributes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Prenyl-flavonoids from Epimedium koreanum Nakai and their soluble epoxide hydrolase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Potential of Icariin Metabolites from Epimedium koreanum Nakai as Antidiabetic Therapeutic Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060986. [PMID: 28608833 PMCID: PMC6152727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic properties of Epimedium koreanum are presumed to be due to the flavonoid component icariin, which has been reported to have broad pharmacological potential and has demonstrated anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-tumor, and hepatoprotective activities. Considering these therapeutic properties of icariin, its deglycosylated icaritin and glycosylated flavonoids (icaeriside II, epimedin A, epimedin B, and epimedin C) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. The results show that icaritin and icariside II exhibit potent inhibitory activities, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 11.59 ± 1.39 μM and 9.94 ± 0.15 μM against PTP1B and 74.42 ± 0.01 and 106.59 ± 0.44 μM against α-glucosidase, respectively. With the exceptions of icaritin and icariside II, glycosylated flavonoids did not exhibit any inhibitory effects in the two assays. Enzyme kinetics analyses revealed that icaritin and icariside II demonstrated noncompetitive-type inhibition against PTP1B, with inhibition constant (Ki) values of 11.41 and 11.66 μM, respectively. Moreover, molecular docking analysis confirmed that icaritin and icariside II both occupy the same site as allosteric ligand. Thus, the molecular docking simulation results were in close agreement with the experimental data with respect to inhibition activity. In conclusion, deglycosylated metabolites of icariin from E. koreanum might offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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17
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Xu F, Yang Q, Wu L, Qi R, Wu Y, Li Y, Tang L, Guo DA, Liu B. Investigation of Inclusion Complex of Patchouli Alcohol with β-Cyclodextrin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169578. [PMID: 28095424 PMCID: PMC5240955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve the stability and water-solubility of patchouli alcohol by complexing with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The interactions between patchouli alcohol and β-CD were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. According to molecular modeling method, the enthalpy formation of host-guest illustrated the predominant configuration and the lowest value ΔbGo was -10.8174±1.9235 kcal/mol, suggesting the complex could reduce the energy of the system. The characterization analysis confirmed the formation of PA-CD inclusion complex, and the results indicated the advantage of the inclusion complex in stability and dissolution rates. These results identified PA-CD inclusion complex an effective way for the storage of PA, and better inclusion method still needed to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilan Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Qi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucui Li
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-an Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Tan HL, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Saokaew S, Duangjai A, Lee LH, Goh BH. Anti-Cancer Properties of the Naturally Occurring Aphrodisiacs: Icariin and Its Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27445824 PMCID: PMC4925704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epimedium (family Berberidaceae), commonly known as Horny Goat Weed or Yin Yang Huo, is commonly used as a tonic, aphrodisiac, anti-rheumatic and anti-cancer agent in traditional herbal formulations in Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea. The major bioactive compounds present within this plant include icariin, icaritin and icariside II. Although it is best known for its aphrodisiac properties, scientific and pharmacological studies suggest it possesses broad therapeutic capabilities, especially for enhancing reproductive function and osteoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and immunoprotective effects. In recent years, there has been great interest in scientific investigation of the purported anti-cancer properties of icariin and its derivatives. Data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests these compounds demonstrate anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells which occurs through various mechanisms such as apoptosis, cell cycle modulation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis and immunomodulation. Of note, they are efficient at targeting cancer stem cells and drug-resistant cancer cells. These are highly desirable properties to be emulated in the development of novel anti-cancer drugs in combatting the emergence of drug resistance and overcoming the limited efficacy of current standard treatment. This review aims to summarize the anti-cancer mechanisms of icariin and its derivatives with reference to the published literature. The currently utilized applications of icariin and its derivatives in cancer treatment are explored with reference to existing patents. Based on the data compiled, icariin and its derivatives are shown to be compounds with tremendous potential for the development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand; Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan UniversityPhitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand; Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia; Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
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Liu JY, Yu HS, Feng B, Kang LP, Pang X, Xiong CQ, Zhao Y, Li CM, Zhang Y, Ma BP. Selective hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides by Curvularia lunata. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:684-9. [PMID: 24345511 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Twelve flavonoid glycosides were involved in the biotransformation of the glycosyl moieties by Curvularia lunata 3.4381, and the products were analyzed by UPLC/PDA-Q-TOF-MS(E). Curvularia lunata displayed hydrolyzing activities on the terminal Rha or Glc units of some flavonoid glycosides. Terminal Rha with a 1 → 2 linkage of isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside and typhaneoside could be hydrolyzed by Curvularia lunata, but terminal Rha with a 1 → 6 linkage of rutin, typhaneoside, and quercetin-3-O-apiosyl-(1 → 2)-[rhamnosyl-(1 → 6)]-glucoside could not be hydrolyzed. Curvularia lunata could also hydrolyze the Glc of icariin, floramanoside B, and naringin. This is the first report of the hydrolysis of glycosyl units of flavonoid glycosides by Curvularia lunata. A new way to convert naringin to naringenin was found in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - He-Shui Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li-Ping Kang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Qi Xiong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Wang X, Luo Z, Xiao Z. Preparation, characterization, and thermal stability of β-cyclodextrin/soybean lecithin inclusion complex. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:1027-32. [PMID: 24299871 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), which is widely used to increase the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of guests, can form host-guest inclusion complexes with a wide variety of organic molecules. In this study the β-CD/soybean lecithin inclusion complex was prepared. The effect of reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the molar ratio of β-CD/soybean lecithin on inclusion ratio were studied. The inclusion ratio of the product prepared under the optimal conditions of β-CD/soybean lecithin molar ratio 2:1, reaction temperature 60°C reaction time 2h was 40.2%. The results of UV-vis, DSC, XRD and FT-IR spectrum indicated the formation of inclusion complex. The thermal stability experiment indicated that the thermal stability of soybean lecithin in inclusion complex was significantly improved compared with free soybean lecithin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinge Wang
- Carbohydrate Lab, College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Use of the liquisolid compact technique for improvement of the dissolution rate of valsartan. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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