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Jia X, Fan X, Chen C, Lu Q, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Wang X, Han S, Ouyang L, Yan H, Dai H, Geng H. Chemical and Structural Engineering of Gelatin-Based Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications: A Review. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:564-589. [PMID: 38174643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As a biodegradable and biocompatible protein derived from collagen, gelatin has been extensively exploited as a fundamental component of biological scaffolds and drug delivery systems for precise medicine. The easily engineered gelatin holds great promise in formulating various delivery systems to protect and enhance the efficacy of drugs for improving the safety and effectiveness of numerous pharmaceuticals. The remarkable biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties of gelatin permit the construction of active 3D scaffolds to accelerate the regeneration of injured tissues and organs. In this Review, we delve into diverse strategies for fabricating and functionalizing gelatin-based structures, which are applicable to gene and drug delivery as well as tissue engineering. We emphasized the advantages of various gelatin derivatives, including methacryloyl gelatin, polyethylene glycol-modified gelatin, thiolated gelatin, and alendronate-modified gelatin. These derivatives exhibit excellent physicochemical and biological properties, allowing the fabrication of tailor-made structures for biomedical applications. Additionally, we explored the latest developments in the modulation of their physicochemical properties by combining additive materials and manufacturing platforms, outlining the design of multifunctional gelatin-based micro-, nano-, and macrostructures. While discussing the current limitations, we also addressed the challenges that need to be overcome for clinical translation, including high manufacturing costs, limited application scenarios, and potential immunogenicity. This Review provides insight into how the structural and chemical engineering of gelatin can be leveraged to pave the way for significant advancements in biomedical applications and the improvement of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Qianyun Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Liliang Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongji Yan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (MCB), Uppsala University (UU), 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Hongya Geng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
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Liu T, Li L, Cheng C, He B, Jiang T. Emerging prospects of protein/peptide-based nanoassemblies for drug delivery and vaccine development. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:7267-7285. [PMID: 35692441 PMCID: PMC9166156 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-4385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteins have been widely used in the biomedical field because of their well-defined architecture, accurate molecular weight, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and easy-to-functionalization. Inspired by the wisdom of nature, increasing proteins/peptides that possess self-assembling capabilities have been explored and designed to generate nanoassemblies with unique structure and function, including spatially organized conformation, passive and active targeting, stimuli-responsiveness, and high stability. These characteristics make protein/peptide-based nanoassembly an ideal platform for drug delivery and vaccine development. In this review, we focus on recent advances in subsistent protein/peptide-based nanoassemblies, including protein nanocages, virus-like particles, self-assemblable natural proteins, and self-assemblable artificial peptides. The origin and characteristics of various protein/peptide-based assemblies and their applications in drug delivery and vaccine development are summarized. In the end, the prospects and challenges are discussed for the further development of protein/peptide-based nanoassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
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Loffredo M, Lucero H, Chen DY, O'Connell A, Bergqvist S, Munawar A, Bandara A, De Graef S, Weeks SD, Douam F, Saeed M, Munawar AH. The in-vitro effect of famotidine on sars-cov-2 proteases and virus replication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5433. [PMID: 33686143 PMCID: PMC7940615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of coronavirus-specific antiviral drugs has instigated multiple drug repurposing studies to redirect previously approved medicines for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A recent, large-scale, retrospective clinical study showed that famotidine, when administered at a high dose to hospitalized COVID-19 patients, reduced the rates of intubation and mortality. A separate, patient-reported study associated famotidine use with improvements in mild to moderate symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. While a prospective, multi-center clinical study is ongoing, two parallel in silico studies have proposed one of the two SARS-CoV-2 proteases, 3CLpro or PLpro, as potential molecular targets of famotidine activity; however, this remains to be experimentally validated. In this report, we systematically analyzed the effect of famotidine on viral proteases and virus replication. Leveraging a series of biophysical and enzymatic assays, we show that famotidine neither binds with nor inhibits the functions of 3CLpro and PLpro. Similarly, no direct antiviral activity of famotidine was observed at concentrations of up to 200 µM, when tested against SARS-CoV-2 in two different cell lines, including a human cell line originating from lungs, a primary target of COVID-19. These results rule out famotidine as a direct-acting inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication and warrant further investigation of its molecular mechanism of action in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Loffredo
- Bisect Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Dan Road, Canton, MA, USA.,Orthogon Therapeutics LLC, 960 Turnpike St, Canton, MA, USA
| | - Hector Lucero
- Bisect Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Dan Road, Canton, MA, USA.,Orthogon Therapeutics LLC, 960 Turnpike St, Canton, MA, USA
| | - Da-Yuan Chen
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aoife O'Connell
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ahmad Munawar
- Bisect Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Dan Road, Canton, MA, USA.,Orthogon Therapeutics LLC, 960 Turnpike St, Canton, MA, USA
| | - Asanga Bandara
- Bisect Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Dan Road, Canton, MA, USA.,Orthogon Therapeutics LLC, 960 Turnpike St, Canton, MA, USA
| | - Steff De Graef
- Bisect Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Dan Road, Canton, MA, USA.,Pledge Therapeutics B.V., Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Stephen D Weeks
- Bisect Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Dan Road, Canton, MA, USA.,Pledge Therapeutics B.V., Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Florian Douam
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ali H Munawar
- Bisect Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Dan Road, Canton, MA, USA. .,Orthogon Therapeutics LLC, 960 Turnpike St, Canton, MA, USA. .,Pledge Therapeutics B.V., Gaston Geenslaan 1, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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