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Xiao S, Cui J, Yang J, Hou H, Yao J, Ma X, Zheng L, Zhao F, Liu X, Liu D, Zhou Z, Wang P. Systematic health risks assessment of chiral fungicide famoxadone: Stereoselectivities in ferroptosis-mediated cytotoxicity and metabolic behavior. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135199. [PMID: 39053069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Famoxadone is a chiral fungicide frequently found in the environment and agricultural products. However, the health risks of famoxadone enantiomers are not well understood. This study investigated the stereoselective cytotoxicity and metabolic behavior of famoxadone enantiomers in mammals. Results showed that R-famoxadone was 1.5 times more toxic to HepG2 cells than S-famoxadone. R-famoxadone induced more pronounced ferroptosis compared to S-famoxadone. It caused greater upregulation of genes related to iron transport and lipid peroxidation, and greater downregulation of genes related to peroxide clearance. Furthermore, R-famoxadone induced more severe lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation through ACSL4 activation and GPX4 inhibition. Additionally, the bioavailability of R-famoxadone in mice was six times higher than that of S-famoxadone. Liver microsome assays, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibition assays, human recombinant CYP450 assays, and molecular docking suggested that the lower binding affinities of CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP2E1 for R-famoxadone caused its preferential accumulation. Overall, R-famoxadone poses a higher risk than S-famoxadone due to its greater cytotoxicity and persistence. This study provides the first evidence of ferroptosis-induced stereoselective toxicity, offering insights for the comprehensive health risk assessment of chiral famoxadone and valuable references for the application of high-efficiency, low-risk pesticide enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouchun Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingna Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haonan Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jianing Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Li Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury in model mice by studying the inhibitory effect of serum components on P450 inhibition assay. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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