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Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting and cancer chemotherapeutic properties of comestible flavonoids- a comprehensive update. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109147. [PMID: 36049673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder or genetic inheritance. People throughout the world are strongly dependent on ethnomedicine for the treatment of gout and some receive satisfactory curative treatment. The natural remedies as well as established drugs derived from natural sources or synthetically made exert their action by mechanisms that are closely associated with anticancer treatment mechanisms regarding inhibition of xanthine oxidase, feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, depolymerization and disappearance of microtubule, inhibition of NF-ĸB activation, induction of TRAIL, promotion of apoptosis, and caspase activation and proteasome inhibition. Some anti-gout and anticancer novel compounds interact with same receptors for their action, e.g., colchicine and colchicine analogues. Dietary flavonoids, i.e., chrysin, kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, pelargonidin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, phloretinetc etc. have comparable IC50 values with established anti-gout drug and effective against both cancer and gout. Moreover, a noticeable number of newer anticancer compounds have already been isolated from plants that have been using by local traditional healers and herbal practitioners to treat gout. Therefore, the anti-gout plants might have greater potentiality to become selective candidates for screening of newer anticancer leads.
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Zhao F, Ma Y, Yin J, Li Y, Cao Y, Zhang L. Analysis of Galangin and Its In Vitro/In Vivo Metabolites via Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2022; 12:1032. [PMID: 36355115 PMCID: PMC9692530 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Galangin, a naturally available flavonoid, induces a variety of pharmacological activities and biological effects via several mechanisms. However, in vivo metabolism of galangin has not been fully explored, which means knowledge of its pharmacodynamics and application potential is limited. The objective of this study was to establish an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for the rapid profiling and identification of galangin metabolites in vitro and in vivo using unique online information-dependent acquisition with multiple mass defect filtering combined with dynamic background subtraction in positive ion mode. A total of 27 metabolites were detected and characterized, among which eight metabolites in liver microsomes and four metabolites in intestinal microflora were characterized, and 27 metabolites from rat plasma, bile, urine, feces, and a number of different tissue samples were characterized. Thirteen major metabolic pathways including hydrogenation, hydroxylation, glycosylation, methylation, acetylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation were observed to be attributable to the biotransformation of the metabolites. This study provides evidence for the presence of in vitro and in vivo metabolites and the pharmacokinetic mechanism of galangin. Moreover, the study promotes the further development and utilization of galangin and the plant from which it is derived, Alpinia officinarum Hance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yinling Ma
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Province General Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jintuo Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Province General Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yanli Cao
- National Clinical Drug Monitoring Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Province General Center, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
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Patil S, Ujalambkar V, Rathore A, Rojatkar S, Pokharkar V. Galangin loaded galactosylated pluronic F68 polymeric micelles for liver targeting. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108691. [PMID: 30798131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin possess wide range of pharmacological activities including antiarthritic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer especially in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its biological use has been limited owing to its poor aqueous solubility, P-gp efflux and rapid in vivo metabolism by cytochrome enzymes. In order to address the drawbacks of galangin, the current work was designed with an objective to prepare liver targeted galangin loaded galactosylated pluronic F68 polymeric (GF68-Gal) micelles. Galactosylated pluronic F68 copolymer was successfully synthesized usi reduction amination method and used for micelle preparation. The prepared micelles were evaluated for micelle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, in vitro galangin release and in vivo biodistribution. The average size of GF68-Gal micelles was found to be around 242±4.6 nm with an entrapment efficiency of about 77.5± 0.34% w/w. In vitro dissolution profile of GF68-Gal micelles revealed controlled release of galangin. Further, biodistribution studies of GF68-Gal micelles showed significant improvement in the amount of galangin in liver at 15 min (around 2.6 folds) and after 30 min (around 7.18 folds) as compared to galangin solution. Such significant increase in galangin amount in the liver for GF68-Gal micelles could be attributed to their efficient targeting to the liver by galactose moieties having affinity towards ASGPR receptor, P-gp and cytochrome enzyme inhibition activity of pluronic F68 reducing the rate of metabolism and in turn elimination. Thus, galactosylated pluronic F68 copolymer can act as a promising carrier system for improving liver targeting of hydrophobic drugs susceptible to P-gp efflux and cytochrome enzyme associated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvil Patil
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Erandwane, Pune, 411 038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vinayak Ujalambkar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Erandwane, Pune, 411 038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Rathore
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Erandwane, Pune, 411 038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supada Rojatkar
- Research & Development Centre in Pharmaceutical sciences and Applied Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy Campus, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varsha Pokharkar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Erandwane, Pune, 411 038, Maharashtra, India.
