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Frömel T, Naeem Z, Pirzeh L, Fleming I. Cytochrome P450-derived fatty acid epoxides and diols in angiogenesis and stem cell biology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108049. [PMID: 34848204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are frequently referred to as the third pathway for the metabolism of arachidonic acid. While it is true that these enzymes generate arachidonic acid epoxides i.e. the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), they are able to accept a wealth of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to generate a large range of regio- and stereo-isomers with distinct biochemical properties and physiological actions. Probably the best studied are the EETs which have well documented effects on vascular reactivity and angiogenesis. CYP enzymes can also participate in crosstalk with other PUFA pathways and metabolize prostaglandin G2 and H2, which are the precursors of effector prostaglandins, to affect macrophage function and lymphangiogenesis. The activity of the PUFA epoxides is thought to be kept in check by the activity of epoxide hydrolases. However, rather than being inactive, the diols generated have been shown to regulate neutrophil activation, stem and progenitor cell proliferation and Notch signaling in addition to acting as exercise-induced lipokines. Excessive production of PUFA diols has also been implicated in pathologies such as severe respiratory distress syndromes, including COVID-19, and diabetic retinopathy. This review highlights some of the recent findings related to this pathway that affect angiogenesis and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lale Pirzeh
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Lu J, Shang X, Zhong W, Xu Y, Shi R, Wang X. New insights of CYP1A in endogenous metabolism: a focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms and diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:91-104. [PMID: 31998606 PMCID: PMC6984740 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), one of the major CYP subfamily in humans, not only metabolizes xenobiotics including clinical drugs and pollutants in the environment, but also mediates the biotransformation of important endogenous substances. In particular, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for CYP1A genes may affect the metabolic ability of endogenous substances, leading to some physiological or pathological changes in humans. This review first summarizes the metabolism of endogenous substances by CYP1A, and then introduces the research progress of CYP1A SNPs, especially the research related to human diseases. Finally, the relationship between SNPs and diseases is discussed. In addition, potential animal models for CYP1A gene editing are summarized. In conclusion, CYP1A plays an important role in maintaining the health in the body.
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Key Words
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- CYP1A
- EOAs, cis-epoxyoctadecenoics
- Endogenous substances
- FSH, follicle stimulating hormone
- HODEs, hydroxyoctadecdienoic acids
- IQ, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline
- KO, knockout
- LIF/STAT3, inhibiting leukemia inhibitory factor/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Metabolism and disease
- PhIP, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine
- SNPs
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- WT, wild type
- Xenobiotics
- t-RA, all-trans-retinoic acid
- t-ROH, all-trans-retinol
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuyang Shang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiguo Zhong
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200051, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Meng X, Zhang A, Wang X, Sun H. A kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucoside, intervention effect of astragalin on estradiol metabolism. Steroids 2019; 149:108413. [PMID: 31152828 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Kaempherol-3-O-β-d-glucoside, known as astragalin, is one of flavonoids found in a variety of plants including Cuscuta australis R.Br. In recent studies, astragalin possess many biological functions. Although astragalin is formed by linking glucose to kaempherol, its biological activity is not the same as kaempferol. In vivo, 17 β-estradiol (E2) is hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1 to form 4-hydroxy-E2 (4-OH-E2). This metabolite 4-OH-E2 is highly expressed in tumor tissues and has a strong tumorigenic effect. In this paper, the inhibition of astragalin and kaempferol on the activity of cytochrome 1B1 catalyzing estradiol to form 4-hydroxy-estradiol was studied, and the structure-activity relationship between astragalin and kaempferol due to their structural differences was discussed. This study showed that astragalin could inhibit