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Franks GV, Sesso ML, Lam M, Lu Y, Xu L. Elastic plastic fracture mechanics investigation of toughness of wet colloidal particulate materials: Influence of saturation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 581:627-634. [PMID: 32810728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Previous use of linear elastic fracture mechanics to estimate toughness of wet particulate materials underestimates the toughness because it does not account for plastic deformation as a dissipation mechanism. Plastic deformation is responsible for the majority of energy dissipated during the fracture of wet colloidal particulate materials. Plastic deformation around the crack tip increases with saturation of the particulate body. The toughness of the body increases with increasing saturation. EXPERIMENTS Elastic plastic fracture mechanics using the J-integral approach was used for the first time to measure the fracture toughness (JIC) of wet micron sized alumina powder bodies as a function of saturation. The samples were prepared by slip casting. The saturation was controlled by treatment in a humidity chamber. The elastic modulus (E) and the energy dissipated by plastic flow (Apl) were measured in uniaxial compression. The critical stress intensity factor (KIC) was measured using a diametral compression sample with a flaw of known size. The fracture toughness (JIC) was calculated from these measured quantities and the geometry of the specimen. FINDINGS Elastic plastic fracture mechanics was used for the first time to quantitively account for plastic deformation of wet particulate materials. The linear elastic fracture mechanics approach previously used accounted for less than 1% of the total energy dissipated in fracture. Toughness (JIC) was found to increase with increasing saturation due to plastic deformation that increased with saturation level. The improved understanding of toughness as a function of saturation will aid in providing quantitative analysis of cracking in drying colloidal films and bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George V Franks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - Mitchell L Sesso
- Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Matthew Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
| | - Liqing Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
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Tarafdar S, Dutta T. Formation of desiccation crack patterns in electric fields: a review. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 377:rsta.2017.0398. [PMID: 30478210 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation crack formation is an important and interesting part of the broad area of fracture mechanics. Generation of cracks due to drying depends on ambient conditions, which may include externally applied fields. In this review, we discuss the effect of both direct and alternating electrical fields on desiccation crack formation. After a brief introduction to materials which crack on drying, e.g. colloids, clay and ceramics we discuss how they respond to an electric field. Following that, we present an account of experiments and modelling studies performed on granular pastes or clays drying while exposed to an electric field. Specific patterns formed under different geometries, strengths and frequencies of the electric field are described and explained. The review includes work on cracks formed in clay droplets, where a memory effect has been observed and analysed using a generalized calculus formalism.This article is part of the theme issue 'Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Tarafdar
- Condensed Matter Physics Research Centre, Physics Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapati Dutta
- Condensed Matter Physics Research Centre, Physics Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
- Physics Department, St Xavier's College, Kolkata 700016, India
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Kitsunezaki S, Sasaki A, Nishimoto A, Mizuguchi T, Matsuo Y, Nakahara A. Memory effect and anisotropy of particle arrangements in granular paste. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:88. [PMID: 29034412 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is known that pastes of fine powder, for example those of clay, retain memory of shaking applied early in a drying process. This memory results in the appearance of anisotropic patterns of desiccation cracks after drying. In this work, we find a similar behavior in pastes consisting of large granular particles, specifically cornstarch and Lycopodium spores. Because of the large particle size, we were able to observe particle arrangements in Lycopodium paste with micro-focus X-ray computerized tomography ( μ CT). We prepared pastes consisting of Lycopodium particles and water. Agar was added to the paste in order to allow for solidification during a drying process. In these samples, we found statistical anisotropy induced by shaking applied early in the drying process. This anisotropy possesses a feature that was predicted on the basis of results obtained in previous experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Kitsunezaki
- Research Group of Physics, Division of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan.
| | - Arina Sasaki
- Research Group of Physics, Division of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Nara Women's University, 630-8506, Nara, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishimoto
- Faculty of Health and Well-being, Kansai University, 590-8515, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 599-8531, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yousuke Matsuo
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 274-8501, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Akio Nakahara
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 274-8501, Funabashi, Japan
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Ordered fragmentation of oxide thin films at submicron scale. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13148. [PMID: 27748456 PMCID: PMC5071645 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Crack formation is typically undesirable as it represents mechanical failure that compromises strength and integrity. Recently, there have also been numerous attempts to control crack formation in materials with the aim to prevent or isolate crack propagation. In this work, we utilize fragmentation, at submicron and nanometre scales, to create ordered metal oxide film coatings. We introduce a simple method to create modified films using electroplating on a prepatterned substrate. The modified films undergo preferential fragmentation at locations defined by the initial structures on the substrate, yielding ordered structures. In thicker films, some randomness in the characteristic sizes of the fragments is introduced due to competition between crack propagation and crack creation. The method presented allows patterning of metal oxide films over relatively large areas by controlling the fragmentation process. We demonstrate use of the method to fabricate high-performance electrochromic structures, yielding good coloration contrast and high coloration efficiency. Fracture and related processes are typically considered detrimental, but have also attracted interest in more constructive roles. Here authors demonstrate ordered fragmentation at submicron scales of a metal oxide/hydroxide thin film by introducing preferential sites for fracture on the underlying substrate.
