Sedative–hypnotic effect of YZG-330 and its effect on chloride influx in mouse brain cortical cells

The interaction of Suk-Saiyasna remedy with GABAA and CB1 receptor-targeting drugs: Enhancing hypnotic and sedative effects in in vivo models

The Suk-Saiyasna remedy, an herbal treatment, was historically used but ceased due to its cannabis content. After a relaxation of drug control laws in Thailand, its use re-emerged. This study examines the Suk-Saiyasna remedy's impact on rodent behavior and its receptor effects. This study was conducted to assess the sedative-like effects of the remedy on mice. The mice were divided into groups receiving 0.6, 3, 30, and 60 mg/kg extracts, with negative controls for comparison. We also investigated the impact on receptors, utilizing negative controls and pretreatment with receptor blockers, followed by either a negative control or a 60 mg/kg extract. Furthermore, this study investigated the behavioral aspects of mice, including anxiolytic effects, antidepressant-like effects, and motor coordination, utilizing the elevated plus-maze, open-field, and rotarod performance tests. The Suk-Saiyasna remedy (P < 0.05) decreased significantly in the latent period and increased sleeping time in the treated groups. Moreover, the Suk-Saiyasna remedy also showed efficacy in reaction to GABAA receptors and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (P < 0.05). In addition, positive effects were observed regarding the animal behavior in the arena, as the animal activity, behavior, and muscle coordination were reduced (P < 0.05). The Suk-Saiyasna remedy may be involved in a sedative-hypnotic-like effect in rodents under normal conditions through the modulation of GABAergic neurons and induction of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor mechanism.

Whole-body spatially-resolved metabolomics method for profiling the metabolic differences of epimer drug candidates using ambient mass spectrometry imaging

Investigation of the in vivo drug action and metabolic differences of epimer drugs is challenging. Whole-body MSI analysis can visually present the stereoscopic distribution of molecules related to the interaction of drugs and organisms, and can provide more comprehensive organ-specific profiling information. Herein, we developed a whole-body spatially-resolved imaging metabolomics method based on an air flow-assisted ionisation desorption electrospray ionisation (AFADESI)-MSI system coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer and highly discriminating imaging software. The epimeric sedative-hypnotic drug candidates YZG-331 and YZG-330 were selected as examples, and rats administered normal or high oral doses were used. By performing multivariate statistical data-mining on the combined MSI data, organ-specific differential ions were screened. By comparing the variations in the relative contents of the drugs, their metabolites, and endogenous neurotransmitters throughout whole-body tissue sections of the rats, rich information that could potentially explain the more significant sedative-hypnotic effects of YZG-330 compared to YZG-331 was obtained. Such as the increased ratio of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the brain and stomach of the rats (0.25, 0.47, 0.68, 0.30, and 0.89 for the control and YZG-331-H, YZG-330-H, YZG-331-L, and YZG-330-L, respectively) were interesting. This study provided a convenient and visual method to investigate in vivo molecular metabolic differences and provide insight towards a better understanding of the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of these sedative-hypnotic drug-candidates.