the activity of CYP1B1. The inhibitory effect of astragalin (IC50 5.36 ± 1.13 μM) was weaker than kaempferol (IC50 0.45 ± 0.11 μM). For astragalin, Ki and Vmax values were 4.061 ± 0.737 μM and 1.457 pmol/μg protein/min, while for kaempferol, Ki and Vmax values were 2.631 ± 0.381 μM protein/min and 1.023 ± 0.231 pmol/μg. By kinetic analysis, astragalin and kaempferol were all mixed inhibition, indicating that although astragalin is formed by linking glucose to kaempherol, its inhibitory mechanism on CYP1B1 remained unchanged, and still belonged to a mixed inhibition. The data indicated that astragalin has been able to inhibit the metabolism of estradiol into the carcinogenic metabolite 4-hydroxyl-estradiol in vivo and illustrated an anti-tumor mechanism of astragalin. This study helps to reveal the structure-activity relationship between CYP1B1 activity and its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Han J, Kim DH, Seo JS, Kim IC, Nelson DR, Puthumana J, Lee JS. Assessing the identity and expression level of the cytochrome P450 20A1 (CYP20A1) gene in the BPA-, BDE-47, and WAF-exposed copepods Tigriopus japonicus and Paracyclopina nana. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 193:42-49. [PMID: 28088650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CYP20A1 is a member of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, identified as an orphan P450 without any assigned biological function; hence, its continued status as an "orphan" gene. In order to address this shortcoming in our understanding of this superfamily, we sought to characterize the CYP20A1 gene in the copepods Tigriopus japonicus (Tj-CYP20A1) and Paracyclopina nana (Pn-CYP20A1) at their mRNA transcriptional level. We assessed the response of this gene's expression in various developmental stages and in response to treatment with bisphenol A (BPA), 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), and water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of crude oil. As shown in the vertebrate CYP20A1, both Tj-CYP20A1 and Pn-CYP20A1 contained characteristic conserved motifs and domain regions (I helix, K helix and heme-binding motifs) with unusual amino acid sequences apparent in their gene structure. Also molecular characterization of the putative responsive elements in the promoter regions was performed. We observed transcriptional up-regulation of these genes during post-embryonic developmental stages including sex-specific up-regulation in adults. In addition, concentration- and time-dependent mRNA transcripts in response to xenobiotics (BPA, BDE-47, and WAFs) were seen. This study focuses on the molecular elucidation of CYP20A1 genes and their interactions with xenobiotics in the copepods T. japonicus and P. nana that provides important insight into the biological importance of CYP20A1 in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Cytochrome P450 20A1 in zebrafish: Cloning, regulation and potential involvement in hyperactivity disorders. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 296:73-84. [PMID: 26853319 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes for which there is no functional information are considered "orphan" CYPs. Previous studies showed that CYP20A1, an orphan, is expressed in human hippocampus and substantia nigra, and in zebrafish (Danio rerio) CYP20A1 maternal transcript occurs in eggs, suggesting involvement in brain and in early development. Moreover, hyperactivity is reported in humans with chromosome 2 microdeletions including CYP20A1. We examined CYP20A1 in zebrafish, including impacts of chemical exposure on expression. Zebrafish CYP20A1 cDNA was cloned, sequenced, and aligned with cloned human CYP20A1 and predicted vertebrate orthologs. CYP20A1s share a highly conserved N-terminal region and unusual sequences in the I-helix and the heme-binding CYP signature motifs. CYP20A1 mRNA expression was observed in adult zebrafish organs including the liver, heart, gonads, spleen and brain, as well as the eye and optic nerve. Putative binding sites in proximal promoter regions of CYP20A1s, and response of zebrafish CYP20A1 to selected nuclear and xenobiotic receptor agonists, point to up-regulation by agents involved in steroid hormone response, cholesterol and lipid metabolism. There also was a dose-dependent reduction of CYP20A1 expression in embryos exposed to environmentally relevant levels of methylmercury. Morpholino knockdown of CYP20A1 in developing zebrafish resulted in behavioral effects, including hyperactivity and a slowing of the optomotor response in larvae. The results suggest that altered expression of CYP20A1 might be part of a mechanism linking methylmercury exposure to neurobehavioral deficits. The expanded information on CYP20A1 brings us closer to "deorphanization", that is, identifying CYP20A1 functions and its roles in health and disease.
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