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Ghaitaranpour A, Rastegar A, Tabatabaei Yazdi F, Mohebbi M, Alizadeh Behbahani B. Application of Digital Image Processing in Monitoring some Physical Properties of Tarkhineh during Drying. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ghaitaranpour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Rastegar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Farideh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohebbat Mohebbi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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Li J, Qian ZQ. The Application of Image Acquisition and Analysis Techniques to the Field of Drying. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-016-9146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ghosh UU, Chakraborty M, Bhandari AB, Chakraborty S, DasGupta S. Effect of Surface Wettability on Crack Dynamics and Morphology of Colloidal Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6001-6010. [PMID: 25973978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of surface wettability on the dynamics of crack formation and their characteristics are examined during the drying of aqueous colloidal droplets (1 μL volume) containing nanoparticles (53 nm mean particle diameter, 1 w/w %). Thin colloidal films, formed during drying, rupture as a result of the evaporation-induced capillary pressure and exhibit microscopic cracks. The crack initiation and propagation velocity as well as the number of cracks are experimentally evaluated for substrates of varying wettability and correlated to their wetting nature. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy are used to examine the region in the proximity of the crack including the particle arrangements near the fracture zone. The altered substrate-particle Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) interactions, as a consequence of the changed wettability, are theoretically evaluated and found to be consistent with the experimental observations. The resistance of the film to cracking is found to depend significantly on the substrate surface energy and quantified by the critical stress intensity factor, evaluated by analyzing images obtained from confocal microscopy. The results indicate the possibility of controlling crack dynamics and morphology by tuning the substrate wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Uday Ghosh
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Monojit Chakraborty
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Aditya Bikram Bhandari
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sunando DasGupta
- †Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Kitsunezaki S. Cracking condition of cohesionless porous materials in drying processes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:052805. [PMID: 23767582 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of air into porous systems in drying processes is often localized in soft materials, such as colloidal suspensions and granular pastes, and it typically develops in the form of cracks before ordinary drying begins. To investigate such processes, we construct an invasion percolation model on a deformable lattice for cohesionless elastic systems, and with this model we derive the condition under which cracking occurs. A Griffith-like condition characterized by a dimensionless parameter is proposed, and its validity is checked numerically. This condition indicates that the ease with which cracking occurs increases as the particles composing the material become smaller, as the rigidity of the system increases and as the degree of heterogeneity characterizing the drying processes decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Kitsunezaki
- Research Group of Physics, Division of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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Nakayama H, Matsuo Y, Takeshi O, Nakahara A. Position control of desiccation cracks by memory effect and Faraday waves. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2013; 36:1. [PMID: 23306446 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2013-13001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pattern formation of desiccation cracks on a layer of a calcium carbonate paste is studied experimentally. This paste is known to exhibit a memory effect, which means that a short-time application of horizontal vibration to the fresh paste predetermines the direction of the cracks that are formed after the paste is dried. While the position of the cracks (as opposed to their direction) is still stochastic in the case of horizontal vibration, the present work reports that their positioning is also controllable, at least to some extent, by applying vertical vibration to the paste and imprinting the pattern of Faraday waves, thus breaking the translational symmetry of the system. The experiments show that the cracks tend to appear in the node zones of the Faraday waves: in the case of stripe-patterned Faraday waves, the cracks are formed twice more frequently in the node zones than in the anti-node zones, presumably due to the localized horizontal motion. As a result of this preference of the cracks to the node zones, the memory of the square lattice pattern of Faraday waves makes the cracks run in the oblique direction differing by 45 degrees from the intuitive lattice direction of the Faraday waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi, 274-8501, Chiba, Japan
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Khatun T, Choudhury MD, Dutta T, Tarafdar S. Electric-field-induced crack patterns: experiments and simulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:016114. [PMID: 23005498 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.016114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of crack patterns formed in laponite gel drying in an electric field. The sample dries in a circular petri dish and the field is radial, acting inward or outward. A system of radial cracks forms in the setup with the center terminal positive, while predominantly cross-radial cracks form when the center is at a negative potential. The laponite accumulates near the negative terminal making the layer thicker at this end. A spring model on a square lattice is used to simulate the desiccation crack formation, with an additional radial force acting due to the electric field. With the radial force acting outward, radial cracks form and for the reversed field cross-radial cracks form. This conforms to the observation that laponite platelets become effectively positive due to overcharging and are attracted towards the negative terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajkera Khatun
- Condensed Matter Physics Research Centre, Physics Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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