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Alluri SR, Zheng M, Holden D, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Felchner Z, Li S, Ropchan J, Carson R, Jia H, Huang Y. Evaluation of a First PET Tracer Suitable for Imaging the Sigma-2 Receptor in the Brain of Nonhuman Primates. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:194-200. [PMID: 38013422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-2 receptor (σ2R), recently identified as transmembrane protein 97, is expressed in many cell types and mediates important functions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Over the years, σ2R has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for cancer and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The currently available σ2R radiotracers have been developed primarily for cancer imaging with limited brain uptake. Here, we report the evaluation of the first brain penetrant 18F-labeled radiotracer suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of σ2R in nonhuman primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MingQiang Zheng
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zachary Felchner
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Songye Li
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jim Ropchan
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Richard Carson
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hongmei Jia
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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2
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Wang T, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang X, Mou T, An X, Zhang J, Zhang X, Deuther-Conrad W, Huang Y, Jia H. Development of a Highly Specific 18F-Labeled Radioligand for Imaging of the Sigma-2 Receptor in Brain Tumors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12840-12857. [PMID: 37704582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel ligands with the 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline or 5,6-dimethoxyisoindoline pharmacophore were designed and synthesized for evaluation of their structure-activity relationship to the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor and developed as suitable PET radioligands. Compound 1 was found to possess nanomolar affinity (Ki(σ1) = 2.57 nM) for the σ2 receptor, high subtype selectivity (>2000-fold), and high selectivity over 40 other receptors and transporters. Radioligand [18F]1 was prepared with radiochemical yield of 37-54%, > 99% radiochemical purity, and molar activity of 107-189 GBq/μmol. Biodistribution and blocking studies in mice and micro-PET/CT imaging of [18F]1 in rats indicated excellent binding specificity to the σ2 receptors in vivo. Micro-PET/CT imaging of [18F]1 in the U87MG glioma xenograft model demonstrated clear tumor visualization with high tumor uptake and tumor-to-background ratio. Co-injection with CM398 (5 μmol/kg) led to a remarkable reduction of tumor uptake (80%, 60-70 min), indicating high specific binding of [18F]1 in U87MG glioma xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Leyuan Chen
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tiantian Mou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaodan An
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8048, United States
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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De Luca L, Lombardo L, Mirabile S, Marrazzo A, Dichiara M, Cosentino G, Amata E, Gitto R. Discovery and computational studies of piperidine/piperazine-based compounds endowed with sigma receptor affinity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1734-1742. [PMID: 37731701 PMCID: PMC10507793 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe our efforts to identify sigma receptor 1 (S1R) ligands through a screening campaign on our in-house collection of piperidine/piperazine-based compounds. Our investigations led to the discovery of the potent compound 2-[4-(benzyl)-1-piperidin-1-yl]-1-4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanone (1) with high affinity toward S1R (Ki value of 3.2 nM) that was comparable to reference compound haloperidol (Ki value of 2.5 nM). Functional assay revealed that compound 1 acted as S1R agonist. To decipher the binding mode of this promising S1R ligand as a starting point for further structure-based optimization, we analysed the docking pose by using a S1R-structure derived from cocrystal structures of potent ligands in complex with target protein. The computational study was enriched with molecular dynamic simulations that revealed the crucial amino acid residues that interacted with the most interesting compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Lisa Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina Viale Ferdinando d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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4
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Wang T, Jia H. The Sigma Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease: New Potential Targets for Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12025. [PMID: 37569401 PMCID: PMC10418732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are a class of unique proteins with two subtypes: the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor which is situated at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), and the sigma-2 (σ2) receptor, located in the ER-resident membrane. Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of both σ1 and σ2 receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus these receptors represent two potentially effective biomarkers for emerging AD therapies. The availability of optimal radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging of the σ1 and σ2 receptors in humans will provide tools to monitor AD progression and treatment outcomes. In this review, we first summarize the significance of both receptors in the pathophysiology of AD and highlight AD therapeutic strategies related to the σ1 and σ2 receptors. We then survey the potential PET radioligands, with an emphasis on the requirements of optimal radioligands for imaging the σ1 or σ2 receptors in humans. Finally, we discuss current challenges in the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors, and the opportunities for neuroimaging to elucidate the σ1 and σ2 receptors as novel biomarkers for early AD diagnosis, and for monitoring of disease progression and AD drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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5
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An X, Wang J, Tong L, Zhang X, Fu H, Zhang J, Xie H, Huang Y, Jia H. 18F-Labeled o‑aminopyridyl alkynyl radioligands targeting colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor for neuroinflammation imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 83:117233. [PMID: 36933438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and evaluation of five o‑aminopyridyl alkynyl derivatives as colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) ligands. Compounds 4 and 5 with the fluoroethoxy group at the meta- or para-position of the phenyl ring possessed nanomolar inhibitory potency against CSF-1R with IC50 values of 7.6 nM and 2.3 nM, respectively. Radioligands [18F]4 and [18F]5 were obtained in radiochemical yields of 17.2 ± 5.3% (n = 5, decay-corrected) and 14.0 ± 4.3% (n = 4, decay-corrected), with radiochemical purity of > 99% and molar activity of 9-12 GBq/μmol (n = 5) and 6-8 GBq/μmol (n = 4), respectively. In biodistribution studies, radioligands [18F]4 and [18F]5 showed moderate brain uptake in male ICR mice with 1.52 ± 0.15 and 0.91 ± 0.07% ID/g, respectively, at 15 min. Metabolic stability studies in mouse brain revealed that [18F]4 exhibited high stability while [18F]5 suffered from low stability. Higher accumulation of [18F]4 in the brain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice was observed, and further pretreatment of BLZ945 or CPPC led to remarkable reduction, indicating specific binding of [18F]4 to CSF-1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan An
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hualong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Hua Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8048, USA.
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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6
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Kim HY, Lee JY, Hsieh CJ, Riad A, Izzo NJ, Catalano SM, Graham TJA, Mach RH. Screening of σ 2 Receptor Ligands and In Vivo Evaluation of 11C-Labeled 6,7-Dimethoxy-2-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline for Potential Use as a σ 2 Receptor Brain PET Tracer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6261-6272. [PMID: 35404616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a panel of 46 compounds containing five different scaffolds known to have high σ2 receptor affinity were screened. 6,7-Dimethoxy-2-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline [(±)-7] (Ki for σ1 = 48.4 ± 7.7 nM, and Ki for σ2 = 0.59 ± 0.02 nM) and its desmethyl analogue, (±)-8 (Ki for σ1 = 108 ± 35 nM, and Ki for σ2 = 4.92 ± 0.59 nM), showed excellent binding affinity and subtype selectivity for σ2 receptors. In vitro cell binding indicated that σ2 receptor binding of [11C]-(±)-7 and [11C]-(±)-8 was dependent on TMEM97 protein expression. In PET studies, the peak brain uptake of [11C]-(±)-7 (8.28 ± 2.52%ID/cc) was higher than that of [11C]-(±)-8 (4.25 ± 0.97%ID/cc) with specific distribution in the cortex and hypothalamus. Brain uptake or tissue binding was selectively inhibited by ligands with different σ2 receptor binding affinities. The results suggest [11C]-(±)-7 can be used as a PET radiotracer for imaging the function of σ2 receptors in central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Nicholas J Izzo
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203-5118, United States
| | - Susan M Catalano
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15203-5118, United States
| | - Thomas J A Graham
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Vagelos Laboratories, 1012, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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