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Abubakar IB, Malami I, Yahaya Y, Sule SM. A review on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Alpinia officinarum Hance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:45-62. [PMID: 29803568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alpinia officinarum Hance is a perennial plant that has been traditionally used for many decades to treat several ailments including inflammation, pain, stomach-ache, cold, amongst others. Pharmacological studies over the years have demonstrated remarkable bioactivities that could be further explored for development of new therapeutic agents against various ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY The paper critically reviewed the ethno-medicinal uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of A. officinarum. METHODS Keywords including A. officinarum and its synonyms were searched using electronic databases including ISI web of knowledge, Science direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar and relevant database for Masters and Doctoral theses. RESULTS A. officinarum is prepared in Asia, Turkey, Morocco and Iran as a decoction, infusion or juice as a single preparation or in combination with other herbs, food or drinks for the treatment of general health problems including cold, inflammation, digestive disorders, etc. Pharmacological studies revealed the potent in vitro and in vivo bioactivities of various parts of A. officinarum that include anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, homeostasis, lipid regulation, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, etc. Over 90 phytochemical constituents have been identified and isolated from A. officinarum comprising vastly of phenolic compounds especially diarylheptanoids isolated from the rhizome and considered the most active bioactive components. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed the potency of A. officinarum. However, further studies are required to establish the mechanisms mediating its bioactivities in relation to the medicinal uses as well as investigating any potential toxicity for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, PMB 1144 Aliero, Nigeria.
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, PMB 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria.
| | - Yakubu Yahaya
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, PMB 1144 Aliero, Nigeria.
| | - Sahabi Manga Sule
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, PMB 1144 Aliero, Nigeria.
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Kwak MK, Yang KM, Park J, Lee S, Park Y, Hong E, Sun EJ, An H, Park S, Pang K, Lee J, Kang JM, Kim P, Ooshima A, Kim SJ. Galangin enhances TGF-β1-mediated growth inhibition by suppressing phosphorylation of threonine 179 residue in Smad3 linker region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:706-713. [PMID: 29097203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Smad3 linker phosphorylation is a candidate target for several kinases that play important roles in cancer cell initiation, proliferation and progression. Also, Smad3 is an essential intracellular mediator of TGF-β1-induced transcriptional responses during carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is highly advantageous to identify and develop inhibitors targeting Smad3 linker phosphorylation for the treatment of cancers. Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) has been known to be an active flavonoid showing a cytotoxic effect on several cancer cells. However, the mechanism of action of galangin in various cancers remains unclear, and there has been no report concerning regulation of Smad3 phosphorylation by galangin. In the present study, we show that galangin significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in the presence of TGF-β1 in both human prostate and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Particularly, galangin effectively inhibits phosphorylation of the Thr-179 site at Smad3 linker region through suppression of CDK4 phosphorylation. Thus, galangin can be a promising candidate as a selective inhibitor to suppress phosphorylation of Smad3 linker region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Kwak
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Yang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, Bundang-ku, Seongnam City, 463-400 Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Hong
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Sun
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Haein An
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwha Pang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, Bundang-ku, Seongnam City, 463-400 Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihee Lee
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, Bundang-ku, Seongnam City, 463-400 Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Muk Kang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyunggang Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, CHA Bio Complex, Bundang-ku, Seongnam City, 463-400 Kyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Akira Ooshima
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea; Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea.
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